From owner-pim@catarina.usc.edu  Fri Jun  1 09:51:22 2001
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Hi


I am learner in PIM. I am going through gated implementation of PIM-SM ver 1.52. I am not able to get the implementation details.Does anyone has the implementation information. Can anyone help me in this regard.


 


regards


Aman
Get Your Private, Free E-mail from Indiatimes at  http://email.indiatimes.com

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<P>Hi</P>
<P>I am learner in PIM. I am going through gated implementation of PIM-SM ver 1.52. I am not able to get the implementation details.Does anyone has the implementation information. Can anyone help me in this regard.</P>
<P>&nbsp;</P>
<P>regards</P>
<P>Aman</P>
<hr><font face="Arial" size="2"><b>Get Your Private, Free E-mail from Indiatimes at  </font><a href="http://email.indiatimes.com"><font face="Arial" size="2">http://email.indiatimes.com</font></a></b>

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From owner-pim@catarina.usc.edu  Fri Jun  1 21:35:35 2001
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Hi,
 I have a basic question regarding RPF calculation in PIM-SM.
I have only Unicast Routing Table to calculate RPF as we don't support any  multicast protocols. PIM-SM is enabled on few interfaces.
If  the interface used by the unicast routing table to forward unicast packets to the RP/Source is a non PIM enabled interface; should I send the join/prune message on the lower cost interface among the PIM enabled interfaces to the RP/Source. Please,  someone give advice even if  this is not bound to Protocol Specification.

Thanks
satya


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From owner-pim@catarina.usc.edu  Fri Jun  1 21:52:51 2001
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From: "Nadeem Lughmani" <nlughmani@hotmail.com>
To: <pim@catarina.usc.edu>
Subject: Unicast Src address in Assert message.
Date: Fri, 1 Jun 2001 18:43:25 -0700
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Hi All,
Does any one know what should we put in the Unicast Source Address in =
PIM Assert packet when R bit is 1.[ (*,G) Assert]
1) Should we put the unicast source address which caused the Assert to =
happen.?
2) Should we put the rp address.?
3)Should we put the 0.0.0.0 to represent *

Help is greatly appreciated.

-Nadeem

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<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.0 Transitional//EN">
<HTML><HEAD>
<META content=3D"text/html; charset=3Diso-8859-1" =
http-equiv=3DContent-Type>
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<STYLE></STYLE>
</HEAD>
<BODY bgColor=3D#ffffff>
<DIV><FONT face=3DArial size=3D2>Hi All,</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=3DArial size=3D2>Does any one know what should we put in =
the Unicast=20
Source Address in PIM Assert packet when R bit is 1.[ (*,G) =
Assert]</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=3DArial size=3D2>1) Should we put the unicast source =
address which=20
caused the Assert to happen.?</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=3DArial size=3D2>2) Should we put the rp =
address.?</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=3DArial size=3D2>3)Should we put the 0.0.0.0 to =
represent=20
*</FONT></DIV>
<DIV>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=3DArial size=3D2>Help is greatly =
appreciated.</FONT></DIV>
<DIV>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=3DArial size=3D2>-Nadeem</FONT></DIV></BODY></HTML>

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From owner-pim@catarina.usc.edu  Fri Jun  1 22:24:33 2001
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From: "Sundeep Singatwaria" <ssingatw@nortelnetworks.com>
To: "'Nadeem Lughmani'" <nlughmani@hotmail.com>, pim <pim@catarina.usc.edu>
Subject: RE: Unicast Src address in Assert message.
Date: Fri, 1 Jun 2001 19:00:47 -0700
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I don't think it matters as long as the RP bit is set.
 
sundeep

-----Original Message-----
From: Nadeem Lughmani [mailto:nlughmani@hotmail.com]
Sent: Friday, June 01, 2001 6:43 PM
To: pim
Subject: Unicast Src address in Assert message.


Hi All,
Does any one know what should we put in the Unicast Source Address in PIM
Assert packet when R bit is 1.[ (*,G) Assert]
1) Should we put the unicast source address which caused the Assert to
happen.?
2) Should we put the rp address.?
3)Should we put the 0.0.0.0 to represent *
 
Help is greatly appreciated.
 
-Nadeem


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<DIV><FONT color=#0000ff face=Arial size=2><SPAN class=915454501-02062001>I 
don't think it matters as long as the RP bit is set.</SPAN></FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT color=#0000ff face=Arial size=2><SPAN 
class=915454501-02062001></SPAN></FONT>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV><FONT color=#0000ff face=Arial size=2><SPAN 
class=915454501-02062001>sundeep</SPAN></FONT></DIV>
<BLOCKQUOTE style="MARGIN-RIGHT: 0px">
  <DIV class=OutlookMessageHeader><FONT face="Times New Roman" 
  size=2>-----Original Message-----<BR><B>From:</B> Nadeem Lughmani 
  [mailto:nlughmani@hotmail.com]<BR><B>Sent:</B> Friday, June 01, 2001 6:43 
  PM<BR><B>To:</B> pim<BR><B>Subject:</B> Unicast Src address in Assert 
  message.<BR><BR></DIV></FONT>
  <DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2>Hi All,</FONT></DIV>
  <DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2>Does any one know what should we put in the 
  Unicast Source Address in PIM Assert packet when R bit is 1.[ (*,G) 
  Assert]</FONT></DIV>
  <DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2>1) Should we put the unicast source address which 
  caused the Assert to happen.?</FONT></DIV>
  <DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2>2) Should we put the rp address.?</FONT></DIV>
  <DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2>3)Should we put the 0.0.0.0 to represent 
  *</FONT></DIV>
  <DIV>&nbsp;</DIV>
  <DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2>Help is greatly appreciated.</FONT></DIV>
  <DIV>&nbsp;</DIV>
  <DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2>-Nadeem</FONT></DIV></BLOCKQUOTE></BODY></HTML>

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From owner-pim@catarina.usc.edu  Fri Jun  1 23:28:37 2001
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Date: Fri, 1 Jun 2001 20:11:14 -0700 (PDT)
From: krishna bellamkonda <k_bellamkonda@yahoo.com>
Subject: Re: RPF calculation
To: m_satya123@123india.com, pim@catarina.usc.edu, fenner@research.att.com,
        mjh@aciri.org, holbrook@cisco.com, kouvelas@cisco.com
Cc: hsandick@nortelnetworks.com
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Hi,
 I think we should skip the Join message at this
instance and you should not send Join on other
interface. 

I could able to locate this in the RFC 2362 section
3.2.1 
"Join/Prune messages are only sent if the RPF neighbor
is a PIM neighbor". This means you should calculate
the RPF neighbor and then check for a PIM nehbor on
that interface and we should not do in the reverse
order.

  But, i haven't found this in the new PIM-SM draft
and i am not sure whether any new changes made in the
new draft regarding this. 

 Krishna.
 
--- m_satya123@123india.com wrote:
> Hi,
>  I have a basic question regarding RPF calculation
> in PIM-SM.
> I have only Unicast Routing Table to calculate RPF
> as we don't support any  multicast protocols. PIM-SM
> is enabled on few interfaces.
> If  the interface used by the unicast routing table
> to forward unicast packets to the RP/Source is a non
> PIM enabled interface; should I send the join/prune
> message on the lower cost interface among the PIM
> enabled interfaces to the RP/Source. Please, 
> someone give advice even if  this is not bound to
> Protocol Specification.
> 
> Thanks
> satya
> 
> 
>
______________________________________________________
> 123India.com - India's Premier Portal 
> Get your Free Email Account at
> http://www.123india.com
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> 


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From owner-pim@catarina.usc.edu  Sat Jun  2 01:46:15 2001
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	(envelope-from mjh@hazard.aciri.org)
From: Mark Handley <mjh@aciri.org>
X-Organisation: ACIRI
To: m_satya123@123india.com
cc: pim@catarina.usc.edu
Subject: Re: RPF calculation 
In-reply-to: Your message of "01 Jun 2001 18:12:03 PDT."
             <20010602011203.29580.cpmta@c009.snv.cp.net> 
Date: Fri, 01 Jun 2001 22:15:30 -0700
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> I have a basic question regarding RPF calculation in PIM-SM.
>I have only Unicast Routing Table to calculate RPF as we don't support any mu
>lticast protocols. PIM-SM is enabled on few interfaces.
>If  the interface used by the unicast routing table to forward unicast packets
> to the RP/Source is a non PIM enabled interface; should I send the join/prune
> message on the lower cost interface among the PIM enabled interfaces to the R
>P/Source. Please,  someone give advice even if  this is not bound to Protocol 
>Specification.

I think that would be considered a misconfiguration - a PIM domain
must be convex with respect to the underlying routing protocol in
order to work, and the situation you describe is not convex as far as
PIM enabled paths are concerned.

There are a number of problems with the solution you describe:

 - the unicast routing table usually will only have one route to the RP 
   or source, so to get an alternate route you'd need to change your
   unicast routing implementation.

 - in some circumstances the only PIM-enabled interface may be the one
   the packet arrived on.

 - in general, you rely on unicast routing to avoid join-loops.  If
   some routers use the unicast routes and some use different routes,
   you risk creating a loop.

So I think the correct situation is to not send the join upstream, and
to report this as a configuration error.

Cheers,
	Mark


From owner-pim@catarina.usc.edu  Sat Jun  2 02:45:53 2001
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From: Mark Handley <mjh@aciri.org>
X-Organisation: ACIRI
To: m_satya123@123india.com
cc: pim@catarina.usc.edu
Subject: Re: RPF calculation 
In-reply-to: Your message of "01 Jun 2001 18:12:03 PDT."
             <20010602011203.29580.cpmta@c009.snv.cp.net> 
Date: Fri, 01 Jun 2001 22:15:30 -0700
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> I have a basic question regarding RPF calculation in PIM-SM.
>I have only Unicast Routing Table to calculate RPF as we don't support any mu
>lticast protocols. PIM-SM is enabled on few interfaces.
>If  the interface used by the unicast routing table to forward unicast packets
> to the RP/Source is a non PIM enabled interface; should I send the join/prune
> message on the lower cost interface among the PIM enabled interfaces to the R
>P/Source. Please,  someone give advice even if  this is not bound to Protocol 
>Specification.

I think that would be considered a misconfiguration - a PIM domain
must be convex with respect to the underlying routing protocol in
order to work, and the situation you describe is not convex as far as
PIM enabled paths are concerned.

There are a number of problems with the solution you describe:

 - the unicast routing table usually will only have one route to the RP 
   or source, so to get an alternate route you'd need to change your
   unicast routing implementation.

 - in some circumstances the only PIM-enabled interface may be the one
   the packet arrived on.

 - in general, you rely on unicast routing to avoid join-loops.  If
   some routers use the unicast routes and some use different routes,
   you risk creating a loop.

So I think the correct situation is to not send the join upstream, and
to report this as a configuration error.

Cheers,
	Mark


From owner-pim@catarina.usc.edu  Mon Jun  4 00:46:00 2001
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From: "Radhakrishna Singuru" <radhakrishna.singuru@wipro.com>
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Subject: Re: PIM-SM gated implementation
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Check for "draft-helmy-pim-sm-implem-00.ps" on the net.
thanks
radha

mistkhan wrote:

> Hi
>
> I am learner in PIM. I am going through gated implementation of PIM-SM
> ver 1.52. I am not able to get the implementation details.Does anyone
> has the implementation information. Can anyone help me in this regard.
>
>
>
>
> regards
>
> Aman
> -----------------------------------------------------------------------
> Get Your Private, Free E-mail from Indiatimes at
> http://email.indiatimes.com



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<html>
Check for "draft-helmy-pim-sm-implem-00.ps" on the net.
<br>thanks
<br>radha
<p>mistkhan wrote:
<blockquote TYPE=CITE>Hi
<p>I am learner in PIM. I am going through gated implementation of PIM-SM
ver 1.52. I am not able to get the implementation details.Does anyone has
the implementation information. Can anyone help me in this regard.
<br>&nbsp;
<br>&nbsp;
<p>regards
<p>Aman
<br>
<hr><font face="Arial"><font size=-1><b>Get Your Private, Free E-mail from
Indiatimes at </b><a href="http://email.indiatimes.com">http://email.indiatimes.com</a></font></font></blockquote>

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Message-ID: <002e01c0ecbc$244ff300$c802910a@wipro.com>
From: "Mani Manoharan Balaraman" <mani.balaram@wipro.com>
To: "Radhakrishna Singuru" <radhakrishna.singuru@wipro.com>,
        "mistkhan" <mistkhan@indiatimes.com>
Cc: <pim@catarina.usc.edu>
References: <200106011310.SAA16043@WS0005.indiatimes.com> <3B1B0E83.68B28756@wipro.com>
Subject: Re: PIM-SM gated implementation
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It's in the
http://catarina.usc.edu/pim/~ahelmy i suppose
reg
mani
  ----- Original Message -----=20
  From: Radhakrishna Singuru=20
  To: mistkhan=20
  Cc: pim@catarina.usc.edu=20
  Sent: Monday, June 04, 2001 9:58 AM
  Subject: Re: PIM-SM gated implementation


  Check for "draft-helmy-pim-sm-implem-00.ps" on the net.=20
  thanks=20
  radha=20
  mistkhan wrote:=20

    Hi=20
    I am learner in PIM. I am going through gated implementation of =
PIM-SM ver 1.52. I am not able to get the implementation details.Does =
anyone has the implementation information. Can anyone help me in this =
regard.=20
     =20
     =20

    regards=20

    Aman=20



-------------------------------------------------------------------------=
---
    Get Your Private, Free E-mail from Indiatimes at =
http://email.indiatimes.com

   =20

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	charset="iso-8859-1"
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<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.0 Transitional//EN">
<HTML><HEAD>
<META content=3D"text/html; charset=3Diso-8859-1" =
http-equiv=3DContent-Type>
<META content=3D"MSHTML 5.00.2614.3500" name=3DGENERATOR>
<STYLE></STYLE>
</HEAD>
<BODY bgColor=3D#ffffff>
<DIV><FONT face=3DArial size=3D2>It's in the</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=3DArial size=3D2><A=20
href=3D"http://catarina.usc.edu/pim/~ahelmy">http://catarina.usc.edu/pim/=
~ahelmy</A>=20
i suppose</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=3DArial size=3D2>reg</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=3DArial size=3D2>mani</FONT></DIV>
<BLOCKQUOTE=20
style=3D"BORDER-LEFT: #000000 2px solid; MARGIN-LEFT: 5px; MARGIN-RIGHT: =
0px; PADDING-LEFT: 5px; PADDING-RIGHT: 0px">
  <DIV style=3D"FONT: 10pt arial">----- Original Message ----- </DIV>
  <DIV=20
  style=3D"BACKGROUND: #e4e4e4; FONT: 10pt arial; font-color: =
black"><B>From:</B>=20
  <A href=3D"mailto:radhakrishna.singuru@wipro.com"=20
  title=3Dradhakrishna.singuru@wipro.com>Radhakrishna Singuru</A> </DIV>
  <DIV style=3D"FONT: 10pt arial"><B>To:</B> <A=20
  href=3D"mailto:mistkhan@indiatimes.com"=20
  title=3Dmistkhan@indiatimes.com>mistkhan</A> </DIV>
  <DIV style=3D"FONT: 10pt arial"><B>Cc:</B> <A =
href=3D"mailto:pim@catarina.usc.edu"=20
  title=3Dpim@catarina.usc.edu>pim@catarina.usc.edu</A> </DIV>
  <DIV style=3D"FONT: 10pt arial"><B>Sent:</B> Monday, June 04, 2001 =
9:58 AM</DIV>
  <DIV style=3D"FONT: 10pt arial"><B>Subject:</B> Re: PIM-SM gated=20
  implementation</DIV>
  <DIV><BR></DIV>Check for "draft-helmy-pim-sm-implem-00.ps" on the net. =

  <BR>thanks <BR>radha=20
  <P>mistkhan wrote:=20
  <BLOCKQUOTE TYPE=3D"CITE">Hi=20
    <P>I am learner in PIM. I am going through gated implementation of =
PIM-SM=20
    ver 1.52. I am not able to get the implementation details.Does =
anyone has=20
    the implementation information. Can anyone help me in this regard.=20
    <BR>&nbsp; <BR>&nbsp;=20
    <P>regards=20
    <P>Aman <BR>
    <HR>
    <FONT face=3DArial><FONT size=3D-1><B>Get Your Private, Free E-mail =
from=20
    Indiatimes at </B><A=20
    =
href=3D"http://email.indiatimes.com">http://email.indiatimes.com</A></FON=
T></FONT></BLOCKQUOTE><BR>&nbsp;=20
</BLOCKQUOTE></BODY></HTML>

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From owner-pim@catarina.usc.edu  Mon Jun  4 02:51:28 2001
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From: "Jyotheeswara Rao Kurma" <jyotheeswara.rao@wipro.com>
To: pim@catarina.usc.edu
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Hi All :

   How is an Assert message classified as being (*,G ) or (S,G )
assert , is it based on the combination of group address, and source 
address fields or based on R bit. If it is based on group address and 
source address fileds , how exacltly is this done ?


In any case how exactly this is done.
Thanks for any info,
Jyotheesh

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From owner-pim@catarina.usc.edu  Mon Jun  4 06:26:22 2001
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From: "K.P.Ramamurthy" <ramamurthy.pani@wipro.com>
To: <pim@catarina.usc.edu>
Cc: <ramamurthy.pani@wipro.com>
Subject: How to disable DR election on an interface ?
Date: Mon, 4 Jun 2001 15:17:04 +0530
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Hi,
  Every PIM router is potentially capable of becoming a DR on any of the
multicast capable interfaces present in the router, since the router
participates
in the DR election implicitly on all interfaces. Is it mandatory that a PIM
router
MUST be *capable* of becoming the DR on any given interface if its
priority/address permits? is it possible to disable DR capabilities on any
interface ??
can this be achieved by NOT sending PIM-HELLO packets on the interface that
does
not desire DR capabilities ??.

  best regards and thanks
   Ramamurthy.K.P





From owner-pim@catarina.usc.edu  Mon Jun  4 06:29:00 2001
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From: "K.P.Ramamurthy" <ramamurthy.pani@wipro.com>
To: <pim@catarina.usc.edu>
Subject: Graceful shutdown of BSR / C-RP ?
Date: Mon, 4 Jun 2001 15:28:54 +0530
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Hi ,
   when an interface goes down or changes IP address, a hello message with a
*ZERO* HOLDTIME is sent immediately, thus enabling the PIM neighbors on that
interface to remove this neighbor immediately,

             >         is such a thing possible when a Candidate-RP is being
shutdown, i.e. can the candidate-RP send a C-RP-ADV message with *ZERO* hold
time
to indicate its going down immediately to the BSR of the domain.

             >         on similar lines how can a Elected BSR which is being
shutdown indicate proactively before BS_TIMEOUT to the other candidate BSRs
of the
domain. Sending a BSM with very low priority will not achieve the desired
result,
any other means available ?

           best regards and thanks
         K.P.Ramamurthy





From owner-pim@catarina.usc.edu  Mon Jun  4 11:45:14 2001
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To: "K.P.Ramamurthy" <ramamurthy.pani@wipro.com>
cc: pim@catarina.usc.edu
Subject: Re: How to disable DR election on an interface ? 
In-reply-to: Your message of "Mon, 04 Jun 2001 15:17:04 +0530."
             <KAENJAEEOLEFENODBGPFKEHHCBAA.ramamurthy.pani@wipro.com> 
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>  Every PIM router is potentially capable of becoming a DR on any of the
>multicast capable interfaces present in the router, since the router
>participates
>in the DR election implicitly on all interfaces. Is it mandatory that a PIM
>router
>MUST be *capable* of becoming the DR on any given interface if its
>priority/address permits? is it possible to disable DR capabilities on any
>interface ??

I think that would most likely result in traffic being blackholed in
such a wide range of cases that I'd strongly advise against such a
configuration option.

 - Mark


From owner-pim@catarina.usc.edu  Mon Jun  4 11:55:10 2001
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From: Mark Handley <mjh@aciri.org>
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To: "K.P.Ramamurthy" <ramamurthy.pani@wipro.com>
cc: pim@catarina.usc.edu
Subject: Re: Graceful shutdown of BSR / C-RP ? 
In-reply-to: Your message of "Mon, 04 Jun 2001 15:28:54 +0530."
             <KAENJAEEOLEFENODBGPFGEHICBAA.ramamurthy.pani@wipro.com> 
Date: Mon, 04 Jun 2001 08:31:43 -0700
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>   when an interface goes down or changes IP address, a hello message with a
>*ZERO* HOLDTIME is sent immediately, thus enabling the PIM neighbors on that
>interface to remove this neighbor immediately,
>
>             >         is such a thing possible when a Candidate-RP is being
>shutdown, i.e. can the candidate-RP send a C-RP-ADV message with *ZERO* hold
>time
>to indicate its going down immediately to the BSR of the domain.
>
>             >         on similar lines how can a Elected BSR which is being
>shutdown indicate proactively before BS_TIMEOUT to the other candidate BSRs
>of the
>domain. Sending a BSM with very low priority will not achieve the desired
>result,
>any other means available ?

I think this is in the new version of the BSR spec (not yet released).
It may even have been in the last version - we discussed it in the
meeting at the last IETF.

 - Mark


From owner-pim@catarina.usc.edu  Mon Jun  4 12:16:14 2001
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To: "Jyotheeswara Rao Kurma" <jyotheeswara.rao@wipro.com>
cc: pim@catarina.usc.edu
Subject: Re: R bit in Assert message 
In-reply-to: Your message of "Mon, 04 Jun 2001 11:36:38 +0500."
             <601bb5ebf1.5ebf1601bb@wipro.com> 
Date: Mon, 04 Jun 2001 08:57:07 -0700
From: Isidor Kouvelas <kouvelas@cisco.com>
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"Jyotheeswara Rao Kurma" writes:
>Hi All :
>
>   How is an Assert message classified as being (*,G ) or (S,G )
>assert , is it based on the combination of group address, and source 
>address fields or based on R bit. If it is based on group address and 
>source address fileds , how exacltly is this done ?

It is based on the R bit setting. The R bit is set for (*,G) asserts.
We are in the process of adding a description to the packet format
section.

thanks
I


From owner-pim@catarina.usc.edu  Mon Jun  4 12:18:39 2001
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From: "K.P.Ramamurthy" <ramamurthy.pani@wipro.com>
To: <pim@catarina.usc.edu>
Subject: displaced fragments of BSM ?
Date: Mon, 4 Jun 2001 18:55:00 +0530
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Hi,
   How is the router expected to process displaced BSM fragments that arrive
out of sequence, and interleaved BSM fragments .
         best regards and thanks
        Ram



From owner-pim@catarina.usc.edu  Mon Jun  4 14:46:30 2001
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Subject: Gated Implementation
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Hi


Anyone have Eddy's Gated 3.5 implementation documentation. Can anyone tell me some information about GateD implementation.


Thanking in advance


Regards


Aman


 


 
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<P>Hi</P>
<P>Anyone have Eddy's Gated 3.5 implementation documentation. Can anyone tell me some information about GateD implementation.</P>
<P>Thanking in advance</P>
<P>Regards</P>
<P>Aman</P>
<P>&nbsp;</P>
<P>&nbsp;</P>
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From owner-pim@catarina.usc.edu  Mon Jun  4 15:32:24 2001
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To: ramamurthy.pani@wipro.com
Subject: Re: How to disable DR election on an interface ?
Cc: pim@catarina.usc.edu
Date: Mon, 4 Jun 2001 12:14:28 -0700
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If you don't send HELLO messages, then your upstream neighbor will
discard Join/Prune messages from you.  I guess this isn't in the spec,
but it should be.  (General rule: don't send messages to and don't
accept messages from people that you don't have a HELLO relationship
with).

If all routers on the link support DR priority, then advertising a
DR priority of zero will cause you to only become the DR if all
routers on the link are advertising a DR priority of zero.  However,
if not all routers support DR priority then the only way you can
affect the DR election is by configuring the system with a low IP
address.

  Bill


From owner-pim@catarina.usc.edu  Mon Jun  4 16:58:03 2001
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Subject: Re: Gated Implementation
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Yes, i can.  The implementation was written to a version of gated
(5.0?), that has licencing issues.  Some form of it is now being
sold/licenced by NextHop, i think.

the usc implementation of pim is available, however, it'd have to be
ported to some available routing suite.  The code is quite old based
on rfc2362, more or less.

- rusty

previously from mistkhan:
> Hi
> 
> 
> Anyone have Eddy's Gated 3.5 implementation documentation. Can anyone tell me some information about GateD implementation.
> 
> 
> Thanking in advance
> 
> 
> Regards
> 
> 
> Aman
> 


From owner-pim@catarina.usc.edu  Mon Jun  4 17:05:16 2001
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In-reply-to: <200106041914.MAA04247@windsor.research.att.com> (message from
	Bill Fenner on Mon, 4 Jun 2001 12:14:28 -0700)
Subject: Re: How to disable DR election on an interface ?
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>> If you don't send HELLO messages, then your upstream neighbor will
>> discard Join/Prune messages from you.  I guess this isn't in the spec,
>> but it should be.  (General rule: don't send messages to and don't
>> accept messages from people that you don't have a HELLO relationship
>> with).

    I can understand not sending Join/Prune mesasges to a router which 
    you haven't received Hello messages from because they may not be
    a PIM router (unicast/multicast topology incongruence). But why not 
    accept Join/Prune messages from a router that hasn't sent a Hello. 
    Seems overly restrictive.

Dino



From owner-pim@catarina.usc.edu  Mon Jun  4 18:01:32 2001
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>    why not 
>    accept Join/Prune messages from a router that hasn't sent a Hello. 

Because there may be options in the Hello message that need to be
consistent (e.g. join/prune override time).  e.g. if you're the DR and
you hear a Join/Prune from a router with a higher IP address, do you
decide that he's the DR?  Why or why not?

What I'd really like is for the Hello messages to have neighbor lists
and ignore a neighbor until you get a Hello message with you in his
neighbor list, but that got shot down a long time ago.  It's much nicer
for debugging purposes for the peering to go down on both ends than to
have a mysteriously one-way peering.

  Bill


From owner-pim@catarina.usc.edu  Mon Jun  4 18:19:34 2001
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In-reply-to: <200106042145.OAA06550@windsor.research.att.com> (message from
	Bill Fenner on Mon, 4 Jun 2001 14:45:50 -0700)
Subject: Re: How to disable DR election on an interface ?
References: <200106041914.MAA04247@windsor.research.att.com> <200106042050.NAA23675@dino-pc.procket.com> <200106042145.OAA06550@windsor.research.att.com>
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>> Because there may be options in the Hello message that need to be
>> consistent (e.g. join/prune override time).  e.g. if you're the DR and
>> you hear a Join/Prune from a router with a higher IP address, do you
>> decide that he's the DR?  Why or why not?

    According to the current specs, you are DR because you haven't heard a
    Hello from the joiner. So you should decide nothing.

    Since there are implementations now that don't require this "Hello-before
    -accept" behavior, why make it required when there is currently no such 
    consistency option.

Dino


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Subject: Re: How to disable DR election on an interface ?
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>    Since there are implementations now that don't require this "Hello-before
>    -accept" behavior, why make it required when there is currently no such 
>    consistency option.

Because it's backwards compatible (older implementations are required to
send Hellos) and improves consistency.  However, it does increase
convergence time in the restart case, so it's not a completely obvious
tradeoff; it's something we need to think about more.

  Bill


From owner-pim@catarina.usc.edu  Mon Jun  4 20:08:20 2001
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Message-ID: <4F48C7B31A8BD311B1D20090279C34B25BB196@clavin>
From: Chris Hall <Chris.Hall@windriver.com>
To: "'Bill Fenner'" <fenner@research.att.com>, dino@procket.com
Cc: pim@catarina.usc.edu
Subject: RE: How to disable DR election on an interface ?
Date: Mon, 4 Jun 2001 16:56:37 -0700 
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Which implementations actually reject joinprune messages from neighbors that
don't have hello status?

thanks

Chris


-----Original Message-----
From: Bill Fenner [mailto:fenner@research.att.com]
Sent: Monday, June 04, 2001 2:46 PM
To: dino@procket.com
Cc: pim@catarina.usc.edu
Subject: Re: How to disable DR election on an interface ?



>    why not 
>    accept Join/Prune messages from a router that hasn't sent a Hello. 

Because there may be options in the Hello message that need to be
consistent (e.g. join/prune override time).  e.g. if you're the DR and
you hear a Join/Prune from a router with a higher IP address, do you
decide that he's the DR?  Why or why not?

What I'd really like is for the Hello messages to have neighbor lists
and ignore a neighbor until you get a Hello message with you in his
neighbor list, but that got shot down a long time ago.  It's much nicer
for debugging purposes for the peering to go down on both ends than to
have a mysteriously one-way peering.

  Bill


From owner-pim@catarina.usc.edu  Mon Jun  4 22:38:33 2001
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To: Chris Hall <Chris.Hall@windriver.com>
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        pim@catarina.usc.edu, pusateri@juniper.net
Subject: Re: How to disable DR election on an interface ? 
In-Reply-To: Message from Chris Hall <Chris.Hall@windriver.com> 
   of "Mon, 04 Jun 2001 16:56:37 PDT." <4F48C7B31A8BD311B1D20090279C34B25BB196@clavin> 
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Currently, Juniper ignores joins, prunes, grafts, graft acks,
bootstrap messages and asserts from neighbors it hasn't seen a hello from.

Tom

In message <4F48C7B31A8BD311B1D20090279C34B25BB196@clavin> you write:
>Which implementations actually reject joinprune messages from neighbors that
>don't have hello status?
>
>thanks
>
>Chris
>
>
>-----Original Message-----
>From: Bill Fenner [mailto:fenner@research.att.com]
>Sent: Monday, June 04, 2001 2:46 PM
>To: dino@procket.com
>Cc: pim@catarina.usc.edu
>Subject: Re: How to disable DR election on an interface ?
>
>
>
>>    why not 
>>    accept Join/Prune messages from a router that hasn't sent a Hello. 
>
>Because there may be options in the Hello message that need to be
>consistent (e.g. join/prune override time).  e.g. if you're the DR and
>you hear a Join/Prune from a router with a higher IP address, do you
>decide that he's the DR?  Why or why not?
>
>What I'd really like is for the Hello messages to have neighbor lists
>and ignore a neighbor until you get a Hello message with you in his
>neighbor list, but that got shot down a long time ago.  It's much nicer
>for debugging purposes for the peering to go down on both ends than to
>have a mysteriously one-way peering.
>
>  Bill


From owner-pim@catarina.usc.edu  Tue Jun  5 01:00:48 2001
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From: Rahul Bahadur <bahadur@iprg.nokia.com>
To: Chris Hall <Chris.Hall@windriver.com>
cc: "'Bill Fenner'" <fenner@research.att.com>, dino@procket.com,
        pim@catarina.usc.edu
Subject: RE: How to disable DR election on an interface ?
In-Reply-To: <4F48C7B31A8BD311B1D20090279C34B25BB196@clavin>
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Nokia ignores joinprune messages from neighbors with no hello
status.

Rahul


On Mon, 4 Jun 2001, Chris Hall wrote:

> Which implementations actually reject joinprune messages from neighbors that
> don't have hello status?
> 
> thanks
> 
> Chris
> 
> 
> -----Original Message-----
> From: Bill Fenner [mailto:fenner@research.att.com]
> Sent: Monday, June 04, 2001 2:46 PM
> To: dino@procket.com
> Cc: pim@catarina.usc.edu
> Subject: Re: How to disable DR election on an interface ?
> 
> 
> 
> >    why not 
> >    accept Join/Prune messages from a router that hasn't sent a Hello. 
> 
> Because there may be options in the Hello message that need to be
> consistent (e.g. join/prune override time).  e.g. if you're the DR and
> you hear a Join/Prune from a router with a higher IP address, do you
> decide that he's the DR?  Why or why not?
> 
> What I'd really like is for the Hello messages to have neighbor lists
> and ignore a neighbor until you get a Hello message with you in his
> neighbor list, but that got shot down a long time ago.  It's much nicer
> for debugging purposes for the peering to go down on both ends than to
> have a mysteriously one-way peering.
> 
>   Bill
> 



From owner-pim@catarina.usc.edu  Tue Jun  5 08:11:52 2001
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Gated _accepts_ joinprune messages from neighbors that don't have hello 
status.

-Andy

Chris Hall wrote:
> 
> Which implementations actually reject joinprune messages from neighbors that
> don't have hello status?
> 
> thanks
> 
> Chris
> 
> -----Original Message-----
> From: Bill Fenner [mailto:fenner@research.att.com]
> Sent: Monday, June 04, 2001 2:46 PM
> To: dino@procket.com
> Cc: pim@catarina.usc.edu
> Subject: Re: How to disable DR election on an interface ?
> 
> >    why not
> >    accept Join/Prune messages from a router that hasn't sent a Hello.
> 
> Because there may be options in the Hello message that need to be
> consistent (e.g. join/prune override time).  e.g. if you're the DR and
> you hear a Join/Prune from a router with a higher IP address, do you
> decide that he's the DR?  Why or why not?
> 
> What I'd really like is for the Hello messages to have neighbor lists
> and ignore a neighbor until you get a Hello message with you in his
> neighbor list, but that got shot down a long time ago.  It's much nicer
> for debugging purposes for the peering to go down on both ends than to
> have a mysteriously one-way peering.
> 
>   Bill


From owner-pim@catarina.usc.edu  Tue Jun  5 09:24:19 2001
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From: "K.P.Ramamurthy" <ramamurthy.pani@wipro.com>
To: <pim@catarina.usc.edu>
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Subject: BSM fragmentation ? 
Date: Tue, 5 Jun 2001 17:06:55 +0530
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Hi,
   Bootstrap message fragments can potentially arrive out of sequence or
interleaved
with other BS messages, how to handle this ?
         regards and thanks
         Ram



From owner-pim@catarina.usc.edu  Tue Jun  5 14:38:36 2001
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From: Mathur Sonum-CSM109 <sonum@motorola.com>
To: pim@catarina.usc.edu
Subject: RE: How to disable DR election on an interface ?
Date: Tue, 5 Jun 2001 13:15:57 -0500 
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Motorola accepts Join/Prune messages from neighbors that are not present in the PIM neighbor list.

--
Sonum

-----Original Message-----
From: Andrew Adams [mailto:ala@nexthop.com]
Sent: Tuesday, June 05, 2001 4:43 AM
To: Chris Hall
Cc: 'Bill Fenner'; dino@procket.com; pim@catarina.usc.edu
Subject: Re: How to disable DR election on an interface ?



Gated _accepts_ joinprune messages from neighbors that don't have hello 
status.

-Andy

Chris Hall wrote:
> 
> Which implementations actually reject joinprune messages from neighbors that
> don't have hello status?
> 
> thanks
> 
> Chris
> 
> -----Original Message-----
> From: Bill Fenner [mailto:fenner@research.att.com]
> Sent: Monday, June 04, 2001 2:46 PM
> To: dino@procket.com
> Cc: pim@catarina.usc.edu
> Subject: Re: How to disable DR election on an interface ?
> 
> >    why not
> >    accept Join/Prune messages from a router that hasn't sent a Hello.
> 
> Because there may be options in the Hello message that need to be
> consistent (e.g. join/prune override time).  e.g. if you're the DR and
> you hear a Join/Prune from a router with a higher IP address, do you
> decide that he's the DR?  Why or why not?
> 
> What I'd really like is for the Hello messages to have neighbor lists
> and ignore a neighbor until you get a Hello message with you in his
> neighbor list, but that got shot down a long time ago.  It's much nicer
> for debugging purposes for the peering to go down on both ends than to
> have a mysteriously one-way peering.
> 
>   Bill


From owner-pim@catarina.usc.edu  Tue Jun  5 16:45:00 2001
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From: "mistkhan" <mistkhan@indiatimes.com>
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To: <pim@catarina.usc.edu>
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Subject: PIM-SM code
Date: Wed, 06 Jun 2001 01:37:33 +0530
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HI,


Is PIM implemented for Free BSD. If so where it is available.


Thanking you in advance


Regards


Aman
Get Your Private, Free E-mail from Indiatimes at  http://email.indiatimes.com

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<P>HI,</P>
<P>Is PIM implemented for Free BSD. If so where it is available.</P>
<P>Thanking you in advance</P>
<P>Regards</P>
<P>Aman</P>
<hr><font face="Arial" size="2"><b>Get Your Private, Free E-mail from Indiatimes at  </font><a href="http://email.indiatimes.com"><font face="Arial" size="2">http://email.indiatimes.com</font></a></b>

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From owner-pim@catarina.usc.edu  Tue Jun  5 18:58:20 2001
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Message-ID: <4F48C7B31A8BD311B1D20090279C34B25BB1B0@clavin>
From: Chris Hall <Chris.Hall@windriver.com>
To: "'Mathur Sonum-CSM109'" <sonum@motorola.com>, pim@catarina.usc.edu
Subject: RE: How to disable DR election on an interface ?
Date: Tue, 5 Jun 2001 15:40:11 -0700 
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oops...  

So does Wind River.

Chris

-----Original Message-----
From: Mathur Sonum-CSM109 [mailto:sonum@motorola.com]
Sent: Tuesday, June 05, 2001 11:16 AM
To: pim@catarina.usc.edu
Subject: RE: How to disable DR election on an interface ?



Motorola accepts Join/Prune messages from neighbors that are not present in
the PIM neighbor list.

--
Sonum

-----Original Message-----
From: Andrew Adams [mailto:ala@nexthop.com]
Sent: Tuesday, June 05, 2001 4:43 AM
To: Chris Hall
Cc: 'Bill Fenner'; dino@procket.com; pim@catarina.usc.edu
Subject: Re: How to disable DR election on an interface ?



Gated _accepts_ joinprune messages from neighbors that don't have hello 
status.

-Andy

Chris Hall wrote:
> 
> Which implementations actually reject joinprune messages from neighbors
that
> don't have hello status?
> 
> thanks
> 
> Chris
> 
> -----Original Message-----
> From: Bill Fenner [mailto:fenner@research.att.com]
> Sent: Monday, June 04, 2001 2:46 PM
> To: dino@procket.com
> Cc: pim@catarina.usc.edu
> Subject: Re: How to disable DR election on an interface ?
> 
> >    why not
> >    accept Join/Prune messages from a router that hasn't sent a Hello.
> 
> Because there may be options in the Hello message that need to be
> consistent (e.g. join/prune override time).  e.g. if you're the DR and
> you hear a Join/Prune from a router with a higher IP address, do you
> decide that he's the DR?  Why or why not?
> 
> What I'd really like is for the Hello messages to have neighbor lists
> and ignore a neighbor until you get a Hello message with you in his
> neighbor list, but that got shot down a long time ago.  It's much nicer
> for debugging purposes for the peering to go down on both ends than to
> have a mysteriously one-way peering.
> 
>   Bill


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From: "Sundeep Singatwaria" <ssingatw@nortelnetworks.com>
To: "'Tom Pusateri'" <pusateri@juniper.net>,
        Chris Hall <Chris.Hall@windriver.com>
Cc: "'Bill Fenner'" <fenner@research.att.com>, dino@procket.com,
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ditto at nortel.

Sundeep

-----Original Message-----
From: Tom Pusateri [mailto:pusateri@juniper.net]
Sent: Monday, June 04, 2001 7:26 PM
To: Chris Hall
Cc: 'Bill Fenner'; dino@procket.com; pim@catarina.usc.edu;
pusateri@juniper.net
Subject: Re: How to disable DR election on an interface ?


Currently, Juniper ignores joins, prunes, grafts, graft acks,
bootstrap messages and asserts from neighbors it hasn't seen a hello from.

Tom

In message <4F48C7B31A8BD311B1D20090279C34B25BB196@clavin> you write:
>Which implementations actually reject joinprune messages from neighbors
that
>don't have hello status?
>
>thanks
>
>Chris
>
>
>-----Original Message-----
>From: Bill Fenner [mailto:fenner@research.att.com]
>Sent: Monday, June 04, 2001 2:46 PM
>To: dino@procket.com
>Cc: pim@catarina.usc.edu
>Subject: Re: How to disable DR election on an interface ?
>
>
>
>>    why not 
>>    accept Join/Prune messages from a router that hasn't sent a Hello. 
>
>Because there may be options in the Hello message that need to be
>consistent (e.g. join/prune override time).  e.g. if you're the DR and
>you hear a Join/Prune from a router with a higher IP address, do you
>decide that he's the DR?  Why or why not?
>
>What I'd really like is for the Hello messages to have neighbor lists
>and ignore a neighbor until you get a Hello message with you in his
>neighbor list, but that got shot down a long time ago.  It's much nicer
>for debugging purposes for the peering to go down on both ends than to
>have a mysteriously one-way peering.
>
>  Bill

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<BR>

<P><FONT SIZE=2>ditto at nortel.</FONT>
</P>

<P><FONT SIZE=2>Sundeep</FONT>
</P>

<P><FONT SIZE=2>-----Original Message-----</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=2>From: Tom Pusateri [<A HREF="mailto:pusateri@juniper.net">mailto:pusateri@juniper.net</A>]</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=2>Sent: Monday, June 04, 2001 7:26 PM</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=2>To: Chris Hall</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=2>Cc: 'Bill Fenner'; dino@procket.com; pim@catarina.usc.edu;</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=2>pusateri@juniper.net</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=2>Subject: Re: How to disable DR election on an interface ?</FONT>
</P>
<BR>

<P><FONT SIZE=2>Currently, Juniper ignores joins, prunes, grafts, graft acks,</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=2>bootstrap messages and asserts from neighbors it hasn't seen a hello from.</FONT>
</P>

<P><FONT SIZE=2>Tom</FONT>
</P>

<P><FONT SIZE=2>In message &lt;4F48C7B31A8BD311B1D20090279C34B25BB196@clavin&gt; you write:</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=2>&gt;Which implementations actually reject joinprune messages from neighbors that</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=2>&gt;don't have hello status?</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=2>&gt;</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=2>&gt;thanks</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=2>&gt;</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=2>&gt;Chris</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=2>&gt;</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=2>&gt;</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=2>&gt;-----Original Message-----</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=2>&gt;From: Bill Fenner [<A HREF="mailto:fenner@research.att.com">mailto:fenner@research.att.com</A>]</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=2>&gt;Sent: Monday, June 04, 2001 2:46 PM</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=2>&gt;To: dino@procket.com</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=2>&gt;Cc: pim@catarina.usc.edu</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=2>&gt;Subject: Re: How to disable DR election on an interface ?</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=2>&gt;</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=2>&gt;</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=2>&gt;</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=2>&gt;&gt;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; why not </FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=2>&gt;&gt;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; accept Join/Prune messages from a router that hasn't sent a Hello. </FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=2>&gt;</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=2>&gt;Because there may be options in the Hello message that need to be</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=2>&gt;consistent (e.g. join/prune override time).&nbsp; e.g. if you're the DR and</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=2>&gt;you hear a Join/Prune from a router with a higher IP address, do you</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=2>&gt;decide that he's the DR?&nbsp; Why or why not?</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=2>&gt;</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=2>&gt;What I'd really like is for the Hello messages to have neighbor lists</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=2>&gt;and ignore a neighbor until you get a Hello message with you in his</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=2>&gt;neighbor list, but that got shot down a long time ago.&nbsp; It's much nicer</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=2>&gt;for debugging purposes for the peering to go down on both ends than to</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=2>&gt;have a mysteriously one-way peering.</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=2>&gt;</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=2>&gt;&nbsp; Bill</FONT>
</P>

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From owner-pim@catarina.usc.edu  Wed Jun  6 01:50:27 2001
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From: "mistkhan" <mistkhan@indiatimes.com>
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To: <pim@catarina.usc.edu>
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Subject: FreeBSD code
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Hi


Is PIM-SM has been implemented in FreeBSD. If so where can I get the code.


Regards


Aman


 
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<P>Hi</P>
<P>Is PIM-SM has been implemented in FreeBSD. If so where can I get the code.</P>
<P>Regards</P>
<P>Aman</P>
<P>&nbsp;</P>
<hr><font face="Arial" size="2"><b>Get Your Private, Free E-mail from Indiatimes at  </font><a href="http://email.indiatimes.com"><font face="Arial" size="2">http://email.indiatimes.com</font></a></b>

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From owner-pim@catarina.usc.edu  Wed Jun  6 08:44:33 2001
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From: "Jyotheeswara Rao Kurma" <jyotheeswara.rao@wipro.com>
To: pim@catarina.usc.edu
Message-ID: <76a4e75d05.75d0576a4e@wipro.com>
Date: Wed, 06 Jun 2001 17:21:45 +0500
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Hi All :

      Is the Spt switch over process due to data/packet threshold 
exceeding , i.e upon seeing a good flow of data from a specific source, 
is discussed somewhere in the new draft 
 draft-ietf-pim-sm-v2-new-02  ? 

I guess, pim-sm has this advantage of switching over , but I couldn't 
find it in the draft ? Is it internally implied ? or missing ? 

Thanks for any info.
Jyotheesh 

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From: "brahmeswara reddy  kauluru" <brahmeswara.reddy@wipro.com>
To: "mistkhan" <mistkhan@indiatimes.com>, <pim@catarina.usc.edu>
Subject: RE: FreeBSD code
Date: Wed, 6 Jun 2001 14:20:38 +0530
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Hi,
    The code is available here:
ftp://catarina.usc.edu/pub/pim/pimd/


Rgds
Reddy

-----Original Message-----
From: owner-pim-implementors@catarina.usc.edu
[mailto:owner-pim-implementors@catarina.usc.edu]On Behalf Of mistkhan
Sent: Wednesday, June 06, 2001 10:38 AM
To: pim@catarina.usc.edu
Subject: FreeBSD code


Hi

Is PIM-SM has been implemented in FreeBSD. If so where can I get the code.

Regards

Aman




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<META content=3D"MSHTML 5.00.2014.210" name=3DGENERATOR></HEAD>
<BODY>
<DIV><FONT color=3D#0000ff face=3DArial size=3D2><SPAN=20
class=3D630063908-06062001>Hi,</SPAN></FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT color=3D#0000ff face=3DArial size=3D2><SPAN=20
class=3D630063908-06062001>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; The code is available=20
here:</SPAN></FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT color=3D#0000ff face=3DArial size=3D2><A=20
href=3D"ftp://catarina.usc.edu/pub/pim/pimd/">ftp://catarina.usc.edu/pub/=
pim/pimd/</A></FONT></DIV>
<DIV>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV><FONT color=3D#0000ff face=3DArial size=3D2><SPAN=20
class=3D630063908-06062001>Rgds</SPAN></FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT color=3D#0000ff face=3DArial size=3D2><SPAN=20
class=3D630063908-06062001>Reddy</SPAN></FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT color=3D#0000ff face=3DArial size=3D2><SPAN=20
class=3D630063908-06062001></SPAN></FONT>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV class=3DOutlookMessageHeader><FONT face=3D"Times New Roman"=20
size=3D2>-----Original Message-----<BR><B>From:</B>=20
owner-pim-implementors@catarina.usc.edu=20
[mailto:owner-pim-implementors@catarina.usc.edu]<B>On Behalf Of</B>=20
mistkhan<BR><B>Sent:</B> Wednesday, June 06, 2001 10:38 AM<BR><B>To:</B> =

pim@catarina.usc.edu<BR><B>Subject:</B> FreeBSD =
code<BR><BR></FONT></DIV>
<P>Hi</P>
<P>Is PIM-SM has been implemented in FreeBSD. If so where can I get the=20
code.</P>
<P>Regards</P>
<P>Aman</P>
<P>&nbsp;</P>
<HR>
<FONT face=3DArial size=3D2><B>Get Your Private, Free E-mail from =
Indiatimes at=20
</FONT><A href=3D"http://email.indiatimes.com"><FONT face=3DArial=20
size=3D2>http://email.indiatimes.com</FONT></A></B> </BODY></HTML>

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From owner-pim@catarina.usc.edu  Wed Jun  6 14:01:16 2001
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To: "Jyotheeswara Rao Kurma" <jyotheeswara.rao@wipro.com>
cc: pim@catarina.usc.edu
Subject: Re: SPT switch over due to data threshold 
Date: Wed, 06 Jun 2001 10:23:41 -0700
From: Isidor Kouvelas <kouvelas@cisco.com>
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We are in the process of adding the description to the spec. Will
be in the next version.

thanks
I

"Jyotheeswara Rao Kurma" writes:
>Hi All :
>
>      Is the Spt switch over process due to data/packet threshold 
>exceeding , i.e upon seeing a good flow of data from a specific source, 
>is discussed somewhere in the new draft 
> draft-ietf-pim-sm-v2-new-02  ? 
>
>I guess, pim-sm has this advantage of switching over , but I couldn't 
>find it in the draft ? Is it internally implied ? or missing ? 
>
>Thanks for any info.
>Jyotheesh 
>
>--------------------------------------------------------------------
>Every moment is a golden one for him who has the vision to recognize it 
>as such. 
>-- Henry Miller 
>
>


From owner-pim@catarina.usc.edu  Thu Jun  7 07:06:53 2001
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From: "Radhakrishna Singuru" <radhakrishna.singuru@wipro.com>
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To: Isidor Kouvelas <kouvelas@cisco.com>
CC: Jyotheeswara Rao Kurma <jyotheeswara.rao@wipro.com>, pim@catarina.usc.edu
Subject: Re: SPT switch over due to data threshold
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What is the planned date for next version spec release ?
thanks
radha

Isidor Kouvelas wrote:

> We are in the process of adding the description to the spec. Will
> be in the next version.
>
> thanks
> I
>
> "Jyotheeswara Rao Kurma" writes:
> >Hi All :
> >
> >      Is the Spt switch over process due to data/packet threshold
> >exceeding , i.e upon seeing a good flow of data from a specific source,
> >is discussed somewhere in the new draft
> > draft-ietf-pim-sm-v2-new-02  ?
> >
> >I guess, pim-sm has this advantage of switching over , but I couldn't
> >find it in the draft ? Is it internally implied ? or missing ?
> >
> >Thanks for any info.
> >Jyotheesh
> >
> >--------------------------------------------------------------------
> >Every moment is a golden one for him who has the vision to recognize it
> >as such.
> >-- Henry Miller
> >
> >



From owner-pim@catarina.usc.edu  Thu Jun  7 11:45:43 2001
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From: Eugene Zetserov <EugeneZ@radlan.com>
To: "'pim@catarina.usc.edu'" <pim@catarina.usc.edu>
Subject: Forwarding on a not PIM interface.
Date: Thu, 7 Jun 2001 18:22:11 +0200 
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Hi everyone,

If somebody can clarify the following situation :

Whether the PIM-DM (or PIM SM) router MUST forward packet which comes from RPF but NOT PIM interface (the PIM is not configured on this interface).

Thanks.


From owner-pim@catarina.usc.edu  Thu Jun  7 12:14:43 2001
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From: "Jyotheeswara Rao Kurma" <jyotheeswara.rao@wipro.com>
To: pim@catarina.usc.edu, jyotheeswara.rao@wipro.com
Message-ID: <7ada181b63.81b637ada1@wipro.com>
Date: Thu, 07 Jun 2001 18:09:46 +0500
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Subject: Dr and  Non -DR
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Hi :

 I need a small clarification. Consider the following scenario.

  
            |
            |---- DR ---------PIM-ROUTER---PIMROUTER------|    
    Host--- |                                             |-----RP
            |---- NON-DR------PIM-ROUTER------------------|
            |

Now , DR will send initial register packets to RP, but RP will send
(S,G) Joins towards NON-DR (assuming better path), and this NON-DR will
start forwarding ( S(Host),G) packets from Host. When happens to DR
there ? How long will it maintian (S,G) register state ? 

Who will take care of refreshing Rp's state by sending Null register 
messages ? Is it DR/NON-DR ? 

Thanks for any help,
Jyotheesh
 
--------------------------------------------------------------------
Every moment is a golden one for him who has the vision to recognize it 
as such. 
-- Henry Miller 




From owner-pim@catarina.usc.edu  Thu Jun  7 12:49:22 2001
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To: "Radhakrishna Singuru" <radhakrishna.singuru@wipro.com>
cc: Isidor Kouvelas <kouvelas@cisco.com>,
        Jyotheeswara Rao Kurma <jyotheeswara.rao@wipro.com>,
        pim@catarina.usc.edu
Subject: Re: SPT switch over due to data threshold 
Date: Thu, 07 Jun 2001 09:25:15 -0700
From: Isidor Kouvelas <kouvelas@cisco.com>
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Before the London IETF...

I

"Radhakrishna Singuru" writes:
>What is the planned date for next version spec release ?
>thanks
>radha
>
>Isidor Kouvelas wrote:
>
>> We are in the process of adding the description to the spec. Will
>> be in the next version.
>>
>> thanks
>> I
>>
>> "Jyotheeswara Rao Kurma" writes:
>> >Hi All :
>> >
>> >      Is the Spt switch over process due to data/packet threshold
>> >exceeding , i.e upon seeing a good flow of data from a specific source,
>> >is discussed somewhere in the new draft
>> > draft-ietf-pim-sm-v2-new-02  ?
>> >
>> >I guess, pim-sm has this advantage of switching over , but I couldn't
>> >find it in the draft ? Is it internally implied ? or missing ?
>> >
>> >Thanks for any info.
>> >Jyotheesh
>> >
>> >--------------------------------------------------------------------
>> >Every moment is a golden one for him who has the vision to recognize it
>> >as such.
>> >-- Henry Miller
>> >
>> >
>


From owner-pim@catarina.usc.edu  Thu Jun  7 13:12:54 2001
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To: Eugene Zetserov <EugeneZ@radlan.com>
cc: "'pim@catarina.usc.edu'" <pim@catarina.usc.edu>
Subject: Re: Forwarding on a not PIM interface. 
In-reply-to: Your message of "Thu, 07 Jun 2001 18:22:11 +0200."
             <42AB6BE23C29D511831E0002B32024880EF930@MESSENGER> 
Date: Thu, 07 Jun 2001 09:56:36 -0700
From: Pavlin Ivanov Radoslavov <pavlin@catarina.usc.edu>
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> Hi everyone,
> 
> If somebody can clarify the following situation :
> 
> Whether the PIM-DM (or PIM SM) router MUST forward packet which comes from RPF but NOT PIM interface (the PIM is not configured on this interface).

If protocol X is not (explicitly or implicitly) configured to
run on some interface I, this protocol should completely ignore that
interface.

Of course, this is an answer based on principality, but are there
any concrete examples that can be used to prove me wrong here?

Regards,
Pavlin


From owner-pim@catarina.usc.edu  Thu Jun  7 13:56:44 2001
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From: Billy Ng <bng@riverdelta.com>
To: "'Jyotheeswara Rao Kurma'" <jyotheeswara.rao@wipro.com>,
        pim@catarina.usc.edu
Subject: RE: Dr and  Non -DR
Date: Thu, 7 Jun 2001 13:34:23 -0400 
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Jyotheesh,

when the RP received the native multicast data packet, 
it will send a Register-Stop to the DR.

--Billy

> -----Original Message-----
> From: Jyotheeswara Rao Kurma [mailto:jyotheeswara.rao@wipro.com]
> Sent: Thursday, June 07, 2001 8:10 AM
> To: pim@catarina.usc.edu; jyotheeswara.rao@wipro.com
> Subject: Dr and Non -DR
> 
> 
> Hi :
> 
>  I need a small clarification. Consider the following scenario.
> 
>   
>             |
>             |---- DR ---------PIM-ROUTER---PIMROUTER------|    
>     Host--- |                                             |-----RP
>             |---- NON-DR------PIM-ROUTER------------------|
>             |
> 
> Now , DR will send initial register packets to RP, but RP will send
> (S,G) Joins towards NON-DR (assuming better path), and this 
> NON-DR will
> start forwarding ( S(Host),G) packets from Host. When happens to DR
> there ? How long will it maintian (S,G) register state ? 
> 
> Who will take care of refreshing Rp's state by sending Null register 
> messages ? Is it DR/NON-DR ? 
> 
> Thanks for any help,
> Jyotheesh
>  
> --------------------------------------------------------------------
> Every moment is a golden one for him who has the vision to 
> recognize it 
> as such. 
> -- Henry Miller 
> 
> 


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To: "Jyotheeswara Rao Kurma" <jyotheeswara.rao@wipro.com>
cc: pim@catarina.usc.edu
Subject: Re: Dr and Non -DR 
In-reply-to: Your message of "Thu, 07 Jun 2001 18:09:46 +0500."
             <7ada181b63.81b637ada1@wipro.com> 
Date: Thu, 07 Jun 2001 10:44:52 -0700
From: Isidor Kouvelas <kouvelas@cisco.com>
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"Jyotheeswara Rao Kurma" writes:
>Hi :
>
> I need a small clarification. Consider the following scenario.
>
>  
>            |
>            |---- DR ---------PIM-ROUTER---PIMROUTER------|    
>    Host--- |                                             |-----RP
>            |---- NON-DR------PIM-ROUTER------------------|
>            |
>
>Now , DR will send initial register packets to RP, but RP will send
>(S,G) Joins towards NON-DR (assuming better path), and this NON-DR will
>start forwarding ( S(Host),G) packets from Host. When happens to DR
>there ? How long will it maintian (S,G) register state ? 

When the packets arrive on the (S,G) SPT at the RP, the RP will
consider the SPT for the source established and will respond to
further registers with register-stop messages.
The DR will stop registering after it receives the register-stop
but since it still is directly connected to the source, it will maintain
(S,G) state as long as the source is active.

>Who will take care of refreshing Rp's state by sending Null register 
>messages ? Is it DR/NON-DR ? 

The DR will send the null-registers.

thanks
I


From owner-pim@catarina.usc.edu  Thu Jun  7 14:08:34 2001
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Date: Thu, 7 Jun 2001 10:48:01 -0700 (PDT)
From: Rahul Bahadur <bahadur@iprg.nokia.com>
To: Jyotheeswara Rao Kurma <jyotheeswara.rao@wipro.com>
cc: pim@catarina.usc.edu
Subject: Re: Dr and  Non -DR
In-Reply-To: <7ada181b63.81b637ada1@wipro.com>
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I believe the non-DR will just propagate the joinprune message with
the DR as the upstream neighbor towards the host. 

Rahul


On Thu, 7 Jun 2001, Jyotheeswara Rao Kurma wrote:

> Hi :
> 
>  I need a small clarification. Consider the following scenario.
> 
>   
>             |
>             |---- DR ---------PIM-ROUTER---PIMROUTER------|    
>     Host--- |                                             |-----RP
>             |---- NON-DR------PIM-ROUTER------------------|
>             |
> 
> Now , DR will send initial register packets to RP, but RP will send
> (S,G) Joins towards NON-DR (assuming better path), and this NON-DR will
> start forwarding ( S(Host),G) packets from Host. When happens to DR
> there ? How long will it maintian (S,G) register state ? 
> 
> Who will take care of refreshing Rp's state by sending Null register 
> messages ? Is it DR/NON-DR ? 
> 
> Thanks for any help,
> Jyotheesh
>  
> --------------------------------------------------------------------
> Every moment is a golden one for him who has the vision to recognize it 
> as such. 
> -- Henry Miller 
> 
> 
> 



From owner-pim@catarina.usc.edu  Thu Jun  7 17:35:08 2001
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From: Rahul Bahadur <bahadur@iprg.nokia.com>
To: Jyotheeswara Rao Kurma <jyotheeswara.rao@wipro.com>
cc: pim@catarina.usc.edu
Subject: Re: Dr and  Non -DR
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oops, obviously not!  Need to drink more coffee before replying to email :).  
Apologies for the wasted bandwidth.

Rahul


On Thu, 7 Jun 2001, Rahul Bahadur wrote:

> 
> I believe the non-DR will just propagate the joinprune message with
> the DR as the upstream neighbor towards the host. 
> 
> Rahul
> 
> 
> On Thu, 7 Jun 2001, Jyotheeswara Rao Kurma wrote:
> 
> > Hi :
> > 
> >  I need a small clarification. Consider the following scenario.
> > 
> >   
> >             |
> >             |---- DR ---------PIM-ROUTER---PIMROUTER------|    
> >     Host--- |                                             |-----RP
> >             |---- NON-DR------PIM-ROUTER------------------|
> >             |
> > 
> > Now , DR will send initial register packets to RP, but RP will send
> > (S,G) Joins towards NON-DR (assuming better path), and this NON-DR will
> > start forwarding ( S(Host),G) packets from Host. When happens to DR
> > there ? How long will it maintian (S,G) register state ? 
> > 
> > Who will take care of refreshing Rp's state by sending Null register 
> > messages ? Is it DR/NON-DR ? 
> > 
> > Thanks for any help,
> > Jyotheesh
> >  
> > --------------------------------------------------------------------
> > Every moment is a golden one for him who has the vision to recognize it 
> > as such. 
> > -- Henry Miller 
> > 
> > 
> > 
> 
> 



From owner-pim@catarina.usc.edu  Fri Jun  8 00:32:44 2001
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From: "Jyotheeswara Rao Kurma" <jyotheeswara.rao@wipro.com>
To: Isidor Kouvelas <kouvelas@cisco.com>
Cc: pim@catarina.usc.edu
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Date: Fri, 08 Jun 2001 08:58:30 +0500
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> When the packets arrive on the (S,G) SPT at the RP, the RP will
> consider the SPT for the source established and will respond to
> further registers with register-stop messages.
> The DR will stop registering after it receives the register-stop
> but since it still is directly connected to the source, it will 
> maintain(S,G) state as long as the source is active.
> 
> The DR will send the null-registers.

Yes, I could Understand what you wrote. But What I am wondering is
why is DR there interested in sending register stops, to RP, anyway for
DR here (S,G) oif-list will be always non-null ( assuming no other 
receivers , and just considering this simple case), and NON-DR's 
(S,G) oif-list will contain RPF(RP) . So in any case, if at all if 
there is something that let's a router to refresh RP's state, i.e to 
know whether it has any down stream receivers for this group , it 
should be done by a router which is actually forwarding those (S,G) 
packets, here in this case it is NON-DR. 

Please let me know if I am misunderstanding anything ?

Thanks,
Jyotheesh






From owner-pim@catarina.usc.edu  Fri Jun  8 01:49:15 2001
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From: "Jyotheeswara Rao Kurma" <jyotheeswara.rao@wipro.com>
To: "Jyotheeswara Rao Kurma" <jyotheeswara.rao@wipro.com>
Cc: Isidor Kouvelas <kouvelas@cisco.com>, pim@catarina.usc.edu
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Date: Fri, 08 Jun 2001 10:14:15 +0500
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Sorry , for a simple mistake , 
DR's oif-list is NULL( written wrongly as NON-NULL)
, in the above mail (case) that I quoted.

Thanks,
Jyotheesh

--------------------------------------------------------------------
Every moment is a golden one for him who has the vision to recognize it 
as such. 
-- Henry Miller 


----- Original Message -----
From: "Jyotheeswara Rao Kurma" <jyotheeswara.rao@wipro.com>
Date: Friday, June 8, 2001 9:28 am
Subject: Re: Dr and Non -DR 

> > When the packets arrive on the (S,G) SPT at the RP, the RP will
> > consider the SPT for the source established and will respond to
> > further registers with register-stop messages.
> > The DR will stop registering after it receives the register-stop
> > but since it still is directly connected to the source, it will 
> > maintain(S,G) state as long as the source is active.
> > 
> > The DR will send the null-registers.
> 
> Yes, I could Understand what you wrote. But What I am wondering is
> why is DR there interested in sending register stops, to RP, 
> anyway for
> DR here (S,G) oif-list will be always non-null ( assuming no other 
> receivers , and just considering this simple case), and NON-DR's 
> (S,G) oif-list will contain RPF(RP) . So in any case, if at all if 
> there is something that let's a router to refresh RP's state, i.e 
> to 
> know whether it has any down stream receivers for this group , it 
> should be done by a router which is actually forwarding those 
> (S,G) 
> packets, here in this case it is NON-DR. 
> 
> Please let me know if I am misunderstanding anything ?
> 
> Thanks,
> Jyotheesh
> 
> 
> 
> 
> 



From owner-pim@catarina.usc.edu  Fri Jun  8 03:07:23 2001
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From: "K.P.Ramamurthy" <ramamurthy.pani@wipro.com>
To: <pim@catarina.usc.edu>
Subject: graceful shutdown of BSR ?
Date: Fri, 8 Jun 2001 12:16:38 +0530
Message-ID: <KAENJAEEOLEFENODBGPFMEKGCBAA.ramamurthy.pani@wipro.com>
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Hi,
   in Section 3.2.  [Page 17] of "draft-ietf-pim-sm-bsr-00.txt"
I have a question pertaining to the following text :

" When an elected BSR is being shut down, it should immediately originate a
  Bootstrap message listing its current RP set, but with the BSR priority
  field set to the lowest priority value possible.  This will cause the
  election of a new BSR to happen more quickly."

Since the candidate BSR state machine does not process a NON-PREFERRED-BSM,
the BSR election will not happen any quicker !!. So if a elected BSR sends a
BSM
with very low priority when it is being shutdown, it will not help in
initiating
immediate BSR election ( before BS-TIMEOUT ) since this event is not handled
by
the candidate BSRs in any state ( C-BSR / P-BSR ), it seems to me that
lowering the
priority of an elected BSR will not result in re-election immediately.

   regards and thanks

 K.P.R.Murthy



From owner-pim@catarina.usc.edu  Fri Jun  8 03:35:28 2001
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From: "K.P.Ramamurthy" <ramamurthy.pani@wipro.com>
To: "Mark Handley" <mjh@aciri.org>
Cc: <pim@catarina.usc.edu>
Subject: inconsistent  RP-SETs  ?
Date: Fri, 8 Jun 2001 12:14:37 +0530
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Hi,
  when fragmented Bootstrap messages are sent by BSR, all the routers in the
doamin
might not get the fragments in the *correct sequence*, and so some routers
will just
forward the BSM (as expected by all PIM routers), but will not able to
preserve the incomplete RP-SET ( if need be ), and so there is a possibility
of some routers using the latest RP-SET, while there could be some other PIM
routers using a obsolete RP-SET, this might result in routers hashing to
different RPs for the same GROUP. The root of this problem lies in the fact
that the fragments are not guaranteed to arrive in sequence.

        regards and thanks
        K.P.R.Murthy



From owner-pim@catarina.usc.edu  Fri Jun  8 03:36:57 2001
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From: "Jyotheeswara Rao Kurma" <jyotheeswara.rao@wipro.com>
To: Billy Ng <bng@riverdelta.com>
Cc: pim@catarina.usc.edu
Message-ID: <84ac183e73.83e7384ac1@wipro.com>
Date: Fri, 08 Jun 2001 11:54:54 +0500
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Subject: Re: RE: Dr and  Non -DR
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No , It cann't , As per the current draft, register stop will be sent 
only in response to a register packet. So after the native multicast 
packet , next register packet can only trigger RP to send a register 
stop message to DR. In other case as you wrote , i.e sending register 
stop message in response to a native multicast data packet, RP needs to 
store DR's address.

Update me if I am wrong,
Jyotheesh
--------------------------------------------------------------------
Every moment is a golden one for him who has the vision to recognize it 
as such. 
-- Henry Miller 


----- Original Message -----
From: Billy Ng <bng@riverdelta.com>
Date: Thursday, June 7, 2001 11:04 pm
Subject: RE: Dr and  Non -DR

> Jyotheesh,
> 
> when the RP received the native multicast data packet, 
> it will send a Register-Stop to the DR.
> 
> --Billy
> 
> > -----Original Message-----
> > From: Jyotheeswara Rao Kurma [mailto:jyotheeswara.rao@wipro.com]
> > Sent: Thursday, June 07, 2001 8:10 AM
> > To: pim@catarina.usc.edu; jyotheeswara.rao@wipro.com
> > Subject: Dr and Non -DR
> > 
> > 
> > Hi :
> > 
> >  I need a small clarification. Consider the following scenario.
> > 
> >   
> >             |
> >             |---- DR ---------PIM-ROUTER---PIMROUTER------|    
> >     Host--- |                                             |-----RP
> >             |---- NON-DR------PIM-ROUTER------------------|
> >             |
> > 
> > Now , DR will send initial register packets to RP, but RP will send
> > (S,G) Joins towards NON-DR (assuming better path), and this 
> > NON-DR will
> > start forwarding ( S(Host),G) packets from Host. When happens to DR
> > there ? How long will it maintian (S,G) register state ? 
> > 
> > Who will take care of refreshing Rp's state by sending Null 
> register 
> > messages ? Is it DR/NON-DR ? 
> > 
> > Thanks for any help,
> > Jyotheesh
> >  
> > -----------------------------------------------------------------
> ---
> > Every moment is a golden one for him who has the vision to 
> > recognize it 
> > as such. 
> > -- Henry Miller 
> > 
> > 
> 



From owner-pim@catarina.usc.edu  Fri Jun  8 10:38:00 2001
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From: Billy Ng <bng@riverdelta.com>
To: "'Jyotheeswara Rao Kurma'" <jyotheeswara.rao@wipro.com>,
        Billy Ng
	 <bng@riverdelta.com>
Cc: pim@catarina.usc.edu
Subject: RE: RE: Dr and  Non -DR
Date: Fri, 8 Jun 2001 10:12:26 -0400 
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Yes, you're correct.  I wrote too quick :)  
The register stop is sent on the next register packet.

--Billy

> -----Original Message-----
> From: Jyotheeswara Rao Kurma [mailto:jyotheeswara.rao@wipro.com]
> Sent: Friday, June 08, 2001 1:55 AM
> To: Billy Ng
> Cc: pim@catarina.usc.edu
> Subject: Re: RE: Dr and Non -DR
> 
> 
> 
> No , It cann't , As per the current draft, register stop will be sent 
> only in response to a register packet. So after the native multicast 
> packet , next register packet can only trigger RP to send a register 
> stop message to DR. In other case as you wrote , i.e sending register 
> stop message in response to a native multicast data packet, 
> RP needs to 
> store DR's address.
> 
> Update me if I am wrong,
> Jyotheesh
> --------------------------------------------------------------------
> Every moment is a golden one for him who has the vision to 
> recognize it 
> as such. 
> -- Henry Miller 
> 
> 
> ----- Original Message -----
> From: Billy Ng <bng@riverdelta.com>
> Date: Thursday, June 7, 2001 11:04 pm
> Subject: RE: Dr and  Non -DR
> 
> > Jyotheesh,
> > 
> > when the RP received the native multicast data packet, 
> > it will send a Register-Stop to the DR.
> > 
> > --Billy
> > 
> > > -----Original Message-----
> > > From: Jyotheeswara Rao Kurma [mailto:jyotheeswara.rao@wipro.com]
> > > Sent: Thursday, June 07, 2001 8:10 AM
> > > To: pim@catarina.usc.edu; jyotheeswara.rao@wipro.com
> > > Subject: Dr and Non -DR
> > > 
> > > 
> > > Hi :
> > > 
> > >  I need a small clarification. Consider the following scenario.
> > > 
> > >   
> > >             |
> > >             |---- DR ---------PIM-ROUTER---PIMROUTER------|    
> > >     Host--- |                                             |-----RP
> > >             |---- NON-DR------PIM-ROUTER------------------|
> > >             |
> > > 
> > > Now , DR will send initial register packets to RP, but RP 
> will send
> > > (S,G) Joins towards NON-DR (assuming better path), and this 
> > > NON-DR will
> > > start forwarding ( S(Host),G) packets from Host. When 
> happens to DR
> > > there ? How long will it maintian (S,G) register state ? 
> > > 
> > > Who will take care of refreshing Rp's state by sending Null 
> > register 
> > > messages ? Is it DR/NON-DR ? 
> > > 
> > > Thanks for any help,
> > > Jyotheesh
> > >  
> > > -----------------------------------------------------------------
> > ---
> > > Every moment is a golden one for him who has the vision to 
> > > recognize it 
> > > as such. 
> > > -- Henry Miller 
> > > 
> > > 
> > 
> 


From owner-pim@catarina.usc.edu  Sat Jun  9 13:38:03 2001
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        "jyotheeswara.rao@wipro.com" <jyotheeswara.rao@wipro.com>
Subject:  Re: Dr and  Non -DR
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DR must be sending Register message "Register Probe Time" interval before "Register Suppression Timer" expires. DR can respond back with "Register-Stop" to this. DR must continue to send "Register message" at above mentioned time as long as there is a (S,G) state at the DR. Note that DR will maintain (S,G) state even though it is not doing any forwarding, as long as Keepalive Timer is alive.

Pawan
 

------------- Original Message --------------
Billy Ng <bng@riverdelta.com> wrote:
To:"'Jyotheeswara Rao Kurma'" <jyotheeswara.rao@wipro.com>,
       Billy Ng
 <bng@riverdelta.com>
From:Billy Ng <bng@riverdelta.com>
Date:Fri, 8 Jun 2001 10:12:26 -0400 
CC:pim@catarina.usc.edu
Subject:RE: RE: Dr and  Non -DR

Yes, you're correct.  I wrote too quick :)  
The register stop is sent on the next register packet.

--Billy

> -----Original Message-----
> From: Jyotheeswara Rao Kurma [mailto:jyotheeswara.rao@wipro.com]
> Sent: Friday, June 08, 2001 1:55 AM
> To: Billy Ng
> Cc: pim@catarina.usc.edu
> Subject: Re: RE: Dr and Non -DR
> 
> 
> 
> No , It cann't , As per the current draft, register stop will be sent 
> only in response to a register packet. So after the native multicast 
> packet , next register packet can only trigger RP to send a register 
> stop message to DR. In other case as you wrote , i.e sending register 
> stop message in response to a native multicast data packet, 
> RP needs to 
> store DR's address.
> 
> Update me if I am wrong,
> Jyotheesh
> --------------------------------------------------------------------
> Every moment is a golden one for him who has the vision to 
> recognize it 
> as such. 
> -- Henry Miller 
> 
> 
> ----- Original Message -----
> From: Billy Ng <bng@riverdelta.com>
> Date: Thursday, June 7, 2001 11:04 pm
> Subject: RE: Dr and  Non -DR
> 
> > Jyotheesh,
> > 
> > when the RP received the native multicast data packet, 
> > it will send a Register-Stop to the DR.
> > 
> > --Billy
> > 
> > > -----Original Message-----
> > > From: Jyotheeswara Rao Kurma [mailto:jyotheeswara.rao@wipro.com]
> > > Sent: Thursday, June 07, 2001 8:10 AM
> > > To: pim@catarina.usc.edu; jyotheeswara.rao@wipro.com
> > > Subject: Dr and Non -DR
> > > 
> > > 
> > > Hi :
> > > 
> > >  I need a small clarification. Consider the following scenario.
> > > 
> > >   
> > >             |
> > >             |---- DR ---------PIM-ROUTER---PIMROUTER------|    
> > >     Host--- |                                             |-----RP
> > >             |---- NON-DR------PIM-ROUTER------------------|
> > >             |
> > > 
> > > Now , DR will send initial register packets to RP, but RP 
> will send
> > > (S,G) Joins towards NON-DR (assuming better path), and this 
> > > NON-DR will
> > > start forwarding ( S(Host),G) packets from Host. When 
> happens to DR
> > > there ? How long will it maintian (S,G) register state ? 
> > > 
> > > Who will take care of refreshing Rp's state by sending Null 
> > register 
> > > messages ? Is it DR/NON-DR ? 
> > > 
> > > Thanks for any help,
> > > Jyotheesh
> > >  
> > > -----------------------------------------------------------------
> > ---
> > > Every moment is a golden one for him who has the vision to 
> > > recognize it 
> > > as such. 
> > > -- Henry Miller 
> > > 
> > > 
> > 
> 

_____________________________________________________
Chat with your friends as soon as they come online. Get Rediff Bol at
http://bol.rediff.com






From owner-pim@catarina.usc.edu  Wed Jun 13 07:52:44 2001
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From: Abdelkader Lahmadi <Abdelkader.Lahmadi@loria.fr>
To: Pavlin Ivanov Radoslavov <pavlin@catarina.usc.edu>
Subject: implementation of pim-sm
Date: Wed, 13 Jun 2001 13:32:29 +0200
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hi,
in the implementation of  PIM-SM from catarina,  if the  DR is the source of
multicast data, does members attached to his interfaces receive these data?
regards,


---------------------------------------------
  Lahmadi Abdelkader
  LORIA - UHP NANCY I
  CAMPUS SCIENTIFIQUE B.P.239
  54506 VANDOEUVRE-LES-NANCY CEDEX
  E-mail : lahmadi@loria.fr
---------------------------------------------


From owner-pim@catarina.usc.edu  Wed Jun 13 12:02:49 2001
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To: Abdelkader Lahmadi <Abdelkader.Lahmadi@loria.fr>
cc: "'pim@catarina.usc.edu'" <pim@catarina.usc.edu>
Subject: Re: implementation of pim-sm 
In-reply-to: Your message of "Wed, 13 Jun 2001 13:32:29 +0200."
             <01061313380400.01885@euvezin.loria.fr> 
Date: Wed, 13 Jun 2001 08:53:50 -0700
From: Pavlin Ivanov Radoslavov <pavlin@catarina.usc.edu>
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> in the implementation of  PIM-SM from catarina,  if the  DR is the source of
> multicast data, does members attached to his interfaces receive these data?
> regards,

They should receive the data. If they don't then this is a bug (your
test-input here is welcome :)

However, some time ago I was doing some testing on OpenBSD-2.7 and I
found some weird behavior (PIM-independent) when if both the sender
and receiver are binded on one particular interface, then receiver
doesn't get the data. If both were binded on a different interface,
the receiver was getting the data. At that time I didn't debug the
problem further, but it is always a good idea to start your testing
with something very simple to make sure that the problem is not
somewhere else.

Regards,
Pavlin


From owner-pim@catarina.usc.edu  Fri Jun 15 01:10:07 2001
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Hi,

  I am working on PIM-SMv2. The draft draft-ietf-pim-sm-v2-new-02.txt
  on page no.92 says that 
  "PIM messages are either unicast (e.g.  Registers and Register-Stop),
   or multicast with TTL 1 to the `ALL-PIM-ROUTERS' group (e.g. Join/Prune, 
   Asserts, etc.)"

  But on page no 34 it says,
  "Receive Join(*,*,RP)
          A Join(*,*,RP) is received on interface I with its IP
          destination set to the router's address on I."

  How is this possible ? The IP destination field of the PIM Join/Prune
  message must be set to the address "224.0.0.13"(ALL-PIM-ROUTERS).
  plz explain me what does it want to mean by that.

thanks in advance,

arindam C. 



From owner-pim@catarina.usc.edu  Fri Jun 15 02:52:09 2001
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Subject: Re: IP destination address of PIM Join/Prune message 
In-reply-to: Your message of "Fri, 15 Jun 2001 10:41:28 +0530."
             <Pine.LNX.4.21.0106151018490.8229-100000@newton.alumnus.co.in> 
Date: Thu, 14 Jun 2001 23:27:57 -0700
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>Hi,
>
>  I am working on PIM-SMv2. The draft draft-ietf-pim-sm-v2-new-02.txt
>  on page no.92 says that 
>  "PIM messages are either unicast (e.g.  Registers and Register-Stop),
>   or multicast with TTL 1 to the `ALL-PIM-ROUTERS' group (e.g. Join/Prune, 
>   Asserts, etc.)"
>
>  But on page no 34 it says,
>  "Receive Join(*,*,RP)
>          A Join(*,*,RP) is received on interface I with its IP
>          destination set to the router's address on I."
>
>  How is this possible ? The IP destination field of the PIM Join/Prune
>  message must be set to the address "224.0.0.13"(ALL-PIM-ROUTERS).
>  plz explain me what does it want to mean by that.

Thanks for pointing this out - this is an error.  I believe page 34
(and many places elsewhere) should say "...is received on interface I
with its Upstream Neighbor Address set to the router's address on I".

This will be fixed in the next release of the spec.

Cheers,
	Mark


From owner-pim@catarina.usc.edu  Fri Jun 15 03:49:12 2001
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From: "Jyotheeswara Rao Kurma" <jyotheeswara.rao@wipro.com>
To: arindamc <arindamc@alumnux.com>
Cc: pim@catarina.usc.edu
Message-ID: <7647a6d8.a6d87647@wipro.com>
Date: Fri, 15 Jun 2001 10:46:37 +0500
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Subject: Re: IP destination address of PIM Join/Prune message
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Hi :

   Destination address for join/prune messages will be 224.0.0.13 only.
But there is a field called upstream neighbor, this is the ip address 
of the upstream neighbor to whom we are sending join/prunes. i.e to 
whom this message is addressed/intended.

All pim routers(on shared media) will receive this message, but only 
one will process.

If this field is one of my addresses , then that router will process 
that packet. 

Hope this helps,
Jyotheesh

--------------------------------------------------------------------
Every moment is a golden one for him who has the vision to recognize it 
as such. 
-- Henry Miller 


----- Original Message -----
From: arindamc <arindamc@alumnux.com>
Date: Friday, June 15, 2001 10:41 am
Subject: IP destination address of PIM Join/Prune message

> Hi,
> 
>  I am working on PIM-SMv2. The draft draft-ietf-pim-sm-v2-new-02.txt
>  on page no.92 says that 
>  "PIM messages are either unicast (e.g.  Registers and Register-
> Stop),   or multicast with TTL 1 to the `ALL-PIM-ROUTERS' group 
> (e.g. Join/Prune, 
>   Asserts, etc.)"
> 
>  But on page no 34 it says,
>  "Receive Join(*,*,RP)
>          A Join(*,*,RP) is received on interface I with its IP
>          destination set to the router's address on I."
> 
>  How is this possible ? The IP destination field of the PIM 
> Join/Prune  message must be set to the address "224.0.0.13"(ALL-
> PIM-ROUTERS).
>  plz explain me what does it want to mean by that.
> 
> thanks in advance,
> 
> arindam C. 
> 
> 



From owner-pim@catarina.usc.edu  Fri Jun 15 22:31:24 2001
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Date: Fri, 15 Jun 2001 19:17:26 -0700
From: Apoorva Karan <apoorva@cisco.com>
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To: Jyotheeswara Rao Kurma <jyotheeswara.rao@wipro.com>
CC: arindamc <arindamc@alumnux.com>, pim@catarina.usc.edu
Subject: Re: IP destination address of PIM Join/Prune message
References: <7647a6d8.a6d87647@wipro.com>
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Please look for ##### for inline comment.

Jyotheeswara Rao Kurma wrote:
> 
> Hi :
> 
>    Destination address for join/prune messages will be 224.0.0.13 only.
> But there is a field called upstream neighbor, this is the ip address
> of the upstream neighbor to whom we are sending join/prunes. i.e to
> whom this message is addressed/intended.
> 
> All pim routers(on shared media) will receive this message, but only
> one will process.
> 
> If this field is one of my addresses , then that router will process
> that packet.


##### A minor correction to the statement above. The router should
process the packet only if the target address in the jp message is the
address of the interface on which the packet was received (and not any
one of the routers addresses).

Thanks,
Apoorva

> 
> Hope this helps,
> Jyotheesh
> 
> --------------------------------------------------------------------
> Every moment is a golden one for him who has the vision to recognize it
> as such.
> -- Henry Miller
> 
> ----- Original Message -----
> From: arindamc <arindamc@alumnux.com>
> Date: Friday, June 15, 2001 10:41 am
> Subject: IP destination address of PIM Join/Prune message
> 
> > Hi,
> >
> >  I am working on PIM-SMv2. The draft draft-ietf-pim-sm-v2-new-02.txt
> >  on page no.92 says that
> >  "PIM messages are either unicast (e.g.  Registers and Register-
> > Stop),   or multicast with TTL 1 to the `ALL-PIM-ROUTERS' group
> > (e.g. Join/Prune,
> >   Asserts, etc.)"
> >
> >  But on page no 34 it says,
> >  "Receive Join(*,*,RP)
> >          A Join(*,*,RP) is received on interface I with its IP
> >          destination set to the router's address on I."
> >
> >  How is this possible ? The IP destination field of the PIM
> > Join/Prune  message must be set to the address "224.0.0.13"(ALL-
> > PIM-ROUTERS).
> >  plz explain me what does it want to mean by that.
> >
> > thanks in advance,
> >
> > arindam C.
> >
> >


From owner-pim@catarina.usc.edu  Wed Jun 20 19:08:51 2001
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From: "Ashok Rao" <rao@cidera.com>
To: <cs-ipmulticast@cisco.com>, <pim@catarina.usc.edu>, <ycai@cisco.com>
Cc: <rao@cidera.com>, "Bob Smith \(E-mail\)" <rls@cidera.com>,
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Subject: Help with multicast forwarding over dialup on an AS 5200
Date: Tue, 19 Jun 2001 12:21:41 -0400
Message-ID: <001701c0f8db$ecf3c9a0$2e191fac@cidera.com>
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Any help on this issue is greatly appreciated. Our ability to debug the
problem is limited due to the fact that only the customer has access to
the AS5200. Any suggestions as to what further information should be
elicited from the customer  ?

Summary:
A multicast source is feeding a server (xyz.downlink.skycache.com) running
mrouted. On the other interface of the server, a DVMRP tunnel has been
set up to  an AS 5200 (set up in PIM sparse-dense-mode). The AS 5200 has
dialup connections over multiple T-1 interfaces. Despite RPF checks being
OK on the AS 5200, dial-up receivers cannot receive the data. TTL is set
pretty high on the source.

Network Diagram:

Source ---> MROUTED -----DVMRP Tunnel-- AS 5200 ---- Dial up receiver
	233.40.70.2						serial/T-1

sh ip mroute, sh ip igmp, and sh run (suitably edited for anonymity) is
provided below. Note that serial interfaces have no ip addresses. PIM
sparse-dense is enabled on all interfaces. Note also that sh ip igmp
does not show groups joined - however this output was probably not
captured at the same time  the multicast receiver had dialed in.

>From the as5200.

> sh ip mroute

IP Multicast Routing Table
Flags: D - Dense, S - Sparse, C - Connected, L - Local, P - Pruned
       R - RP-bit set, F - Register flag, T - SPT-bit set, J - Join SPT
       M - MSDP created entry, X - Proxy Join Timer Running
       A - Advertised via MSDP
Outgoing interface flags: H - Hardware switched
Timers: Uptime/Expires
Interface state: Interface, Next-Hop or VCD, State/Mode

(*, 233.28.65.255), 01:58:25/00:02:59, RP 0.0.0.0, flags: DJC
  Incoming interface: Null, RPF nbr 0.0.0.0
  Outgoing interface list:
    Tunnel0, Forward/Dvmrp, 00:02:50/00:00:00
    Ethernet0, Forward/Sparse-Dense, 01:58:25/00:00:00

(63.250.213.6, 233.28.65.255), 00:01:49/00:02:58, flags: CTA
  Incoming interface: Tunnel0, RPF nbr ###.54.169.148, Dvmrp
  Outgoing interface list:
    Ethernet0, Forward/Sparse-Dense, 00:01:49/00:00:00


(*, 233.40.70.2), 01:58:43/00:02:59, RP 0.0.0.0, flags: DJC
  Incoming interface: Null, RPF nbr 0.0.0.0
  Outgoing interface list:
    Tunnel0, Forward/Dvmrp, 00:03:07/00:00:00
    Ethernet0, Forward/Sparse-Dense, 01:58:43/00:00:00

(63.250.213.6, 233.40.70.2), 00:02:06/00:02:59, flags: CTA
  Incoming interface: Tunnel0, RPF nbr ###.54.169.148, Dvmrp
  Outgoing interface list:
    Ethernet0, Forward/Sparse-Dense, 00:02:06/00:00:00

(*, 233.28.65.45), 01:58:43/00:02:59, RP 0.0.0.0, flags: DJC
  Incoming interface: Null, RPF nbr 0.0.0.0
  Outgoing interface list:
    Tunnel0, Forward/Dvmrp, 00:03:07/00:00:00
    Ethernet0, Forward/Sparse-Dense, 01:58:43/00:00:00

(63.250.213.147, 233.28.65.45), 00:02:07/00:02:59, flags: CTA
  Incoming interface: Tunnel0, RPF nbr ###.54.169.148, Dvmrp
  Outgoing interface list:
    Ethernet0, Forward/Sparse-Dense, 00:02:07/00:00:00

(*, 224.0.1.40), 4d00h/00:00:00, RP 0.0.0.0, flags: DJCL
  Incoming interface: Null, RPF nbr 0.0.0.0
  Outgoing interface list:
    Tunnel0, Forward/Dvmrp, 00:03:07/00:00:00
    Ethernet0, Forward/Sparse-Dense, 4d00h/00:00:00

(*, 233.28.65.80), 01:58:43/00:02:59, RP 0.0.0.0, flags: DJC
  Incoming interface: Null, RPF nbr 0.0.0.0
  Outgoing interface list:
    Tunnel0, Forward/Dvmrp, 00:03:07/00:00:00
    Ethernet0, Forward/Sparse-Dense, 01:58:43/00:00:00

(63.250.213.5, 233.28.65.80), 00:02:07/00:02:59, flags: CTA
  Incoming interface: Tunnel0, RPF nbr ###.54.169.148, Dvmrp
  Outgoing interface list:
    Ethernet0, Forward/Sparse-Dense, 00:02:07/00:00:00

> sh ip rpf 63.250.213.6

RPF information for ? (63.250.213.6)
  RPF interface: Tunnel0
  RPF neighbor: ###.downlink.skycache.com (###.54.169.148)
  RPF route/mask: 63.250.213.0/24
  RPF type: dvmrp
  RPF recursion count: 1
  Doing distance-preferred lookups across tables

> sh ip igmp group

IGMP Connected Group Membership
Group Address    Interface                Uptime    Expires   Last Reporter
224.0.1.40       Ethernet0                4d00h     never
###.###.###.###

> sh run

:-)

Current configuration : 7151 bytes
!
!
!
!
version 12.1
service nagle
no service pad
service timestamps debug datetime msec localtime show-timezone
service timestamps log datetime msec localtime show-timezone
service password-encryption
service compress-config
!
hostname ...
!
logging buffered 16384 debugging
no logging console
aaa new-model
[ ... some aaa lines deleted ]
spe 1/0 1/7
 firmware location system: ...
spe 2/0 2/7
 firmware location system: ...
!
resource-pool disable
!
ip subnet-zero
no ip finger
ip host ...  ...
ip domain-name ...
ip name-server ...
ip name-server ...
!
no ip bootp server
ip multicast-routing
ip address-pool local
virtual-profile virtual-template 1
virtual-profile aaa
!
sgbp group ....
sgbp member ....  .....
sgbp member ... ...
multilink virtual-template 1
async-bootp gateway ###.###.###.###
async-bootp dns-server ###.###.###.###  ###.###.###.###
isdn switch-type primary-5ess
modemcap entry mica_1:....
modemcap entry micarobust:...
modemcap entry Robust:...
mta receive maximum-recipients 0
!
controller T1 0
 framing esf
 clock source line primary
 linecode b8zs
 pri-group timeslots 1-24

!
controller T1 1
 framing esf
 clock source line secondary 1
 linecode b8zs
 pri-group timeslots 1-24

!
controller T1 2
 framing esf
 linecode b8zs
 pri-group timeslots 1-24

!
controller T1 3
 framing esf
 linecode b8zs
 pri-group timeslots 1-24

!
interface Loopback0
 ip address ###.###.###.### 255.255.255.255
!
interface Loopback1
 ip address ###.###.###.### 255.255.255.255
!
interface Tunnel0
 ip unnumbered Ethernet0
 ip pim sparse-dense-mode
 tunnel source Ethernet0
 tunnel destination xyz.downlink.skycache.com
 tunnel mode dvmrp
!
interface Ethernet0
 ip address ###.###.###.###  255.255.255.0
 ip pim sparse-dense-mode
 ip ospf message-digest-key 1 md5 7 15131B07493824313C362731
!
interface Virtual-Template1
 ip unnumbered Loopback0
 no ip route-cache
 no logging event link-status
 peer default ip address pool default
 ppp authentication pap chap callin
 ppp multilink
!
interface Serial0:23
 no ip address
 ip pim sparse-dense-mode
 encapsulation ppp
 ip mroute-cache
 no keepalive
 dialer rotary-group 1
 dialer-group 1
 isdn switch-type primary-5ess
 isdn incoming-voice modem
 no fair-queue
 no cdp enable
!
interface Serial1:23
 no ip address
 ip pim sparse-dense-mode
 encapsulation ppp
 ip mroute-cache
 no keepalive
 dialer rotary-group 1
 dialer-group 1
 isdn switch-type primary-5ess
 isdn incoming-voice modem
 no fair-queue
 no cdp enable
!
interface Serial2:23
 no ip address
 ip pim sparse-dense-mode
 encapsulation ppp
 ip mroute-cache
 no keepalive
 dialer rotary-group 1
 dialer-group 1
 isdn switch-type primary-5ess
 isdn incoming-voice modem
 no fair-queue
 no cdp enable
!
interface Serial3:23
 no ip address
 ip pim sparse-dense-mode
 encapsulation ppp
 ip mroute-cache
 no keepalive
 dialer rotary-group 1
 dialer-group 1
 isdn switch-type primary-5ess
 isdn incoming-voice modem
 no fair-queue
 no cdp enable
!
interface FastEthernet0
 no ip address
 shutdown
 duplex auto
 speed auto
!
interface Group-Async1
 ip unnumbered Loopback0
 encapsulation ppp
 no ip mroute-cache
 no logging event link-status
 async dynamic address
 async mode interactive
 peer default ip address pool default
 no fair-queue
 no cdp enable
 ppp authentication pap chap callin
 ppp multilink
 group-range 1 96
!
interface Dialer1
 ip unnumbered Loopback0
 encapsulation ppp
 no ip route-cache
 no ip mroute-cache
 no logging event link-status
 no keepalive
 dialer in-band
 dialer idle-timeout 1200
 dialer-group 1
 peer default ip address pool default
 no fair-queue
 no cdp enable
 ppp authentication pap chap callin
 ppp multilink
!
router ospf 100
 log-adjacency-changes
 area 40 authentication message-digest
 area 40 nssa
 area 40 range ###.###.###.### 255.255.255.0
 redistribute connected subnets
 redistribute static subnets
 passive-interface Dialer1
 network ###.###.###.0 0.0.0.255 area 40
!
ip local pool default ###.###.###.###  ###.###.###.###
ip default-gateway ###.###.###.1
ip classless
ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 ###.###.###.1
no ip http server
!
ip radius source-interface Ethernet0
logging trap debugging
logging ###.###.###.###
access-list 99 permit ###.###.###.0 0.0.0.255
access-list 125 permit ip ###.###.###.0 0.0.0.255 any
dialer-list 1 protocol ip permit
[ ... some tacacs radius and snmp stuff deleted ... ]
line con 0
 exec-timeout 0 0
 transport input none
line 1 96
 session-timeout 20  output
 modem Dialin
 modem autoconfigure type Robust
 autoselect during-login
 autoselect ppp
line aux 0
line vty 0 1
 access-class 125 in
 exec-timeout 0 0
 transport preferred none



From owner-pim@catarina.usc.edu  Thu Jun 21 07:21:12 2001
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--NextPart

A New Internet-Draft is available from the on-line Internet-Drafts directories.
This draft is a work item of the Protocol Independent Multicast Working Group of the IETF.

	Title		: Bi-directional Protocol Independent Multicast        
                         (BIDIR-PIM)
	Author(s)	: M. Handley, I. Kouvelas, T. Speakman, L. Vicisano
	Filename	: draft-ietf-pim-bidir-03.txt,.ps
	Pages		: 40
	Date		: 20-Jun-01
	
This document discusses Bi-directional PIM, a variant of PIM
Sparse-Mode [9] that builds bi-directional shared trees
connecting multicast sources and receivers. Bi-directional
trees are built using a fail-safe Designated Forwarder (DF)
election mechanism operating on each link of a multicast
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From owner-pim@catarina.usc.edu  Thu Jun 21 13:17:34 2001
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draft-ietf-pim-bidir-03.txt,.ps is now available. Main changes since 02:
- Correction of many small errors in the DF election tables and
  diagram.
- Added explanation for DF election actions and states.
- Specification of the bidir capable Hello option.

thanks
I

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A New Internet-Draft is available from the on-line Internet-Drafts directories.
This draft is a work item of the Protocol Independent Multicast Working Group of the IETF.

	Title		: Bi-directional Protocol Independent Multicast        
                         (BIDIR-PIM)
	Author(s)	: M. Handley, I. Kouvelas, T. Speakman, L. Vicisano
	Filename	: draft-ietf-pim-bidir-03.txt,.ps
	Pages		: 40
	Date		: 20-Jun-01
	
This document discusses Bi-directional PIM, a variant of PIM
Sparse-Mode [9] that builds bi-directional shared trees
connecting multicast sources and receivers. Bi-directional
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election mechanism operating on each link of a multicast
topology.

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From owner-pim@catarina.usc.edu  Thu Jun 21 13:38:24 2001
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Date: Thu, 21 Jun 2001 13:07:28 -0400
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From: Ashish Zalani <azalani@opnet.com>
Subject: Question about PIM-SM
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Hi,

I am new to this mailing list. I have a question about the PIM-SM protocol.

If I understand it correctly, the PIM-SM protocol (RFC 2362) specifies that 
for every (*,G) or (S,G) entry in the multicast routing table, the router 
must maintain an Incoming Interface (iif), and an Outgoing Interface List 
(oif-list), along with other information. My question is, why should it 
maintain only one incoming interface, and not a list of incoming 
interfaces? Potentially there could be multiple routes to the source, each 
on a different interface.

The reason I ask this is because I am running into a situation where one 
router has multiple routes to the RP of a multicast group. It sets the iif 
as one of the interfaces that it uses to reach the RP. But any multicast 
packets for that group that are received on a different interface are being 
dropped by the router.

Is this a common problem, or have I misunderstood the spec?

-Ashish.
Ashish Zalani
Modeling Engineer
OPNET Technologies, Inc.
===========================================================
Come to the networking industry's premier conference,
OPNETWORK 2001 August 27 - August 31
(http://www.opnet.com/opnetwork2001/home.html)
and to OPNET's cutting-edge seminars
(http://www.opnet.com/seminars.html)




From owner-pim@catarina.usc.edu  Thu Jun 21 14:35:46 2001
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To: Ashish Zalani <azalani@opnet.com>
CC: pim@catarina.usc.edu
Subject: Re: Question about PIM-SM
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Ashish Zalani wrote:
> 
> Hi,
> 
> I am new to this mailing list. I have a question about the PIM-SM protocol.
> 
> If I understand it correctly, the PIM-SM protocol (RFC 2362) specifies that

Although this is the current standard, if you try to implement this
you'll
be making a mistake.  This RFC was written at time when the multicast
requirements
were just beginning to be understood.  I strongly encourage you to look
at the
new PIM draft which, although difficult to read, covers the PIM protocol 
much more thoroughly than the RFC.

> for every (*,G) or (S,G) entry in the multicast routing table, the router
> must maintain an Incoming Interface (iif), and an Outgoing Interface List
> (oif-list), along with other information. My question is, why should it
> maintain only one incoming interface, and not a list of incoming
> interfaces? Potentially there could be multiple routes to the source, each
> on a different interface.

Do you want to forward two (or more) copies of the packet out all the
interfaces 
in the Olist or one?

> 
> The reason I ask this is because I am running into a situation where one
> router has multiple routes to the RP of a multicast group. It sets the iif
> as one of the interfaces that it uses to reach the RP. But any multicast
> packets for that group that are received on a different interface are being
> dropped by the router.
> 

This is exactly what you want it to do.

> Is this a common problem, or have I misunderstood the spec?
> 
> -Ashish.
> Ashish Zalani
> Modeling Engineer
> OPNET Technologies, Inc.
> ===========================================================
> Come to the networking industry's premier conference,
> OPNETWORK 2001 August 27 - August 31
> (http://www.opnet.com/opnetwork2001/home.html)
> and to OPNET's cutting-edge seminars
> (http://www.opnet.com/seminars.html)
> 
> _______________________________________________
> Pim-external mailing list
> Pim-external@mailist.procket.com
> http://mailist.procket.com/mailman/listinfo/pim-external


From owner-pim@catarina.usc.edu  Thu Jun 21 15:24:44 2001
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Date: Thu, 21 Jun 2001 15:03:21 -0400
To: John Zwiebel <John.Zwiebel@procket.com>
From: Ashish Zalani <azalani@opnet.com>
Subject: Re: Question about PIM-SM
Cc: pim@catarina.usc.edu
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> > The reason I ask this is because I am running into a situation where one
> > router has multiple routes to the RP of a multicast group. It sets the iif
> > as one of the interfaces that it uses to reach the RP. But any multicast
> > packets for that group that are received on a different interface are being
> > dropped by the router.
> >
>
>This is exactly what you want it to do.

Let me state my problem a little differently. In my case, there are 
multiple (equal cost) paths between the RP and this router (and those 
multiple paths come in on different interfaces on the router). The router 
stores only one interface set as it's incoming interface for the RP. But 
due to the multiple paths the unicast routing distributes the packets along 
different paths and the router receives the packets on different 
interfaces, though each one could have been a valid incoming interface. All 
packets that come in on any interface other than the marked incoming 
interface are dropped. I think this is undesirable behavior.

-Ashish.

Ashish Zalani
Modeling Engineer
OPNET Technologies, Inc.
===========================================================
Come to the networking industry's premier conference,
OPNETWORK 2001 August 27 - August 31
(http://www.opnet.com/opnetwork2001/home.html)
and to OPNET's cutting-edge seminars
(http://www.opnet.com/seminars.html)


--=====================_154719665==_.ALT
Content-Type: text/html; charset="us-ascii"

<html>
<blockquote type=cite cite>&gt; The reason I ask this is because I am
running into a situation where one<br>
&gt; router has multiple routes to the RP of a multicast group. It sets
the iif<br>
&gt; as one of the interfaces that it uses to reach the RP. But any
multicast<br>
&gt; packets for that group that are received on a different interface
are being<br>
&gt; dropped by the router.<br>
&gt; <br>
<br>
This is exactly what you want it to do.</blockquote><br>
Let me state my problem a little differently. In my case, there are
multiple (equal cost) paths between the RP and this router (and those
multiple paths come in on different interfaces on the router). The router
stores only one interface set as it's incoming interface for the RP. But
due to the multiple paths the unicast routing distributes the packets
along different paths and the router receives the packets on different
interfaces, though each one could have been a valid incoming interface.
All packets that come in on any interface other than the marked incoming
interface are dropped. I think this is undesirable behavior. <br>
<br>
-Ashish.<br>
<br>

Ashish Zalani<x-tab>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</x-tab><br>
Modeling Engineer<br>
OPNET Technologies, Inc. <br>
===========================================================<br>
Come to the networking industry's premier conference,<br>
OPNETWORK 2001 August 27 - August 31 <br>
(<a href="http://www.opnet.com/opnetwork2001/home.html" eudora="autourl"><font color="#0000FF">http://www.opnet.com/opnetwork2001/home.html</a></font>)<br>
and to OPNET's cutting-edge seminars <br>
(<a href="http://www.opnet.com/seminars.html" eudora="autourl"><font color="#0000FF">http://www.opnet.com/seminars.html</a></font>)<br>
<br>
</html>

--=====================_154719665==_.ALT--



From owner-pim@catarina.usc.edu  Thu Jun 21 15:26:08 2001
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From: "Ajay Virginkar" <virgink@hotmail.com>
To: <pim@catarina.usc.edu>, "Ashish Zalani" <azalani@opnet.com>
References: <4.2.1.20010621115415.00ac5b10@mail.opnet.com>
Subject: Re: Question about PIM-SM
Date: Thu, 21 Jun 2001 12:17:52 -0700
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A Router X receives a Join Request from a downstream router. This prompts
the router to setup a (S,G) or (*,G) route with the iif pointing to the RP.
Now the Router will send a Join Request for G towards the RP on the same
interface it set up as  the iif. So there should not be a need to setup
multiple iifs for a multicast route.
If this is maintained I guess in your case, the question is why does the
router receive any multicast packets for G from any other interface (other
than the iif) unless a (S,G) route also exists.
What is the behavior if there is only a single route towards the RP?
Ajay
----- Original Message -----
From: "Ashish Zalani" <azalani@opnet.com>
To: <pim@catarina.usc.edu>
Sent: Thursday, June 21, 2001 10:07 AM
Subject: Question about PIM-SM


> Hi,
>
> I am new to this mailing list. I have a question about the PIM-SM
protocol.
>
> If I understand it correctly, the PIM-SM protocol (RFC 2362) specifies
that
> for every (*,G) or (S,G) entry in the multicast routing table, the router
> must maintain an Incoming Interface (iif), and an Outgoing Interface List
> (oif-list), along with other information. My question is, why should it
> maintain only one incoming interface, and not a list of incoming
> interfaces? Potentially there could be multiple routes to the source, each
> on a different interface.
>
> The reason I ask this is because I am running into a situation where one
> router has multiple routes to the RP of a multicast group. It sets the iif
> as one of the interfaces that it uses to reach the RP. But any multicast
> packets for that group that are received on a different interface are
being
> dropped by the router.
>
> Is this a common problem, or have I misunderstood the spec?
>
> -Ashish.
> Ashish Zalani
> Modeling Engineer
> OPNET Technologies, Inc.
> ===========================================================
> Come to the networking industry's premier conference,
> OPNETWORK 2001 August 27 - August 31
> (http://www.opnet.com/opnetwork2001/home.html)
> and to OPNET's cutting-edge seminars
> (http://www.opnet.com/seminars.html)
>
>
>


From owner-pim@catarina.usc.edu  Thu Jun 21 15:38:50 2001
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CC: John Zwiebel <John.Zwiebel@procket.com>, pim@catarina.usc.edu
Subject: Re: Question about PIM-SM
References: <4.2.1.20010621115415.00ac5b10@mail.opnet.com> <4.2.1.20010621143011.00ac4100@mail.opnet.com>
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Ashish Zalani wrote:

> Let me state my problem a little differently. In my case, there are
> multiple (equal cost) paths between the RP and this router (and those
> multiple paths come in on different interfaces on the router). The
> router stores only one interface set as it's incoming interface for
> the RP. But due to the multiple paths the unicast routing distributes
> the packets along different paths and the router receives the packets
> on different interfaces, though each one could have been a valid
> incoming interface. All packets that come in on any interface other
> than the marked incoming interface are dropped. I think this is
> undesirable behavior.

Ashish,

The point here is that you do not want to forward copies of the same
packet more than once. Even if you do receive multiple copies on
different interfaces, you forward only the one that comes on the correct
interface (which is the interface through which you have the "best" path
to the RP).

Thanks,
Apoorva


From owner-pim@catarina.usc.edu  Thu Jun 21 17:25:07 2001
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To: Ashish Zalani <azalani@opnet.com>
CC: pim@catarina.usc.edu
Subject: Re: Question about PIM-SM
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Ashish Zalani wrote:
> 
> > > The reason I ask this is because I am running into a situation
> > where one
> > > router has multiple routes to the RP of a multicast group. It sets
> > the iif
> > > as one of the interfaces that it uses to reach the RP. But any
> > multicast
> > > packets for that group that are received on a different interface
> > are being
> > > dropped by the router.
> > >
> >
> > This is exactly what you want it to do.
> 
> Let me state my problem a little differently. In my case, there are
> multiple (equal cost) paths between the RP and this router (and those
> multiple paths come in on different interfaces on the router). The
> router stores only one interface set as it's incoming interface for
> the RP. But due to the multiple paths the unicast routing distributes
> the packets along different paths and the router receives the packets
> on different interfaces, though each one could have been a valid
> incoming interface. All packets that come in on any interface other
> than the marked incoming interface are dropped. I think this is
> undesirable behavior.
> 
> -Ashish.
>

At this time, there is no way to be able to do load-sharing of
multicast packets between multiple paths.  You can use one and
only one.

The router that is "distributing" the packets on different paths
is doing something wrong.  Why is "unicast" routing involved in
the forwarding decision at all?  Unicast should only be used to
determine whether or not the packet came in on the correct interface
and to determine the upstream router to which you want to send a
PIM join.  Even the old RFC's state that if there is more than
one upstream equal-cost choice that the JOIN is sent to the one with the
highest IP address.


From owner-pim@catarina.usc.edu  Thu Jun 21 17:39:40 2001
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From: Mathur Sonum-CSM109 <sonum@motorola.com>
To: "'pim@catarina.usc.edu'" <pim@catarina.usc.edu>
Subject: RP on a stick scenario
Date: Thu, 21 Jun 2001 16:29:06 -0500
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When RP has an (S,G) entry with Null OIF and IIF is on a shared link,  which has some other recievers, there is a possibility of data hole. This was one of the issues in RFC 2362 as specified in PIM-SM issue #27: Turnaround rules incompletely specified

	---------------------------------LAN
	|	|	|
	R1	RP	R2----Rcvr
	|
	R3---Sender
	|
	Rcvr

R2 never sends (S,G) Join directly to source (as it never goes to shortest path tree) and RP doesn't send periodic (S,G) Join as its OIF is Null and is not forwarding. This may lead to no data on LAN.

RP needs to have some state (or special flag in (S,G) entry) which indicates that it has to send periodic (S,G) Joins to source to get data on LAN. If this issue has already been resolved in the new spec, please explain how.

Thanks
--
Sonum


From owner-pim@catarina.usc.edu  Thu Jun 21 18:47:21 2001
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Organization: Procket Networks
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To: Mathur Sonum-CSM109 <sonum@motorola.com>
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Subject: Re: RP on a stick scenario
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Mathur Sonum-CSM109 wrote:

If R2 doesn't send (S,G) joins (which you would have had to specifically
configure it to do because even though the IIF for the RPT and the SPT
may
be the same, that has nothing to do with which tree that router is
joined to).

-- then it must be sending (*,G) joins, which means that the RP should 
have a non-NULL olist for the (*,G).

An RP that is receiving a (*,G) join without a (S,G,RP) prune (and R2
has
to be sending the (*,G) join part as long as there is a member and if
it "never joins the shortest-path" as you said then it doens't include
the (S,G,RP-bit) prune in the message) should know that it must continue
to send (S,G) joins for the group.  The specifics on you you want to
make this 
happen are up to you.

[NOTE: any router that receives a JOIN/PRUNE message with only a (*,G)
part
and no (S,G,rp-bit)prune part has received some very important
information
that it should act on.]

Let me say again that if you are looking at RFC2362, you're wasting your
time.

> 
> When RP has an (S,G) entry with Null OIF and IIF is on a shared link,  which has some other recievers, there is a possibility of data hole. This was one of the issues in RFC 2362 as specified in PIM-SM issue #27: Turnaround rules incompletely specified
> 
>         ---------------------------------LAN
>         |       |       |
>         R1      RP      R2----Rcvr
>         |
>         R3---Sender
>         |
>         Rcvr
> 
> R2 never sends (S,G) Join directly to source (as it never goes to shortest path tree) and RP doesn't send periodic (S,G) Join as its OIF is Null and is not forwarding. This may lead to no data on LAN.
> 
> RP needs to have some state (or special flag in (S,G) entry) which indicates that it has to send periodic (S,G) Joins to source to get data on LAN. If this issue has already been resolved in the new spec, please explain how.
> 
> Thanks
> --
> Sonum
> _______________________________________________
> Pim-external mailing list
> Pim-external@mailist.procket.com
> http://mailist.procket.com/mailman/listinfo/pim-external


From owner-pim@catarina.usc.edu  Fri Jun 22 10:59:49 2001
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From: "Hal Sandick" <hsandick@nortelnetworks.com>
Organization: Nortel Networks
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To: John Zwiebel <John.Zwiebel@procket.com>
CC: Ashish Zalani <azalani@opnet.com>, pim@catarina.usc.edu
Subject: Re: Question about PIM-SM
References: <4.2.1.20010621115415.00ac5b10@mail.opnet.com> <4.2.1.20010621143011.00ac4100@mail.opnet.com> <3B326398.AE877D3B@Procket.com>
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I know this is the pim list but just an FYI...

MOSPF had the capability of accepting packets from multiple links between
the *same* two MOSPF routers.

Regards,

Hal

John Zwiebel wrote:

> Ashish Zalani wrote:
> >
> > > > The reason I ask this is because I am running into a situation
> > > where one
> > > > router has multiple routes to the RP of a multicast group. It sets
> > > the iif
> > > > as one of the interfaces that it uses to reach the RP. But any
> > > multicast
> > > > packets for that group that are received on a different interface
> > > are being
> > > > dropped by the router.
> > > >
> > >
> > > This is exactly what you want it to do.
> >
> > Let me state my problem a little differently. In my case, there are
> > multiple (equal cost) paths between the RP and this router (and those
> > multiple paths come in on different interfaces on the router). The
> > router stores only one interface set as it's incoming interface for
> > the RP. But due to the multiple paths the unicast routing distributes
> > the packets along different paths and the router receives the packets
> > on different interfaces, though each one could have been a valid
> > incoming interface. All packets that come in on any interface other
> > than the marked incoming interface are dropped. I think this is
> > undesirable behavior.
> >
> > -Ashish.
> >
>
> At this time, there is no way to be able to do load-sharing of
> multicast packets between multiple paths.  You can use one and
> only one.
>
> The router that is "distributing" the packets on different paths
> is doing something wrong.  Why is "unicast" routing involved in
> the forwarding decision at all?  Unicast should only be used to
> determine whether or not the packet came in on the correct interface
> and to determine the upstream router to which you want to send a
> PIM join.  Even the old RFC's state that if there is more than
> one upstream equal-cost choice that the JOIN is sent to the one with the
> highest IP address.

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From owner-pim@catarina.usc.edu  Fri Jun 22 13:40:43 2001
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Date: Fri, 22 Jun 2001 10:18:16 -0700
From: John Zwiebel <John.Zwiebel@procket.com>
Organization: Procket Networks
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To: Hal Sandick <hsandick@nortelnetworks.com>
CC: Ashish Zalani <azalani@opnet.com>, pim@catarina.usc.edu
Subject: Re: Question about PIM-SM
References: <4.2.1.20010621115415.00ac5b10@mail.opnet.com> <4.2.1.20010621143011.00ac4100@mail.opnet.com> <3B326398.AE877D3B@Procket.com> <3B33585B.8FC8B8DD@nortelnetworks.com>
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Hal Sandick wrote:
> 
> I know this is the pim list but just an FYI...
> 
> MOSPF had the capability of accepting packets from multiple links between
> the *same* two MOSPF routers.
> 

There is nothing in PIM that prevents this.  But the point is
orthogonal to the question posed.  

> Regards,
> 
> Hal
> 
> John Zwiebel wrote:
> 
> > Ashish Zalani wrote:
> > >
> > > > > The reason I ask this is because I am running into a situation
> > > > where one
> > > > > router has multiple routes to the RP of a multicast group. It sets
> > > > the iif
> > > > > as one of the interfaces that it uses to reach the RP. But any
> > > > multicast
> > > > > packets for that group that are received on a different interface
> > > > are being
> > > > > dropped by the router.
> > > > >
> > > >
> > > > This is exactly what you want it to do.
> > >
> > > Let me state my problem a little differently. In my case, there are
> > > multiple (equal cost) paths between the RP and this router (and those
> > > multiple paths come in on different interfaces on the router). The
> > > router stores only one interface set as it's incoming interface for
> > > the RP. But due to the multiple paths the unicast routing distributes
> > > the packets along different paths and the router receives the packets
> > > on different interfaces, though each one could have been a valid
> > > incoming interface. All packets that come in on any interface other
> > > than the marked incoming interface are dropped. I think this is
> > > undesirable behavior.
> > >
> > > -Ashish.
> > >
> >
> > At this time, there is no way to be able to do load-sharing of
> > multicast packets between multiple paths.  You can use one and
> > only one.
> >
> > The router that is "distributing" the packets on different paths
> > is doing something wrong.  Why is "unicast" routing involved in
> > the forwarding decision at all?  Unicast should only be used to
> > determine whether or not the packet came in on the correct interface
> > and to determine the upstream router to which you want to send a
> > PIM join.  Even the old RFC's state that if there is more than
> > one upstream equal-cost choice that the JOIN is sent to the one with the
> > highest IP address.


From owner-pim@catarina.usc.edu  Fri Jun 22 13:47:51 2001
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Date: Fri, 22 Jun 2001 19:29:29 +0200
From: Sivasubramanian Krishnan <sivasubk@sebb.bel.alcatel.be>
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Subject: multicast forwarding over PPPoE
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Hello

When several PPPoE hosts listen on the same group  then
it is required to duplicate the multicast packets since the PPP
session ID's are different. This means that the purpose of
multicast is not served over PPPoE.

If there is a mapping of group addresses to session-id's when
the PPP session is negotiated , similar to IP multicast group address
to MAC address mapping ,then we could have all the hosts having
the same session ID and avoid the duplication.

One possibility is during the PPPoE  Discovery
Stage the PADS packet from the AC  takes care of this and
assigns the proper session ID  based on the multicast group
which could be sent somehow!!! by the host in the PADR packet
as TAG .

Is this feasible ? Please comment.

Is there any other solution to avoid  duplicate multicast packets
in PPPoE ?


Krishnan





From owner-pim@catarina.usc.edu  Fri Jun 22 13:48:48 2001
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To: John Zwiebel <John.Zwiebel@procket.com>
From: Ashish Zalani <azalani@opnet.com>
Subject: Re: Question about PIM-SM
Cc: pim@catarina.usc.edu
In-Reply-To: <3B326398.AE877D3B@Procket.com>
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 <4.2.1.20010621143011.00ac4100@mail.opnet.com>
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At 02:14 PM 6/21/01 -0700, John Zwiebel wrote:
> >
> > Let me state my problem a little differently. In my case, there are
> > multiple (equal cost) paths between the RP and this router (and those
> > multiple paths come in on different interfaces on the router). The
> > router stores only one interface set as it's incoming interface for
> > the RP. But due to the multiple paths the unicast routing distributes
> > the packets along different paths and the router receives the packets
> > on different interfaces, though each one could have been a valid
> > incoming interface. All packets that come in on any interface other
> > than the marked incoming interface are dropped. I think this is
> > undesirable behavior.
> >
> > -Ashish.
> >
>
>At this time, there is no way to be able to do load-sharing of
>multicast packets between multiple paths.  You can use one and
>only one.
>
>The router that is "distributing" the packets on different paths
>is doing something wrong.  Why is "unicast" routing involved in
>the forwarding decision at all?  Unicast should only be used to
>determine whether or not the packet came in on the correct interface
>and to determine the upstream router to which you want to send a
>PIM join.  Even the old RFC's state that if there is more than
>one upstream equal-cost choice that the JOIN is sent to the one with the
>highest IP address.

Well, thanks to everyone who responded to my query. I must clarify that the 
problem that I was seeing was actually due to a bug in the implementation 
that I had. At first I probably misunderstood how the protocol works, but 
on giving it more thought I realized that there was no reason why the 
multiple paths should have caused problems.

No, my problem actually was that the router was sending the JOIN message on 
one interface, but was (incorrectly) setting a different interface as the 
incoming interface. And this problem only surfaced when the router had 
multiple (unicast) paths to the RP.

Sorry for all the confusion.

-Ashish.
Ashish Zalani
Modeling Engineer
OPNET Technologies, Inc.
===========================================================
Come to the networking industry's premier conference,
OPNETWORK 2001 August 27 - August 31
(http://www.opnet.com/opnetwork2001/home.html)
and to OPNET's cutting-edge seminars
(http://www.opnet.com/seminars.html)




From owner-pim@catarina.usc.edu  Fri Jun 22 13:49:55 2001
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To: John Zwiebel <John.Zwiebel@procket.com>
CC: Ashish Zalani <azalani@opnet.com>, pim@catarina.usc.edu
Subject: Re: Question about PIM-SM
References: <4.2.1.20010621115415.00ac5b10@mail.opnet.com> <4.2.1.20010621143011.00ac4100@mail.opnet.com> <3B326398.AE877D3B@Procket.com> <3B33585B.8FC8B8DD@nortelnetworks.com> <3B337DD8.4B4BA9D5@Procket.com>
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John,

John Zwiebel wrote:

> Hal Sandick wrote:
> >
> > I know this is the pim list but just an FYI...
> >
> > MOSPF had the capability of accepting packets from multiple links between
> > the *same* two MOSPF routers.
> >
>
> There is nothing in PIM that prevents this.

I don't believe this is true.  in mospf you look suppose to look at the rpf to
the *router id* of the upstream router.  In pim you look at the iif.


> But the point is
> orthogonal to the question posed.

sorry, I don't entirely agree -- I think it about 60 degrees. :)  Seriouly, this
is one way of doing load sharing over multiple links.

Regards,

Hal



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--------------msE2BD6AF9BF90D3EA4DADF574--



From owner-pim@catarina.usc.edu  Fri Jun 22 22:21:31 2001
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From: Mathur Sonum-CSM109 <sonum@motorola.com>
To: "'John Zwiebel'" <John.Zwiebel@procket.com>
Cc: "'pim@catarina.usc.edu'" <pim@catarina.usc.edu>
Subject: RE: RP on a stick scenario
Date: Fri, 22 Jun 2001 20:57:16 -0500
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So, RP should somehow mark this scenario when its (S,G) OIF is Null and it receives (*,G) on IIF without (S,G) RPT Prune. This state would tell it to send periodic (S,G) Joins towards source. One more question related to this is - in the topology mentioned below, when R1 sends (S,G) RPT Prune on LAN for the first time, how does R2 override that Prune - with (S,G) RPT Join ? If yes, will R2 keep sending (S,G) RPT Joins periodically ?

--
Sonum

>         ---------------------------------LAN
>         |       |       |
>         R1      RP      R2----Rcvr
>         |
>         R3---Sender
>         |
>         Rcvr

-----Original Message-----
From: John Zwiebel [mailto:John.Zwiebel@Procket.com]
Sent: Thursday, June 21, 2001 3:27 PM
To: Mathur Sonum-CSM109
Cc: 'pim@catarina.usc.edu'
Subject: Re: RP on a stick scenario


Mathur Sonum-CSM109 wrote:

If R2 doesn't send (S,G) joins (which you would have had to specifically
configure it to do because even though the IIF for the RPT and the SPT
may
be the same, that has nothing to do with which tree that router is
joined to).

-- then it must be sending (*,G) joins, which means that the RP should 
have a non-NULL olist for the (*,G).

An RP that is receiving a (*,G) join without a (S,G,RP) prune (and R2
has
to be sending the (*,G) join part as long as there is a member and if
it "never joins the shortest-path" as you said then it doens't include
the (S,G,RP-bit) prune in the message) should know that it must continue
to send (S,G) joins for the group.  The specifics on you you want to
make this 
happen are up to you.

[NOTE: any router that receives a JOIN/PRUNE message with only a (*,G)
part
and no (S,G,rp-bit)prune part has received some very important
information
that it should act on.]

Let me say again that if you are looking at RFC2362, you're wasting your
time.

> 
> When RP has an (S,G) entry with Null OIF and IIF is on a shared link,  which has some other recievers, there is a possibility of data hole. This was one of the issues in RFC 2362 as specified in PIM-SM issue #27: Turnaround rules incompletely specified
> 
>         ---------------------------------LAN
>         |       |       |
>         R1      RP      R2----Rcvr
>         |
>         R3---Sender
>         |
>         Rcvr
> 
> R2 never sends (S,G) Join directly to source (as it never goes to shortest path tree) and RP doesn't send periodic (S,G) Join as its OIF is Null and is not forwarding. This may lead to no data on LAN.
> 
> RP needs to have some state (or special flag in (S,G) entry) which indicates that it has to send periodic (S,G) Joins to source to get data on LAN. If this issue has already been resolved in the new spec, please explain how.
> 
> Thanks
> --
> Sonum
> _______________________________________________
> Pim-external mailing list
> Pim-external@mailist.procket.com
> http://mailist.procket.com/mailman/listinfo/pim-external


From owner-pim@catarina.usc.edu  Fri Jun 22 23:36:39 2001
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To: Mathur Sonum-CSM109 <sonum@motorola.com>
CC: "'pim@catarina.usc.edu'" <pim@catarina.usc.edu>
Subject: Re: RP on a stick scenario
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Mathur Sonum-CSM109 wrote:
> 
> So, RP should somehow mark this scenario when its (S,G) OIF is Null and it >receives (*,G) on IIF without (S,G) RPT Prune. This state would tell it to send >periodic (S,G) Joins towards source.

You don't have to limit this to just the RP.  Any router that has the
shared-tree intersect with the shortest-path between the source and 
the RP could use this same functionality.  (That way you don't
have to have data flow up to the RP that you aren't interested in)
BTW, this is the X-flag.

> One more question related to this is - in the topology mentioned below, when R1 >sends (S,G) RPT Prune on LAN for the first time, how does R2 override that Prune - >with (S,G) RPT Join ? If yes, will R2 keep sending (S,G) RPT Joins periodically ?

R2 doesn't have to override the prune if you do your implementation
correctly.
And as you suggest, having to override an (s,g,r) prune every time is
kind of
painful.  (I believe the new PIM draft does say something about an
(s,g,r) join but is pretty clear that this is a unique event that is
only triggered -- this event/topology is not unique.)

If I go any farther though I'll tell you how it was done at Cisco and 
it took me an awful long time to get (nameless) to pay attention to me
on
this point.  :-)  (Truthfully, I'm not sure its all right to get that 
specific, but if you had a couple of ciscos, you'd be able to watch it
happen and figure it all out in about an hour.  Now, if someone from
Cisco wants to tell you, that's fine.) There are different trade-offs.

In any case, I'm also pretty sure the new pim spec addresses this.  (But
I have a very bad memory and haven't read it in at least 4 months).


> 
> --
> Sonum
> 
> >         ---------------------------------LAN
> >         |       |       |
> >         R1      RP      R2----Rcvr
> >         |
> >         R3---Sender
> >         |
> >         Rcvr
> 
> -----Original Message-----
> From: John Zwiebel [mailto:John.Zwiebel@Procket.com]
> Sent: Thursday, June 21, 2001 3:27 PM
> To: Mathur Sonum-CSM109
> Cc: 'pim@catarina.usc.edu'
> Subject: Re: RP on a stick scenario
> 
> Mathur Sonum-CSM109 wrote:
> 
> If R2 doesn't send (S,G) joins (which you would have had to specifically
> configure it to do because even though the IIF for the RPT and the SPT
> may
> be the same, that has nothing to do with which tree that router is
> joined to).
> 
> -- then it must be sending (*,G) joins, which means that the RP should
> have a non-NULL olist for the (*,G).
> 
> An RP that is receiving a (*,G) join without a (S,G,RP) prune (and R2
> has
> to be sending the (*,G) join part as long as there is a member and if
> it "never joins the shortest-path" as you said then it doens't include
> the (S,G,RP-bit) prune in the message) should know that it must continue
> to send (S,G) joins for the group.  The specifics on you you want to
> make this
> happen are up to you.
> 
> [NOTE: any router that receives a JOIN/PRUNE message with only a (*,G)
> part
> and no (S,G,rp-bit)prune part has received some very important
> information
> that it should act on.]
> 
> Let me say again that if you are looking at RFC2362, you're wasting your
> time.
> 
> >
> > When RP has an (S,G) entry with Null OIF and IIF is on a shared link,  which has some other recievers, there is a possibility of data hole. This was one of the issues in RFC 2362 as specified in PIM-SM issue #27: Turnaround rules incompletely specified
> >
> >         ---------------------------------LAN
> >         |       |       |
> >         R1      RP      R2----Rcvr
> >         |
> >         R3---Sender
> >         |
> >         Rcvr
> >
> > R2 never sends (S,G) Join directly to source (as it never goes to shortest path tree) and RP doesn't send periodic (S,G) Join as its OIF is Null and is not forwarding. This may lead to no data on LAN.
> >
> > RP needs to have some state (or special flag in (S,G) entry) which indicates that it has to send periodic (S,G) Joins to source to get data on LAN. If this issue has already been resolved in the new spec, please explain how.
> >
> > Thanks
> > --
> > Sonum
> > _______________________________________________
> > Pim-external mailing list
> > Pim-external@mailist.procket.com
> > http://mailist.procket.com/mailman/listinfo/pim-external


From owner-pim@catarina.usc.edu  Tue Jun 26 00:07:07 2001
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Date: Tue, 26 Jun 2001 11:48:32 +0800 (CST)
From: =?gb2312?q?Jiang=20Pet?= <jiangpet@yahoo.com>
Reply-To: jiangpet@yahoo.com
Subject: Is there ps version of RFC2362
To: pim@catarina.usc.edu
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Hi all,

In RFC2362.txt, it said that figures are only in ps
version. I can't find the ps version through Internet.

Is there any guy can tell me where can I get the ps
version?

Thanks a lot.

Don Jiang

_________________________________________________________
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From owner-pim@catarina.usc.edu  Tue Jun 26 04:57:49 2001
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From: arvindmk@in.huawei.com
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To: pim@catarina.usc.edu
Subject: Pls send the postscript version of PIM
Date: Tue, 26 Jun 2001 14:20:57 +0500
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this format, some or all of this message may not be legible.

------_=_NextPart_001_01C0FE21.4EC0ADC0
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	charset="iso-8859-1"

Hi,

I downloaded the file from the <http://catarina.usc.edu/pim/> 
But I am not able to unzip it, it seems the file is corrupted, could you
send me the good copy of the same for RFC 2362

Thanks
Arvind


" Attitude not the Aptitude , that makes your Altitude. "
"Strength is life, weekness is death"

Arvind Mollin Kubendran
Software Engg , Huawei Technologies
Leela Palace, Airport Rd, Bangalore .
Ph :5216824,26,27 Fax:5278248


------_=_NextPart_001_01C0FE21.4EC0ADC0
Content-Type: text/html;
	charset="iso-8859-1"
Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable

<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 3.2//EN">
<HTML>
<HEAD>
<META HTTP-EQUIV=3D"Content-Type" CONTENT=3D"text/html; =
charset=3Diso-8859-1">
<META NAME=3D"Generator" CONTENT=3D"MS Exchange Server version =
5.5.2653.12">
<TITLE>Pls send the postscript version of PIM</TITLE>
</HEAD>
<BODY>

<P><FONT SIZE=3D2 FACE=3D"Arial">Hi,</FONT>
</P>

<P><FONT SIZE=3D2 FACE=3D"Arial">I downloaded the file from =
the<U></U></FONT><U></U><U> <FONT COLOR=3D"#0000FF" FACE=3D"Times New =
Roman">&lt;<A HREF=3D"http://catarina.usc.edu/pim/" =
TARGET=3D"_blank">http://catarina.usc.edu/pim/</A>&gt;</FONT></U><FONT =
FACE=3D"Times New Roman"> </FONT>
<BR><FONT FACE=3D"Times New Roman">But I am not able to unzip it, it =
seems the file is corrupted, could you send me the good copy of the =
same for RFC 2362</FONT>
</P>

<P><FONT FACE=3D"Times New Roman">Thanks</FONT>
<BR><FONT FACE=3D"Times New Roman">Arvind</FONT>
</P>
<BR>

<P><B><FONT COLOR=3D"#FF0000" SIZE=3D1 FACE=3D"Arial">&quot; Attitude =
not the Aptitude , that makes your Altitude. &quot;</FONT></B>
<BR><B><FONT COLOR=3D"#FF0000" SIZE=3D1 FACE=3D"Arial">&quot;Strength =
is life, weekness is death&quot;</FONT></B>
</P>

<P><B><FONT SIZE=3D1 FACE=3D"Arial">Arvind Mollin Kubendran</FONT></B>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D1 FACE=3D"Arial">Software Engg ,</FONT><B> <FONT =
SIZE=3D1 FACE=3D"Arial">Huawei Technologies</FONT></B>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D1 FACE=3D"Arial">Leela Palace, Airport Rd, Bangalore =
.</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D1 FACE=3D"Arial">Ph :5216824,26,27 Fax:5278248</FONT>
</P>

</BODY>
</HTML>
------_=_NextPart_001_01C0FE21.4EC0ADC0--


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Hi Arvind,

Here is the .ps document (RFC 2362).
Hope this is what you're looking for.

Regards
Reji

arvindmk@in.huawei.com wrote:

>
>
> Hi,
>
> I downloaded the file from the<http://catarina.usc.edu/pim/>
> But I am not able to unzip it, it seems the file is corrupted, could
> you send me the good copy of the same for RFC 2362
>
> Thanks
> Arvind
>
> " Attitude not the Aptitude , that makes your Altitude. "
> "Strength is life, weekness is death"
>
> Arvind Mollin Kubendran
> Software Engg , Huawei Technologies
> Leela Palace, Airport Rd, Bangalore .
> Ph :5216824,26,27 Fax:5278248

--
Reji Varghese
Motorola India

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<!doctype html public "-//w3c//dtd html 4.0 transitional//en">
<html>
Hi Arvind,
<p>Here is the .ps document (RFC&nbsp;2362).
<br>Hope this is what you're looking for.
<p>Regards
<br>Reji
<p>arvindmk@in.huawei.com wrote:
<blockquote TYPE=CITE>&nbsp;
<p><font face="Arial"><font size=-1>Hi,</font></font>
<p><font face="Arial"><font size=-1>I downloaded the file from the</font></font><u><font face="Times New Roman"><font color="#0000FF">&lt;<a href="http://catarina.usc.edu/pim/" TARGET="_blank">http://catarina.usc.edu/pim/</a>></font></font></u>
<br><font face="Times New Roman">But I am not able to unzip it, it seems
the file is corrupted, could you send me the good copy of the same for
RFC 2362</font>
<p><font face="Times New Roman">Thanks</font>
<br><font face="Times New Roman">Arvind</font>
<p><b><font face="Arial"><font color="#FF0000"><font size=-2>" Attitude
not the Aptitude , that makes your Altitude. "</font></font></font></b>
<br><b><font face="Arial"><font color="#FF0000"><font size=-2>"Strength
is life, weekness is death"</font></font></font></b>
<p><b><font face="Arial"><font size=-2>Arvind Mollin Kubendran</font></font></b>
<br><font face="Arial"><font size=-2>Software Engg ,</font></font><b> <font face="Arial"><font size=-2>Huawei
Technologies</font></font></b>
<br><font face="Arial"><font size=-2>Leela Palace, Airport Rd, Bangalore
.</font></font>
<br><font face="Arial"><font size=-2>Ph :5216824,26,27 Fax:5278248</font></font></blockquote>

<p><br>--&nbsp;<br>
<tt>Reji Varghese<br>
Motorola India&nbsp;<br>
<br>
</tt></html>

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%%EndProlog
%%BeginSetup
%%Feature: *Resolution 600dpi
TeXDict begin

%%EndSetup
%%Page: 0 1
0 0 bop 23 166 a Fo(Proto)t(col)44 b(Indep)t(enden)l(t)h
(Multicast{Sparse)g(Mo)t(de)e(\(PIM-SM\):)g(Proto)t(col)1583
309 y(Sp)t(eci\014cation)17 702 y Fn(Deb)s(orah)35 b(Estrin)17
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4 4 bop -125 -149 a Fh(draft-ietf-idmr-PIM-SM-sp)s(ec-10.ps)2718
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%%BeginDocument: example.1.ps
%
% Frame ps_prolog 4.0, for use with Frame 4.0 products
% This ps_prolog file is Copyright (c) 1986-1993 Frame Technology
% Corporation.  All rights reserved.  This ps_prolog file may be
% freely copied and distributed in conjunction with documents created
% using FrameMaker, FrameBuilder and FrameViewer as long as this 
% copyright notice is preserved.
%
% Frame products normally print colors as their true color on a color printer
% or as shades of gray, based on luminance, on a black-and white printer. The
% following flag, if set to True, forces all non-white colors to print as pure
% black. This has no effect on bitmap images.
/FMPrintAllColorsAsBlack             false def
%
% Frame products can either set their own line screens or use a printer's 
% default settings. Three flags below control this separately for no 
% separations, spot separations and process separations. If a flag
% is true, then the default printer settings will not be changed. If it is
% false, Frame products will use their own settings from a table based on
% the printer's resolution.
/FMUseDefaultNoSeparationScreen      true  def
/FMUseDefaultSpotSeparationScreen    true  def
/FMUseDefaultProcessSeparationScreen false def
%
% For any given PostScript printer resolution, Frame products have two sets of 
% screen angles and frequencies for printing process separations, which are 
% recomended by Adobe. The following variable chooses the higher frequencies
% when set to true or the lower frequencies when set to false. This is only
% effective if the appropriate FMUseDefault...SeparationScreen flag is false.
/FMUseHighFrequencyScreens true def
%
% PostScript Level 2 printers contain an "Accurate Screens" feature which can
% improve process separation rendering at the expense of compute time. This 
% flag is ignored by PostScript Level 1 printers.
/FMUseAcccurateScreens true def
%
% The following PostScript procedure defines the spot function that Frame
% products will use for process separations. You may un-comment-out one of
% the alternative functions below, or use your own.
%
% Dot function
/FMSpotFunction {abs exch abs 2 copy add 1 gt 
		{1 sub dup mul exch 1 sub dup mul add 1 sub }
		{dup mul exch dup mul add 1 exch sub }ifelse } def
%
% Line function
% /FMSpotFunction { pop } def
%
% Elipse function
% /FMSpotFunction { dup 5 mul 8 div mul exch dup mul exch add 
%		sqrt 1 exch sub } def
%
%
/FMversion (4.0) def 
/FMLevel1 /languagelevel where {pop languagelevel} {1} ifelse 2 lt def
/FMPColor
	FMLevel1 {
		false
		/colorimage where {pop pop true} if
	} {
		true
	} ifelse
def
/FrameDict 400 dict def 
systemdict /errordict known not {/errordict 10 dict def
		errordict /rangecheck {stop} put} if
% The readline in PS 23.0 doesn't recognize cr's as nl's on AppleTalk
FrameDict /tmprangecheck errordict /rangecheck get put 
errordict /rangecheck {FrameDict /bug true put} put 
FrameDict /bug false put 
mark 
% Some PS machines read past the CR, so keep the following 3 lines together!
currentfile 5 string readline
00
0000000000
cleartomark 
errordict /rangecheck FrameDict /tmprangecheck get put 
FrameDict /bug get { 
	/readline {
		/gstring exch def
		/gfile exch def
		/gindex 0 def
		{
			gfile read pop 
			dup 10 eq {exit} if 
			dup 13 eq {exit} if 
			gstring exch gindex exch put 
			/gindex gindex 1 add def 
		} loop
		pop 
		gstring 0 gindex getinterval true 
		} bind def
	} if
/FMshowpage /showpage load def
/FMquit /quit load def
/FMFAILURE { 
	dup = flush 
	FMshowpage 
	/Helvetica findfont 12 scalefont setfont
	72 200 moveto
	show FMshowpage 
	FMquit 
	} def 
/FMVERSION {
	FMversion ne {
		(Frame product version does not match ps_prolog!) FMFAILURE
		} if
	} def 
/FMBADEPSF { 
	(PostScript Lang. Ref. Man., 2nd Ed., H.2.4 says EPS must not call X              )
	dup dup (X) search pop exch pop exch pop length 
	4 -1 roll 
	putinterval 
	FMFAILURE
	} def
/FMLOCAL {
	FrameDict begin
	0 def 
	end 
	} def 
/concatprocs
	{
	/proc2 exch cvlit def/proc1 exch cvlit def/newproc proc1 length proc2 length add array def
	newproc 0 proc1 putinterval newproc proc1 length proc2 putinterval newproc cvx
}def
FrameDict begin 
/FMnone 0 def
/FMcyan 1 def
/FMmagenta 2 def
/FMyellow 3 def
/FMblack 4 def
/FMcustom 5 def
/FrameNegative false def 
/FrameSepIs FMnone def 
/FrameSepBlack 0 def
/FrameSepYellow 0 def
/FrameSepMagenta 0 def
/FrameSepCyan 0 def
/FrameSepRed 1 def
/FrameSepGreen 1 def
/FrameSepBlue 1 def
/FrameCurGray 1 def
/FrameCurPat null def
/FrameCurColors [ 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 ] def 
/FrameColorEpsilon .001 def	
/eqepsilon {		
	sub dup 0 lt {neg} if
	FrameColorEpsilon le
} bind def
/FrameCmpColorsCMYK { 
	2 copy 0 get exch 0 get eqepsilon {
		2 copy 1 get exch 1 get eqepsilon {
			2 copy 2 get exch 2 get eqepsilon {
				3 get exch 3 get eqepsilon
			} {pop pop false} ifelse
		}{pop pop false} ifelse
	} {pop pop false} ifelse
} bind def
/FrameCmpColorsRGB { 
	2 copy 4 get exch 0 get eqepsilon {
		2 copy 5 get exch 1 get eqepsilon {
			6 get exch 2 get eqepsilon
		}{pop pop false} ifelse
	} {pop pop false} ifelse
} bind def
/RGBtoCMYK { 
	1 exch sub 
	3 1 roll 
	1 exch sub 
	3 1 roll 
	1 exch sub 
	3 1 roll 
	3 copy 
	2 copy 
	le { pop } { exch pop } ifelse 
	2 copy 
	le { pop } { exch pop } ifelse 
	dup dup dup 
	6 1 roll 
	4 1 roll 
	7 1 roll 
	sub 
	6 1 roll 
	sub 
	5 1 roll 
	sub 
	4 1 roll 
} bind def
/CMYKtoRGB { 
	dup dup 4 -1 roll add 						  
	5 1 roll 3 -1 roll add 						  
	4 1 roll add 								  
	1 exch sub dup 0 lt {pop 0} if 3 1 roll 	  
	1 exch sub dup 0 lt {pop 0} if exch 	      
	1 exch sub dup 0 lt {pop 0} if exch	  		  
} bind def
/FrameSepInit {
	1.0 RealSetgray
} bind def
/FrameSetSepColor { 
	/FrameSepBlue exch def
	/FrameSepGreen exch def
	/FrameSepRed exch def
	/FrameSepBlack exch def
	/FrameSepYellow exch def
	/FrameSepMagenta exch def
	/FrameSepCyan exch def
	/FrameSepIs FMcustom def
	setCurrentScreen	
} bind def
/FrameSetCyan {
	/FrameSepBlue 1.0 def
	/FrameSepGreen 1.0 def
	/FrameSepRed 0.0 def
	/FrameSepBlack 0.0 def
	/FrameSepYellow 0.0 def
	/FrameSepMagenta 0.0 def
	/FrameSepCyan 1.0 def
	/FrameSepIs FMcyan def
	setCurrentScreen	
} bind def
 
/FrameSetMagenta {
	/FrameSepBlue 1.0 def
	/FrameSepGreen 0.0 def
	/FrameSepRed 1.0 def
	/FrameSepBlack 0.0 def
	/FrameSepYellow 0.0 def
	/FrameSepMagenta 1.0 def
	/FrameSepCyan 0.0 def
	/FrameSepIs FMmagenta def
	setCurrentScreen
} bind def
 
/FrameSetYellow {
	/FrameSepBlue 0.0 def
	/FrameSepGreen 1.0 def
	/FrameSepRed 1.0 def
	/FrameSepBlack 0.0 def
	/FrameSepYellow 1.0 def
	/FrameSepMagenta 0.0 def
	/FrameSepCyan 0.0 def
	/FrameSepIs FMyellow def
	setCurrentScreen
} bind def
 
/FrameSetBlack {
	/FrameSepBlue 0.0 def
	/FrameSepGreen 0.0 def
	/FrameSepRed 0.0 def
	/FrameSepBlack 1.0 def
	/FrameSepYellow 0.0 def
	/FrameSepMagenta 0.0 def
	/FrameSepCyan 0.0 def
	/FrameSepIs FMblack def
	setCurrentScreen
} bind def
 
/FrameNoSep { 
	/FrameSepIs FMnone def
	setCurrentScreen
} bind def
/FrameSetSepColors { 
	FrameDict begin
	[ exch 1 add 1 roll ]
	/FrameSepColors  
	exch def end
	} bind def
/FrameColorInSepListCMYK { 
	FrameSepColors {  
       		exch dup 3 -1 roll 
       		FrameCmpColorsCMYK 
       		{ pop true exit } if
    	} forall 
	dup true ne {pop false} if
	} bind def
/FrameColorInSepListRGB { 
	FrameSepColors {  
       		exch dup 3 -1 roll 
       		FrameCmpColorsRGB 
       		{ pop true exit } if
    	} forall 
	dup true ne {pop false} if
	} bind def
/RealSetgray /setgray load def
/RealSetrgbcolor /setrgbcolor load def
/RealSethsbcolor /sethsbcolor load def
end 
/setgray { 
	FrameDict begin
	FrameSepIs FMnone eq
		{ RealSetgray } 
		{ 
		FrameSepIs FMblack eq 
			{ RealSetgray } 
			{ FrameSepIs FMcustom eq 
			  FrameSepRed 0 eq and
			  FrameSepGreen 0 eq and
			  FrameSepBlue 0 eq and {
			  	RealSetgray
			  } {
				1 RealSetgray pop 
			  } ifelse
			} ifelse
		} ifelse
	end
} bind def
/setrgbcolor { 
	FrameDict begin
	FrameSepIs FMnone eq
	{  RealSetrgbcolor }
	{
		3 copy [ 4 1 roll ] 
		FrameColorInSepListRGB
		{
				FrameSepBlue eq exch 
			 	FrameSepGreen eq and exch 
			 	FrameSepRed eq and
			 	{ 0 } { 1 } ifelse
		}
		{
			FMPColor {
				RealSetrgbcolor
				currentcmykcolor
			} {
				RGBtoCMYK
			} ifelse
			FrameSepIs FMblack eq
			{1.0 exch sub 4 1 roll pop pop pop} {
			FrameSepIs FMyellow eq
			{pop 1.0 exch sub 3 1 roll pop pop} {
			FrameSepIs FMmagenta eq
			{pop pop 1.0 exch sub exch pop } {
			FrameSepIs FMcyan eq
			{pop pop pop 1.0 exch sub } 
			{pop pop pop pop 1} ifelse } ifelse } ifelse } ifelse 
		} ifelse
		RealSetgray
	} 
	ifelse
	end
} bind def
/sethsbcolor {
	FrameDict begin
	FrameSepIs FMnone eq 
	{ RealSethsbcolor } 
	{
		RealSethsbcolor 
		currentrgbcolor  
		setrgbcolor 
	} 
	ifelse
	end
} bind def
FrameDict begin
/setcmykcolor where {
	pop /RealSetcmykcolor /setcmykcolor load def
} {
	/RealSetcmykcolor {
		4 1 roll
		3 { 3 index add 0 max 1 min 1 exch sub 3 1 roll} repeat 
		setrgbcolor pop
	} bind def
} ifelse
userdict /setcmykcolor { 
		FrameDict begin
		FrameSepIs FMnone eq
		{ RealSetcmykcolor } 
		{
			4 copy [ 5 1 roll ]
			FrameColorInSepListCMYK
			{
				FrameSepBlack eq exch 
				FrameSepYellow eq and exch 
				FrameSepMagenta eq and exch 
				FrameSepCyan eq and 
				{ 0 } { 1 } ifelse
			}
			{
				FrameSepIs FMblack eq
				{1.0 exch sub 4 1 roll pop pop pop} {
				FrameSepIs FMyellow eq
				{pop 1.0 exch sub 3 1 roll pop pop} {
				FrameSepIs FMmagenta eq
				{pop pop 1.0 exch sub exch pop } {
				FrameSepIs FMcyan eq
				{pop pop pop 1.0 exch sub } 
				{pop pop pop pop 1} ifelse } ifelse } ifelse } ifelse 
			} ifelse
			RealSetgray
		}
		ifelse
		end
	} bind put
FMLevel1 not { 
	
	/patProcDict 5 dict dup begin
		<0f1e3c78f0e1c387> { 3 setlinewidth -1 -1 moveto 9 9 lineto stroke 
											4 -4 moveto 12 4 lineto stroke
											-4 4 moveto 4 12 lineto stroke} bind def
		<0f87c3e1f0783c1e> { 3 setlinewidth -1 9 moveto 9 -1 lineto stroke 
											-4 4 moveto 4 -4 lineto stroke
											4 12 moveto 12 4 lineto stroke} bind def
		<8142241818244281> { 1 setlinewidth -1 9 moveto 9 -1 lineto stroke
											-1 -1 moveto 9 9 lineto stroke } bind def
		<03060c183060c081> { 1 setlinewidth -1 -1 moveto 9 9 lineto stroke 
											4 -4 moveto 12 4 lineto stroke
											-4 4 moveto 4 12 lineto stroke} bind def
		<8040201008040201> { 1 setlinewidth -1 9 moveto 9 -1 lineto stroke 
											-4 4 moveto 4 -4 lineto stroke
											4 12 moveto 12 4 lineto stroke} bind def
	end def
	/patDict 15 dict dup begin
		/PatternType 1 def		
		/PaintType 2 def		
		/TilingType 3 def		
		/BBox [ 0 0 8 8 ] def 	
		/XStep 8 def			
		/YStep 8 def			
		/PaintProc {
			begin
			patProcDict bstring known {
				patProcDict bstring get exec
			} {
				8 8 true [1 0 0 -1 0 8] bstring imagemask
			} ifelse
			end
		} bind def
	end def
} if
/combineColor {
    FrameSepIs FMnone eq
	{
		graymode FMLevel1 or not {
			
			[/Pattern [/DeviceCMYK]] setcolorspace
			FrameCurColors 0 4 getinterval aload pop FrameCurPat setcolor
		} {
			FrameCurColors 3 get 1.0 ge {
				FrameCurGray RealSetgray
			} {
				FMPColor graymode and {
					0 1 3 { 
						FrameCurColors exch get
						1 FrameCurGray sub mul
					} for
					RealSetcmykcolor
				} {
					4 1 6 {
						FrameCurColors exch get
						graymode {
							1 exch sub 1 FrameCurGray sub mul 1 exch sub
						} {
							1.0 lt {FrameCurGray} {1} ifelse
						} ifelse
					} for
					RealSetrgbcolor
				} ifelse
			} ifelse
		} ifelse
	} { 
		FrameCurColors 0 4 getinterval aload
		FrameColorInSepListCMYK {
			FrameSepBlack eq exch 
			FrameSepYellow eq and exch 
			FrameSepMagenta eq and exch 
			FrameSepCyan eq and
			FrameSepIs FMcustom eq and
			{ FrameCurGray } { 1 } ifelse
		} {
			FrameSepIs FMblack eq
			{FrameCurGray 1.0 exch sub mul 1.0 exch sub 4 1 roll pop pop pop} {
			FrameSepIs FMyellow eq
			{pop FrameCurGray 1.0 exch sub mul 1.0 exch sub 3 1 roll pop pop} {
			FrameSepIs FMmagenta eq
			{pop pop FrameCurGray 1.0 exch sub mul 1.0 exch sub exch pop } {
			FrameSepIs FMcyan eq
			{pop pop pop FrameCurGray 1.0 exch sub mul 1.0 exch sub } 
			{pop pop pop pop 1} ifelse } ifelse } ifelse } ifelse 
		} ifelse
		graymode FMLevel1 or not {
			
			[/Pattern [/DeviceGray]] setcolorspace
			FrameCurPat setcolor
		} { 
			graymode not FMLevel1 and {
				
				dup 1 lt {pop FrameCurGray} if
			} if
			RealSetgray
		} ifelse
	} ifelse
} bind def
/savematrix {
	orgmatrix currentmatrix pop
	} bind def
/restorematrix {
	orgmatrix setmatrix
	} bind def
/dmatrix matrix def
/dpi    72 0 dmatrix defaultmatrix dtransform
    dup mul exch   dup mul add   sqrt def
	
/freq dpi dup 72 div round dup 0 eq {pop 1} if 8 mul div def
/sangle 1 0 dmatrix defaultmatrix dtransform exch atan def
/dpiranges   [  2540    2400    1693     1270    1200     635      600      0      ] def
/CMLowFreqs  [ 100.402  94.8683 89.2289 100.402  94.8683  66.9349  63.2456 47.4342 ] def
/YLowFreqs   [  95.25   90.0    84.65    95.25   90.0     70.5556  66.6667 50.0    ] def
/KLowFreqs   [  89.8026 84.8528 79.8088  89.8026 84.8528  74.8355  70.7107 53.033  ] def
/CLowAngles  [  71.5651 71.5651 71.5651 71.5651  71.5651  71.5651  71.5651 71.5651 ] def
/MLowAngles  [  18.4349 18.4349 18.4349 18.4349  18.4349  18.4349  18.4349 18.4349 ] def
/YLowTDot    [  true    true    false    true    true     false    false   false   ] def
/CMHighFreqs [ 133.87  126.491 133.843  108.503 102.523  100.402   94.8683 63.2456 ] def
/YHighFreqs  [ 127.0   120.0   126.975  115.455 109.091   95.25    90.0    60.0    ] def
/KHighFreqs  [ 119.737 113.137 119.713  128.289 121.218   89.8026  84.8528 63.6395 ] def
/CHighAngles [  71.5651 71.5651 71.5651  70.0169 70.0169  71.5651  71.5651 71.5651 ] def
/MHighAngles [  18.4349 18.4349 18.4349  19.9831 19.9831  18.4349  18.4349 18.4349 ] def
/YHighTDot   [  false   false   true     false   false    true     true    false   ] def
/PatFreq     [	10.5833 10.0     9.4055  10.5833 10.0	  10.5833  10.0	   9.375   ] def
/screenIndex {
	0 1 dpiranges length 1 sub { dup dpiranges exch get 1 sub dpi le {exit} {pop} ifelse } for
} bind def
/getCyanScreen {
	FMUseHighFrequencyScreens { CHighAngles CMHighFreqs} {CLowAngles CMLowFreqs} ifelse
		screenIndex dup 3 1 roll get 3 1 roll get /FMSpotFunction load
} bind def
/getMagentaScreen {
	FMUseHighFrequencyScreens { MHighAngles CMHighFreqs } {MLowAngles CMLowFreqs} ifelse
		screenIndex dup 3 1 roll get 3 1 roll get /FMSpotFunction load
} bind def
/getYellowScreen {
	FMUseHighFrequencyScreens { YHighTDot YHighFreqs} { YLowTDot YLowFreqs } ifelse
		screenIndex dup 3 1 roll get 3 1 roll get { 3 div
			{2 { 1 add 2 div 3 mul dup floor sub 2 mul 1 sub exch} repeat
			FMSpotFunction } } {/FMSpotFunction load } ifelse
			0.0 exch
} bind def
/getBlackScreen  {
	FMUseHighFrequencyScreens { KHighFreqs } { KLowFreqs } ifelse
		screenIndex get 45.0 /FMSpotFunction load 
} bind def
/getSpotScreen {
	getBlackScreen
} bind def
/getCompositeScreen {
	getBlackScreen
} bind def
/FMSetScreen 
	FMLevel1 { /setscreen load 
	}{ {
		8 dict begin
		/HalftoneType 1 def
		/SpotFunction exch def
		/Angle exch def
		/Frequency exch def
		/AccurateScreens FMUseAcccurateScreens def
		currentdict end sethalftone
	} bind } ifelse
def
/setDefaultScreen {
	FMPColor {
		orgrxfer cvx orggxfer cvx orgbxfer cvx orgxfer cvx setcolortransfer
	}
	{
		orgxfer cvx settransfer
	} ifelse
	orgfreq organgle orgproc cvx setscreen
} bind def
/setCurrentScreen {
	FrameSepIs FMnone eq {
		FMUseDefaultNoSeparationScreen {
			setDefaultScreen
		} {
			getCompositeScreen FMSetScreen
		} ifelse
	} {
		FrameSepIs FMcustom eq {
			FMUseDefaultSpotSeparationScreen {
				setDefaultScreen
			} {
				getSpotScreen FMSetScreen
			} ifelse
		} {
			FMUseDefaultProcessSeparationScreen {
				setDefaultScreen
			} {
				FrameSepIs FMcyan eq {
					getCyanScreen FMSetScreen
				} {
					FrameSepIs FMmagenta eq {
						getMagentaScreen FMSetScreen
					} {
						FrameSepIs FMyellow eq {
							getYellowScreen FMSetScreen
						} {
							getBlackScreen FMSetScreen
						} ifelse
					} ifelse
				} ifelse
			} ifelse
		} ifelse
	} ifelse 
} bind def
end
	/gstring FMLOCAL
	/gfile FMLOCAL
	/gindex FMLOCAL
	/orgrxfer FMLOCAL
	/orggxfer FMLOCAL
	/orgbxfer FMLOCAL
	/orgxfer FMLOCAL
	/orgproc FMLOCAL
	/orgrproc FMLOCAL
	/orggproc FMLOCAL
	/orgbproc FMLOCAL
	/organgle FMLOCAL
	/orgrangle FMLOCAL
	/orggangle FMLOCAL
	/orgbangle FMLOCAL
	/orgfreq FMLOCAL
	/orgrfreq FMLOCAL
	/orggfreq FMLOCAL
	/orgbfreq FMLOCAL
	/yscale FMLOCAL
	/xscale FMLOCAL
	/edown FMLOCAL
	/manualfeed FMLOCAL
	/paperheight FMLOCAL
	/paperwidth FMLOCAL
/FMDOCUMENT { 
	array /FMfonts exch def 
	/#copies exch def
	FrameDict begin
	0 ne /manualfeed exch def
	/paperheight exch def
	/paperwidth exch def
	0 ne /FrameNegative exch def 
	0 ne /edown exch def 
	/yscale exch def
	/xscale exch def
	FMLevel1 {
		manualfeed {setmanualfeed} if
		/FMdicttop countdictstack 1 add def 
		/FMoptop count def 
		setpapername 
		manualfeed {true} {papersize} ifelse 
		{manualpapersize} {false} ifelse 
		{desperatepapersize} {false} ifelse 
		{ (Can't select requested paper size for Frame print job!) FMFAILURE } if
		count -1 FMoptop {pop pop} for
		countdictstack -1 FMdicttop {pop end} for 
		}
		{{}stopped
		{ (Can't select requested paper size for Frame print job!) FMFAILURE } if
		 { } stopped pop }
	ifelse 
	
	FMPColor {
		currentcolorscreen
			cvlit /orgproc exch def
				  /organgle exch def 
				  /orgfreq exch def
			cvlit /orgbproc exch def
				  /orgbangle exch def 
				  /orgbfreq exch def
			cvlit /orggproc exch def
				  /orggangle exch def 
				  /orggfreq exch def
			cvlit /orgrproc exch def
				  /orgrangle exch def 
				  /orgrfreq exch def
			currentcolortransfer 
			FrameNegative {
				1 1 4 { 
					pop { 1 exch sub } concatprocs 4 1 roll
				} for
				4 copy
				setcolortransfer
			} if
			cvlit /orgxfer exch def
			cvlit /orgbxfer exch def
			cvlit /orggxfer exch def
			cvlit /orgrxfer exch def
	} {
		currentscreen 
			cvlit /orgproc exch def
				  /organgle exch def 
				  /orgfreq exch def
				  
		currenttransfer 
		FrameNegative {
			{ 1 exch sub } concatprocs
			dup settransfer
		} if 
		cvlit /orgxfer exch def
	} ifelse
	end 
} def 
/pagesave FMLOCAL
/orgmatrix FMLOCAL
/landscape FMLOCAL
/pwid FMLOCAL
/FMBEGINPAGE { 
	FrameDict begin 
	/pagesave save def
	3.86 setmiterlimit
	/landscape exch 0 ne def
	landscape { 
		90 rotate 0 exch dup /pwid exch def neg translate pop 
	}{
		pop /pwid exch def
	} ifelse
	edown { [-1 0 0 1 pwid 0] concat } if
	
	
	xscale yscale scale
	/orgmatrix matrix def
	gsave 
} def 
/FMENDPAGE {
	grestore 
	pagesave restore
	end 
	showpage
	} def 
/FMFONTDEFINE { 
	FrameDict begin
	findfont 
	ReEncode 
	1 index exch 
	definefont 
	FMfonts 3 1 roll 
	put
	end 
	} def 
/FMFILLS {
	FrameDict begin dup
	array /fillvals exch def
	dict /patCache exch def
	end 
	} def 
/FMFILL {
	FrameDict begin
	 fillvals 3 1 roll put
	end 
	} def 
/FMNORMALIZEGRAPHICS { 
	newpath
	0.0 0.0 moveto
	1 setlinewidth
	0 setlinecap
	0 0 0 sethsbcolor
	0 setgray 
	} bind def
	/fx FMLOCAL
	/fy FMLOCAL
	/fh FMLOCAL
	/fw FMLOCAL
	/llx FMLOCAL
	/lly FMLOCAL
	/urx FMLOCAL
	/ury FMLOCAL
/FMBEGINEPSF { 
	end 
	/FMEPSF save def 
	/showpage {} def 
% See Adobe's "PostScript Language Reference Manual, 2nd Edition", page 714.
% "...the following operators MUST NOT be used in an EPS file:" (emphasis ours)
	/banddevice {(banddevice) FMBADEPSF} def
	/clear {(clear) FMBADEPSF} def
	/cleardictstack {(cleardictstack) FMBADEPSF} def 
	/copypage {(copypage) FMBADEPSF} def
	/erasepage {(erasepage) FMBADEPSF} def
	/exitserver {(exitserver) FMBADEPSF} def
	/framedevice {(framedevice) FMBADEPSF} def
	/grestoreall {(grestoreall) FMBADEPSF} def
	/initclip {(initclip) FMBADEPSF} def
	/initgraphics {(initgraphics) FMBADEPSF} def
	/initmatrix {(initmatrix) FMBADEPSF} def
	/quit {(quit) FMBADEPSF} def
	/renderbands {(renderbands) FMBADEPSF} def
	/setglobal {(setglobal) FMBADEPSF} def
	/setpagedevice {(setpagedevice) FMBADEPSF} def
	/setshared {(setshared) FMBADEPSF} def
	/startjob {(startjob) FMBADEPSF} def
	/lettertray {(lettertray) FMBADEPSF} def
	/letter {(letter) FMBADEPSF} def
	/lettersmall {(lettersmall) FMBADEPSF} def
	/11x17tray {(11x17tray) FMBADEPSF} def
	/11x17 {(11x17) FMBADEPSF} def
	/ledgertray {(ledgertray) FMBADEPSF} def
	/ledger {(ledger) FMBADEPSF} def
	/legaltray {(legaltray) FMBADEPSF} def
	/legal {(legal) FMBADEPSF} def
	/statementtray {(statementtray) FMBADEPSF} def
	/statement {(statement) FMBADEPSF} def
	/executivetray {(executivetray) FMBADEPSF} def
	/executive {(executive) FMBADEPSF} def
	/a3tray {(a3tray) FMBADEPSF} def
	/a3 {(a3) FMBADEPSF} def
	/a4tray {(a4tray) FMBADEPSF} def
	/a4 {(a4) FMBADEPSF} def
	/a4small {(a4small) FMBADEPSF} def
	/b4tray {(b4tray) FMBADEPSF} def
	/b4 {(b4) FMBADEPSF} def
	/b5tray {(b5tray) FMBADEPSF} def
	/b5 {(b5) FMBADEPSF} def
	FMNORMALIZEGRAPHICS 
	[/fy /fx /fh /fw /ury /urx /lly /llx] {exch def} forall 
	fx fw 2 div add fy fh 2 div add  translate
	rotate
	fw 2 div neg fh 2 div neg translate
	fw urx llx sub div fh ury lly sub div scale 
	llx neg lly neg translate 
	/FMdicttop countdictstack 1 add def 
	/FMoptop count def 
	} bind def
/FMENDEPSF {
	count -1 FMoptop {pop pop} for 
	countdictstack -1 FMdicttop {pop end} for 
	FMEPSF restore
	FrameDict begin 
	} bind def
FrameDict begin 
/setmanualfeed {
	 statusdict /manualfeed true put
	} bind def
/max {2 copy lt {exch} if pop} bind def
/min {2 copy gt {exch} if pop} bind def
/inch {72 mul} def
/pagedimen { 
	paperheight sub abs 16 lt exch 
	paperwidth sub abs 16 lt and
	{/papername exch def} {pop} ifelse
	} bind def
	/papersizedict FMLOCAL
/setpapername { 
	/papersizedict 14 dict def 
	papersizedict begin
	/papername /unknown def 
		/Letter 8.5 inch 11.0 inch pagedimen
		/LetterSmall 7.68 inch 10.16 inch pagedimen
		/Tabloid 11.0 inch 17.0 inch pagedimen
		/Ledger 17.0 inch 11.0 inch pagedimen
		/Legal 8.5 inch 14.0 inch pagedimen
		/Statement 5.5 inch 8.5 inch pagedimen
		/Executive 7.5 inch 10.0 inch pagedimen
		/A3 11.69 inch 16.5 inch pagedimen
		/A4 8.26 inch 11.69 inch pagedimen
		/A4Small 7.47 inch 10.85 inch pagedimen
		/B4 10.125 inch 14.33 inch pagedimen
		/B5 7.16 inch 10.125 inch pagedimen
	end
	} bind def
/papersize {
	papersizedict begin
		/Letter {lettertray letter} def
		/LetterSmall {lettertray lettersmall} def
		/Tabloid {11x17tray 11x17} def
		/Ledger {ledgertray ledger} def
		/Legal {legaltray legal} def
		/Statement {statementtray statement} def
		/Executive {executivetray executive} def
		/A3 {a3tray a3} def
		/A4 {a4tray a4} def
		/A4Small {a4tray a4small} def
		/B4 {b4tray b4} def
		/B5 {b5tray b5} def
		/unknown {unknown} def
	papersizedict dup papername known {papername} {/unknown} ifelse get
	end
	statusdict begin stopped end 
	} bind def
/manualpapersize {
	papersizedict begin
		/Letter {letter} def
		/LetterSmall {lettersmall} def
		/Tabloid {11x17} def
		/Ledger {ledger} def
		/Legal {legal} def
		/Statement {statement} def
		/Executive {executive} def
		/A3 {a3} def
		/A4 {a4} def
		/A4Small {a4small} def
		/B4 {b4} def
		/B5 {b5} def
		/unknown {unknown} def
	papersizedict dup papername known {papername} {/unknown} ifelse get
	end
	stopped 
	} bind def
/desperatepapersize {
	statusdict /setpageparams known
		{
		paperwidth paperheight 0 1 
		statusdict begin
		{setpageparams} stopped 
		end
		} {true} ifelse 
	} bind def
/DiacriticEncoding [
/.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef
/.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef
/.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef
/.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef
/.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /space /exclam /quotedbl
/numbersign /dollar /percent /ampersand /quotesingle /parenleft
/parenright /asterisk /plus /comma /hyphen /period /slash /zero /one
/two /three /four /five /six /seven /eight /nine /colon /semicolon
/less /equal /greater /question /at /A /B /C /D /E /F /G /H /I /J /K
/L /M /N /O /P /Q /R /S /T /U /V /W /X /Y /Z /bracketleft /backslash
/bracketright /asciicircum /underscore /grave /a /b /c /d /e /f /g /h
/i /j /k /l /m /n /o /p /q /r /s /t /u /v /w /x /y /z /braceleft /bar
/braceright /asciitilde /.notdef /Adieresis /Aring /Ccedilla /Eacute
/Ntilde /Odieresis /Udieresis /aacute /agrave /acircumflex /adieresis
/atilde /aring /ccedilla /eacute /egrave /ecircumflex /edieresis
/iacute /igrave /icircumflex /idieresis /ntilde /oacute /ograve
/ocircumflex /odieresis /otilde /uacute /ugrave /ucircumflex
/udieresis /dagger /.notdef /cent /sterling /section /bullet
/paragraph /germandbls /registered /copyright /trademark /acute
/dieresis /.notdef /AE /Oslash /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef
/yen /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef
/ordfeminine /ordmasculine /.notdef /ae /oslash /questiondown
/exclamdown /logicalnot /.notdef /florin /.notdef /.notdef
/guillemotleft /guillemotright /ellipsis /.notdef /Agrave /Atilde
/Otilde /OE /oe /endash /emdash /quotedblleft /quotedblright
/quoteleft /quoteright /.notdef /.notdef /ydieresis /Ydieresis
/fraction /currency /guilsinglleft /guilsinglright /fi /fl /daggerdbl
/periodcentered /quotesinglbase /quotedblbase /perthousand
/Acircumflex /Ecircumflex /Aacute /Edieresis /Egrave /Iacute
/Icircumflex /Idieresis /Igrave /Oacute /Ocircumflex /.notdef /Ograve
/Uacute /Ucircumflex /Ugrave /dotlessi /circumflex /tilde /macron
/breve /dotaccent /ring /cedilla /hungarumlaut /ogonek /caron
] def
/ReEncode { 
	dup 
	length 
	dict begin 
	{
	1 index /FID ne 
		{def} 
		{pop pop} ifelse 
	} forall 
	0 eq {/Encoding DiacriticEncoding def} if 
	currentdict 
	end 
	} bind def
FMPColor 
	
	{
	/BEGINBITMAPCOLOR { 
		BITMAPCOLOR} def
	/BEGINBITMAPCOLORc { 
		BITMAPCOLORc} def
	/BEGINBITMAPTRUECOLOR { 
		BITMAPTRUECOLOR } def
	/BEGINBITMAPTRUECOLORc { 
		BITMAPTRUECOLORc } def
	}
	
	{
	/BEGINBITMAPCOLOR { 
		BITMAPGRAY} def
	/BEGINBITMAPCOLORc { 
		BITMAPGRAYc} def
	/BEGINBITMAPTRUECOLOR { 
		BITMAPTRUEGRAY } def
	/BEGINBITMAPTRUECOLORc { 
		BITMAPTRUEGRAYc } def
	}
ifelse
/K { 
	FMPrintAllColorsAsBlack {
		dup 1 eq 2 index 1 eq and 3 index 1 eq and not
			{7 {pop} repeat 0 0 0 1 0 0 0} if
	} if 
	FrameCurColors astore 
	pop combineColor
} bind def
/graymode true def
	/bwidth FMLOCAL
	/bpside FMLOCAL
	/bstring FMLOCAL
	/onbits FMLOCAL
	/offbits FMLOCAL
	/xindex FMLOCAL
	/yindex FMLOCAL
	/x FMLOCAL
	/y FMLOCAL
/setPatternMode {
	FMLevel1 {
		/bwidth  exch def
		/bpside  exch def
		/bstring exch def
		/onbits 0 def  /offbits 0 def
		freq sangle landscape {90 add} if 
			{/y exch def
			 /x exch def
			 /xindex x 1 add 2 div bpside mul cvi def
			 /yindex y 1 add 2 div bpside mul cvi def
			 bstring yindex bwidth mul xindex 8 idiv add get
			 1 7 xindex 8 mod sub bitshift and 0 ne FrameNegative {not} if
			 {/onbits  onbits  1 add def 1}
			 {/offbits offbits 1 add def 0}
			 ifelse
			}
			setscreen
		offbits offbits onbits add div FrameNegative {1.0 exch sub} if
		/FrameCurGray exch def
	} { 
		pop pop
		dup patCache exch known {
			patCache exch get
		} { 
			dup
			patDict /bstring 3 -1 roll put
			patDict 
			9 PatFreq screenIndex get div dup matrix scale
			makepattern
			dup 
			patCache 4 -1 roll 3 -1 roll put
		} ifelse
		/FrameCurGray 0 def
		/FrameCurPat exch def
	} ifelse
	/graymode false def
	combineColor
} bind def
/setGrayScaleMode {
	graymode not {
		/graymode true def
		FMLevel1 {
			setCurrentScreen
		} if
	} if
	/FrameCurGray exch def
	combineColor
} bind def
/normalize {
	transform round exch round exch itransform
	} bind def
/dnormalize {
	dtransform round exch round exch idtransform
	} bind def
/lnormalize { 
	0 dtransform exch cvi 2 idiv 2 mul 1 add exch idtransform pop
	} bind def
/H { 
	lnormalize setlinewidth
	} bind def
/Z {
	setlinecap
	} bind def
	
/PFill {
	graymode FMLevel1 or not {
		gsave 1 setgray eofill grestore
	} if
} bind def
/PStroke {
	graymode FMLevel1 or not {
		gsave 1 setgray stroke grestore
	} if
	stroke
} bind def
	/fillvals FMLOCAL
/X { 
	fillvals exch get
	dup type /stringtype eq
	{8 1 setPatternMode} 
	{setGrayScaleMode}
	ifelse
	} bind def
/V { 
	PFill gsave eofill grestore
	} bind def
/Vclip {
	clip
	} bind def
/Vstrk {
	currentlinewidth exch setlinewidth PStroke setlinewidth
	} bind def
/N { 
	PStroke
	} bind def
/Nclip {
	strokepath clip newpath
	} bind def
/Nstrk {
	currentlinewidth exch setlinewidth PStroke setlinewidth
	} bind def
/M {newpath moveto} bind def
/E {lineto} bind def
/D {curveto} bind def
/O {closepath} bind def
	/n FMLOCAL
/L { 
 	/n exch def
	newpath
	normalize
	moveto 
	2 1 n {pop normalize lineto} for
	} bind def
/Y { 
	L 
	closepath
	} bind def
	/x1 FMLOCAL
	/x2 FMLOCAL
	/y1 FMLOCAL
	/y2 FMLOCAL
/R { 
	/y2 exch def
	/x2 exch def
	/y1 exch def
	/x1 exch def
	x1 y1
	x2 y1
	x2 y2
	x1 y2
	4 Y 
	} bind def
	/rad FMLOCAL
/rarc 
	{rad 
	 arcto
	} bind def
/RR { 
	/rad exch def
	normalize
	/y2 exch def
	/x2 exch def
	normalize
	/y1 exch def
	/x1 exch def
	mark
	newpath
	{
	x1 y1 rad add moveto
	x1 y2 x2 y2 rarc
	x2 y2 x2 y1 rarc
	x2 y1 x1 y1 rarc
	x1 y1 x1 y2 rarc
	closepath
	} stopped {x1 y1 x2 y2 R} if 
	cleartomark
	} bind def
/RRR { 
	/rad exch def
	normalize /y4 exch def /x4 exch def
	normalize /y3 exch def /x3 exch def
	normalize /y2 exch def /x2 exch def
	normalize /y1 exch def /x1 exch def
	newpath
	normalize moveto 
	mark
	{
	x2 y2 x3 y3 rarc
	x3 y3 x4 y4 rarc
	x4 y4 x1 y1 rarc
	x1 y1 x2 y2 rarc
	closepath
	} stopped
	 {x1 y1 x2 y2 x3 y3 x4 y4 newpath moveto lineto lineto lineto closepath} if
	cleartomark
	} bind def
/C { 
	grestore
	gsave
	R 
	clip
	setCurrentScreen
} bind def
/CP { 
	grestore
	gsave
	Y 
	clip
	setCurrentScreen
} bind def
	/FMpointsize FMLOCAL
/F { 
	FMfonts exch get
	FMpointsize scalefont
	setfont
	} bind def
/Q { 
	/FMpointsize exch def
	F 
	} bind def
/T { 
	moveto show
	} bind def
/RF { 
	rotate
	0 ne {-1 1 scale} if
	} bind def
/TF { 
	gsave
	moveto 
	RF
	show
	grestore
	} bind def
/P { 
	moveto
	0 32 3 2 roll widthshow
	} bind def
/PF { 
	gsave
	moveto 
	RF
	0 32 3 2 roll widthshow
	grestore
	} bind def
/S { 
	moveto
	0 exch ashow
	} bind def
/SF { 
	gsave
	moveto
	RF
	0 exch ashow
	grestore
	} bind def
/B { 
	moveto
	0 32 4 2 roll 0 exch awidthshow
	} bind def
/BF { 
	gsave
	moveto
	RF
	0 32 4 2 roll 0 exch awidthshow
	grestore
	} bind def
/G { 
	gsave
	newpath
	normalize translate 0.0 0.0 moveto 
	dnormalize scale 
	0.0 0.0 1.0 5 3 roll arc 
	closepath 
	PFill fill
	grestore
	} bind def
/Gstrk {
	savematrix
    newpath
    2 index 2 div add exch 3 index 2 div sub exch 
    normalize 2 index 2 div sub exch 3 index 2 div add exch 
    translate
    scale 
    0.0 0.0 1.0 5 3 roll arc 
    restorematrix
    currentlinewidth exch setlinewidth PStroke setlinewidth
    } bind def
/Gclip { 
	newpath
	savematrix
	normalize translate 0.0 0.0 moveto 
	dnormalize scale 
	0.0 0.0 1.0 5 3 roll arc 
	closepath 
	clip newpath
	restorematrix
	} bind def
/GG { 
	gsave
	newpath
	normalize translate 0.0 0.0 moveto 
	rotate 
	dnormalize scale 
	0.0 0.0 1.0 5 3 roll arc 
	closepath
	PFill
	fill
	grestore
	} bind def
/GGclip { 
	savematrix
	newpath
    normalize translate 0.0 0.0 moveto 
    rotate 
    dnormalize scale 
    0.0 0.0 1.0 5 3 roll arc 
    closepath
	clip newpath
	restorematrix
	} bind def
/GGstrk { 
	savematrix
    newpath
    normalize translate 0.0 0.0 moveto 
    rotate 
    dnormalize scale 
    0.0 0.0 1.0 5 3 roll arc 
    closepath 
	restorematrix
    currentlinewidth exch setlinewidth PStroke setlinewidth
	} bind def
/A { 
	gsave
	savematrix
	newpath
	2 index 2 div add exch 3 index 2 div sub exch 
	normalize 2 index 2 div sub exch 3 index 2 div add exch 
	translate 
	scale 
	0.0 0.0 1.0 5 3 roll arc 
	restorematrix
	PStroke
	grestore
	} bind def
/Aclip {
	newpath
	savematrix
	normalize translate 0.0 0.0 moveto 
	dnormalize scale 
	0.0 0.0 1.0 5 3 roll arc 
	closepath 
	strokepath clip newpath
	restorematrix
} bind def
/Astrk {
	Gstrk
} bind def
/AA { 
	gsave
	savematrix
	newpath
	
	3 index 2 div add exch 4 index 2 div sub exch 
	
	normalize 3 index 2 div sub exch 4 index 2 div add exch
	translate 
	rotate 
	scale 
	0.0 0.0 1.0 5 3 roll arc 
	restorematrix
	PStroke
	grestore
	} bind def
/AAclip {
	savematrix
	newpath
    normalize translate 0.0 0.0 moveto 
    rotate 
    dnormalize scale 
    0.0 0.0 1.0 5 3 roll arc 
    closepath
	strokepath clip newpath
	restorematrix
} bind def
/AAstrk {
	GGstrk
} bind def
	/x FMLOCAL
	/y FMLOCAL
	/w FMLOCAL
	/h FMLOCAL
	/xx FMLOCAL
	/yy FMLOCAL
	/ww FMLOCAL
	/hh FMLOCAL
	/FMsaveobject FMLOCAL
	/FMoptop FMLOCAL
	/FMdicttop FMLOCAL
/BEGINPRINTCODE { 
	/FMdicttop countdictstack 1 add def 
	/FMoptop count 7 sub def 
	/FMsaveobject save def
	userdict begin 
	/showpage {} def 
	FMNORMALIZEGRAPHICS 
	3 index neg 3 index neg translate
	} bind def
/ENDPRINTCODE {
	count -1 FMoptop {pop pop} for 
	countdictstack -1 FMdicttop {pop end} for 
	FMsaveobject restore 
	} bind def
/gn { 
	0 
	{	46 mul 
		cf read pop 
		32 sub 
		dup 46 lt {exit} if 
		46 sub add 
		} loop
	add 
	} bind def
	/str FMLOCAL
/cfs { 
	/str sl string def 
	0 1 sl 1 sub {str exch val put} for 
	str def 
	} bind def
/ic [ 
	0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0223
	0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0223
	0
	{0 hx} {1 hx} {2 hx} {3 hx} {4 hx} {5 hx} {6 hx} {7 hx} {8 hx} {9 hx}
	{10 hx} {11 hx} {12 hx} {13 hx} {14 hx} {15 hx} {16 hx} {17 hx} {18 hx}
	{19 hx} {gn hx} {0} {1} {2} {3} {4} {5} {6} {7} {8} {9} {10} {11} {12}
	{13} {14} {15} {16} {17} {18} {19} {gn} {0 wh} {1 wh} {2 wh} {3 wh}
	{4 wh} {5 wh} {6 wh} {7 wh} {8 wh} {9 wh} {10 wh} {11 wh} {12 wh}
	{13 wh} {14 wh} {gn wh} {0 bl} {1 bl} {2 bl} {3 bl} {4 bl} {5 bl} {6 bl}
	{7 bl} {8 bl} {9 bl} {10 bl} {11 bl} {12 bl} {13 bl} {14 bl} {gn bl}
	{0 fl} {1 fl} {2 fl} {3 fl} {4 fl} {5 fl} {6 fl} {7 fl} {8 fl} {9 fl}
	{10 fl} {11 fl} {12 fl} {13 fl} {14 fl} {gn fl}
	] def
	/sl FMLOCAL
	/val FMLOCAL
	/ws FMLOCAL
	/im FMLOCAL
	/bs FMLOCAL
	/cs FMLOCAL
	/len FMLOCAL
	/pos FMLOCAL
/ms { 
	/sl exch def 
	/val 255 def 
	/ws cfs 
	/im cfs 
	/val 0 def 
	/bs cfs 
	/cs cfs 
	} bind def
400 ms 
/ip { 
	is 
	0 
	cf cs readline pop 
	{	ic exch get exec 
		add 
		} forall 
	pop 
	
	} bind def
/rip { 
	   
	  
	  bis ris copy pop 
      is
      0
      cf cs readline pop 
      {       ic exch get exec 
              add 
              } forall 
	  pop pop 
	  ris gis copy pop 
	  dup is exch 
	  
      cf cs readline pop 
      {       ic exch get exec 
              add 
              } forall 
	  pop pop
	  gis bis copy pop 
	  dup add is exch 
	  
      cf cs readline pop 
      {       ic exch get exec 
              add 
              } forall 
      pop 
      
      } bind def
/wh { 
	/len exch def 
	/pos exch def 
	ws 0 len getinterval im pos len getinterval copy pop
	pos len 
	} bind def
/bl { 
	/len exch def 
	/pos exch def 
	bs 0 len getinterval im pos len getinterval copy pop
	pos len 
	} bind def
/s1 1 string def
/fl { 
	/len exch def 
	/pos exch def 
	/val cf s1 readhexstring pop 0 get def
	pos 1 pos len add 1 sub {im exch val put} for
	pos len 
	} bind def
/hx { 
	3 copy getinterval 
	cf exch readhexstring pop pop 
	} bind def
	/h FMLOCAL
	/w FMLOCAL
	/d FMLOCAL
	/lb FMLOCAL
	/bitmapsave FMLOCAL
	/is FMLOCAL
	/cf FMLOCAL
/wbytes { 
      dup dup
      24 eq { pop pop 3 mul }
      { 8 eq {pop} {1 eq {7 add 8 idiv} {3 add 4 idiv} ifelse} ifelse } ifelse
	} bind def
/BEGINBITMAPBWc { 
	1 {} COMMONBITMAPc
	} bind def
/BEGINBITMAPGRAYc { 
	8 {} COMMONBITMAPc
	} bind def
/BEGINBITMAP2BITc { 
	2 {} COMMONBITMAPc
	} bind def
/COMMONBITMAPc { 
		 
	/r exch def
	/d exch def
	gsave
	
	3 index 2 div add exch	
	4 index 2 div add exch	
	translate		
	rotate			
	1 index 2 div neg	
	1 index 2 div neg	
	translate		
	scale			
	/h exch def /w exch def
	/lb w d wbytes def 
	sl lb lt {lb ms} if 
	/bitmapsave save def 
	r                    
	/is im 0 lb getinterval def 
	ws 0 lb getinterval is copy pop 
	/cf currentfile def 
	w h d [w 0 0 h neg 0 h] 
	{ip} image 
	bitmapsave restore 
	grestore
	} bind def
/BEGINBITMAPBW { 
	1 {} COMMONBITMAP
	} bind def
/BEGINBITMAPGRAY { 
	8 {} COMMONBITMAP
	} bind def
/BEGINBITMAP2BIT { 
	2 {} COMMONBITMAP
	} bind def
/COMMONBITMAP { 
	/r exch def
	/d exch def
	gsave
	
	3 index 2 div add exch	
	4 index 2 div add exch	
	translate		
	rotate			
	1 index 2 div neg	
	1 index 2 div neg	
	translate		
	scale			
	/h exch def /w exch def
	/bitmapsave save def 
	r                    
	/is w d wbytes string def
	/cf currentfile def 
	w h d [w 0 0 h neg 0 h] 
	{cf is readhexstring pop} image
	bitmapsave restore 
	grestore
	} bind def
/ngrayt 256 array def
/nredt 256 array def
/nbluet 256 array def
/ngreent 256 array def
	/gryt FMLOCAL
	/blut FMLOCAL
	/grnt FMLOCAL
	/redt FMLOCAL
	/indx FMLOCAL
	/cynu FMLOCAL
	/magu FMLOCAL
	/yelu FMLOCAL
	/k FMLOCAL
	/u FMLOCAL
FMLevel1 {
/colorsetup {
	currentcolortransfer
	/gryt exch def
	/blut exch def
	/grnt exch def
	/redt exch def
	0 1 255 {
		/indx exch def
		/cynu 1 red indx get 255 div sub def
		/magu 1 green indx get 255 div sub def
		/yelu 1 blue indx get 255 div sub def
		/k cynu magu min yelu min def
		/u k currentundercolorremoval exec def
%		/u 0 def
		nredt indx 1 0 cynu u sub max sub redt exec put
		ngreent indx 1 0 magu u sub max sub grnt exec put
		nbluet indx 1 0 yelu u sub max sub blut exec put
		ngrayt indx 1 k currentblackgeneration exec sub gryt exec put
	} for
	{255 mul cvi nredt exch get}
	{255 mul cvi ngreent exch get}
	{255 mul cvi nbluet exch get}
	{255 mul cvi ngrayt exch get}
	setcolortransfer
	{pop 0} setundercolorremoval
	{} setblackgeneration
	} bind def
}
{
/colorSetup2 {
	[ /Indexed /DeviceRGB 255 
		{dup red exch get 255 div 
		 exch dup green exch get 255 div 
		 exch blue exch get 255 div}
	] setcolorspace
} bind def
} ifelse
	/tran FMLOCAL
/fakecolorsetup {
	/tran 256 string def
	0 1 255 {/indx exch def 
		tran indx
		red indx get 77 mul
		green indx get 151 mul
		blue indx get 28 mul
		add add 256 idiv put} for
	currenttransfer
	{255 mul cvi tran exch get 255.0 div}
	exch concatprocs settransfer
} bind def
/BITMAPCOLOR { 
	/d 8 def
	gsave
	
	3 index 2 div add exch	
	4 index 2 div add exch	
	translate		
	rotate			
	1 index 2 div neg	
	1 index 2 div neg	
	translate		
	scale			
	/h exch def /w exch def
	/bitmapsave save def
	FMLevel1 {	
		colorsetup
		/is w d wbytes string def
		/cf currentfile def 
		w h d [w 0 0 h neg 0 h] 
		{cf is readhexstring pop} {is} {is} true 3 colorimage 
	} {
		colorSetup2
		/is w d wbytes string def
		/cf currentfile def 
		7 dict dup begin
			/ImageType 1 def
			/Width w def
			/Height h def
			/ImageMatrix [w 0 0 h neg 0 h] def
			/DataSource {cf is readhexstring pop} bind def
			/BitsPerComponent d def
			/Decode [0 255] def
		end image	
	} ifelse
	bitmapsave restore 
	grestore
	} bind def
/BITMAPCOLORc { 
	/d 8 def
	gsave
	
	3 index 2 div add exch	
	4 index 2 div add exch	
	translate		
	rotate			
	1 index 2 div neg	
	1 index 2 div neg	
	translate		
	scale			
	/h exch def /w exch def
	/lb w d wbytes def 
	sl lb lt {lb ms} if 
	/bitmapsave save def 
	FMLevel1 {	
		colorsetup
		/is im 0 lb getinterval def 
		ws 0 lb getinterval is copy pop 
		/cf currentfile def 
		w h d [w 0 0 h neg 0 h] 
		{ip} {is} {is} true 3 colorimage
	} {
		colorSetup2
		/is im 0 lb getinterval def 
		ws 0 lb getinterval is copy pop 
		/cf currentfile def 
		7 dict dup begin
			/ImageType 1 def
			/Width w def
			/Height h def
			/ImageMatrix [w 0 0 h neg 0 h] def
			/DataSource {ip} bind def
			/BitsPerComponent d def
			/Decode [0 255] def
		end image	
	} ifelse
	bitmapsave restore 
	grestore
	} bind def
/BITMAPTRUECOLORc { 
	/d 24 def
        gsave
 	
	3 index 2 div add exch	
	4 index 2 div add exch	
	translate		
	rotate			
	1 index 2 div neg	
	1 index 2 div neg	
	translate		
	scale			
	/h exch def /w exch def
	/lb w d wbytes def 
	sl lb lt {lb ms} if 
        /bitmapsave save def 
        
	/is im 0 lb getinterval def	
	/ris im 0 w getinterval def	
	/gis im w w getinterval def	
	/bis im w 2 mul w getinterval def 
        
        ws 0 lb getinterval is copy pop 
        /cf currentfile def 
        w h 8 [w 0 0 h neg 0 h] 
        {w rip pop ris} {gis} {bis} true 3 colorimage
        bitmapsave restore 
        grestore
        } bind def
/BITMAPTRUECOLOR { 
        gsave
		
		3 index 2 div add exch	
		4 index 2 div add exch	
		translate		
		rotate			
		1 index 2 div neg	
		1 index 2 div neg	
		translate		
		scale			
		/h exch def /w exch def
        /bitmapsave save def 
        /is w string def
        /gis w string def
        /bis w string def
        /cf currentfile def 
        w h 8 [w 0 0 h neg 0 h] 
        { cf is readhexstring pop } 
        { cf gis readhexstring pop } 
        { cf bis readhexstring pop } 
        true 3 colorimage 
        bitmapsave restore 
        grestore
        } bind def
/BITMAPTRUEGRAYc { 
	/d 24 def
        gsave
	
	3 index 2 div add exch	
	4 index 2 div add exch	
	translate		
	rotate			
	1 index 2 div neg	
	1 index 2 div neg	
	translate		
	scale			
	/h exch def /w exch def
	/lb w d wbytes def 
	sl lb lt {lb ms} if 
        /bitmapsave save def 
        
	/is im 0 lb getinterval def	
	/ris im 0 w getinterval def	
	/gis im w w getinterval def	
	/bis im w 2 mul w getinterval def 
        ws 0 lb getinterval is copy pop 
        /cf currentfile def 
        w h 8 [w 0 0 h neg 0 h] 
        {w rip pop ris gis bis w gray} image
        bitmapsave restore 
        grestore
        } bind def
/ww FMLOCAL
/r FMLOCAL
/g FMLOCAL
/b FMLOCAL
/i FMLOCAL
/gray { 
        /ww exch def
        /b exch def
        /g exch def
        /r exch def
        0 1 ww 1 sub { /i exch def r i get .299 mul g i get .587 mul
			b i get .114 mul add add r i 3 -1 roll floor cvi put } for
        r
        } bind def
/BITMAPTRUEGRAY { 
        gsave
		
		3 index 2 div add exch	
		4 index 2 div add exch	
		translate		
		rotate			
		1 index 2 div neg	
		1 index 2 div neg	
		translate		
		scale			
		/h exch def /w exch def
        /bitmapsave save def 
        /is w string def
        /gis w string def
        /bis w string def
        /cf currentfile def 
        w h 8 [w 0 0 h neg 0 h] 
        { cf is readhexstring pop 
          cf gis readhexstring pop 
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(1) 228 389.6 T
(2) 270 371.6 T
(1) 369 378.75 T
(2) 414 396.75 T
(3) 432 378.75 T
(1) 558 372.35 T
1 F
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(LAN) 135 351.82 T
(Rendezvous Point) 585 339.18 T
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(message to B:) 271.45 441 T
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FMENDPAGE
%%EndDocument
 @endspecial 657 1884 a(Figure)30 b(1:)41 b(Example:)f(ho)m(w)30
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%%Page: 5 6
5 5 bop -125 -149 a Fh(draft-ietf-idmr-PIM-SM-sp)s(ec-10.ps)2718
b Fk(5)-125 1738 y @beginspecial 340 @voffset 60 @hoffset
60 @hscale 60 @vscale 270 @angle @setspecial
%%BeginDocument: example.2.ps
%
% Frame ps_prolog 4.0, for use with Frame 4.0 products
% This ps_prolog file is Copyright (c) 1986-1993 Frame Technology
% Corporation.  All rights reserved.  This ps_prolog file may be
% freely copied and distributed in conjunction with documents created
% using FrameMaker, FrameBuilder and FrameViewer as long as this 
% copyright notice is preserved.
%
% Frame products normally print colors as their true color on a color printer
% or as shades of gray, based on luminance, on a black-and white printer. The
% following flag, if set to True, forces all non-white colors to print as pure
% black. This has no effect on bitmap images.
/FMPrintAllColorsAsBlack             false def
%
% Frame products can either set their own line screens or use a printer's 
% default settings. Three flags below control this separately for no 
% separations, spot separations and process separations. If a flag
% is true, then the default printer settings will not be changed. If it is
% false, Frame products will use their own settings from a table based on
% the printer's resolution.
/FMUseDefaultNoSeparationScreen      true  def
/FMUseDefaultSpotSeparationScreen    true  def
/FMUseDefaultProcessSeparationScreen false def
%
% For any given PostScript printer resolution, Frame products have two sets of 
% screen angles and frequencies for printing process separations, which are 
% recomended by Adobe. The following variable chooses the higher frequencies
% when set to true or the lower frequencies when set to false. This is only
% effective if the appropriate FMUseDefault...SeparationScreen flag is false.
/FMUseHighFrequencyScreens true def
%
% PostScript Level 2 printers contain an "Accurate Screens" feature which can
% improve process separation rendering at the expense of compute time. This 
% flag is ignored by PostScript Level 1 printers.
/FMUseAcccurateScreens true def
%
% The following PostScript procedure defines the spot function that Frame
% products will use for process separations. You may un-comment-out one of
% the alternative functions below, or use your own.
%
% Dot function
/FMSpotFunction {abs exch abs 2 copy add 1 gt 
		{1 sub dup mul exch 1 sub dup mul add 1 sub }
		{dup mul exch dup mul add 1 exch sub }ifelse } def
%
% Line function
% /FMSpotFunction { pop } def
%
% Elipse function
% /FMSpotFunction { dup 5 mul 8 div mul exch dup mul exch add 
%		sqrt 1 exch sub } def
%
%
/FMversion (4.0) def 
/FMLevel1 /languagelevel where {pop languagelevel} {1} ifelse 2 lt def
/FMPColor
	FMLevel1 {
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		/colorimage where {pop pop true} if
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def
/FrameDict 400 dict def 
systemdict /errordict known not {/errordict 10 dict def
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% The readline in PS 23.0 doesn't recognize cr's as nl's on AppleTalk
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errordict /rangecheck {FrameDict /bug true put} put 
FrameDict /bug false put 
mark 
% Some PS machines read past the CR, so keep the following 3 lines together!
currentfile 5 string readline
00
0000000000
cleartomark 
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FrameDict /bug get { 
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/FrameNegative false def 
/FrameSepIs FMnone def 
/FrameSepBlack 0 def
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/FrameSepRed 1 def
/FrameSepGreen 1 def
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/FrameCurPat null def
/FrameCurColors [ 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 ] def 
/FrameColorEpsilon .001 def	
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	4 1 roll 
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	sub 
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	sub 
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/CMYKtoRGB { 
	dup dup 4 -1 roll add 						  
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	4 1 roll add 								  
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/FrameSepInit {
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/FrameSetCyan {
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	/FrameSepMagenta 0.0 def
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	/FrameSepIs FMcyan def
	setCurrentScreen	
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/FrameSetMagenta {
	/FrameSepBlue 1.0 def
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	/FrameSepRed 1.0 def
	/FrameSepBlack 0.0 def
	/FrameSepYellow 0.0 def
	/FrameSepMagenta 1.0 def
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	/FrameSepIs FMmagenta def
	setCurrentScreen
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/FrameSetYellow {
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/FrameSetBlack {
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/FrameNoSep { 
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	setCurrentScreen
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/FrameSetSepColors { 
	FrameDict begin
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/FrameColorInSepListCMYK { 
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/RealSethsbcolor /sethsbcolor load def
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	FrameSepIs FMnone eq
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	{
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		{
				FrameSepBlue eq exch 
			 	FrameSepGreen eq and exch 
			 	FrameSepRed eq and
			 	{ 0 } { 1 } ifelse
		}
		{
			FMPColor {
				RealSetrgbcolor
				currentcmykcolor
			} {
				RGBtoCMYK
			} ifelse
			FrameSepIs FMblack eq
			{1.0 exch sub 4 1 roll pop pop pop} {
			FrameSepIs FMyellow eq
			{pop 1.0 exch sub 3 1 roll pop pop} {
			FrameSepIs FMmagenta eq
			{pop pop 1.0 exch sub exch pop } {
			FrameSepIs FMcyan eq
			{pop pop pop 1.0 exch sub } 
			{pop pop pop pop 1} ifelse } ifelse } ifelse } ifelse 
		} ifelse
		RealSetgray
	} 
	ifelse
	end
} bind def
/sethsbcolor {
	FrameDict begin
	FrameSepIs FMnone eq 
	{ RealSethsbcolor } 
	{
		RealSethsbcolor 
		currentrgbcolor  
		setrgbcolor 
	} 
	ifelse
	end
} bind def
FrameDict begin
/setcmykcolor where {
	pop /RealSetcmykcolor /setcmykcolor load def
} {
	/RealSetcmykcolor {
		4 1 roll
		3 { 3 index add 0 max 1 min 1 exch sub 3 1 roll} repeat 
		setrgbcolor pop
	} bind def
} ifelse
userdict /setcmykcolor { 
		FrameDict begin
		FrameSepIs FMnone eq
		{ RealSetcmykcolor } 
		{
			4 copy [ 5 1 roll ]
			FrameColorInSepListCMYK
			{
				FrameSepBlack eq exch 
				FrameSepYellow eq and exch 
				FrameSepMagenta eq and exch 
				FrameSepCyan eq and 
				{ 0 } { 1 } ifelse
			}
			{
				FrameSepIs FMblack eq
				{1.0 exch sub 4 1 roll pop pop pop} {
				FrameSepIs FMyellow eq
				{pop 1.0 exch sub 3 1 roll pop pop} {
				FrameSepIs FMmagenta eq
				{pop pop 1.0 exch sub exch pop } {
				FrameSepIs FMcyan eq
				{pop pop pop 1.0 exch sub } 
				{pop pop pop pop 1} ifelse } ifelse } ifelse } ifelse 
			} ifelse
			RealSetgray
		}
		ifelse
		end
	} bind put
FMLevel1 not { 
	
	/patProcDict 5 dict dup begin
		<0f1e3c78f0e1c387> { 3 setlinewidth -1 -1 moveto 9 9 lineto stroke 
											4 -4 moveto 12 4 lineto stroke
											-4 4 moveto 4 12 lineto stroke} bind def
		<0f87c3e1f0783c1e> { 3 setlinewidth -1 9 moveto 9 -1 lineto stroke 
											-4 4 moveto 4 -4 lineto stroke
											4 12 moveto 12 4 lineto stroke} bind def
		<8142241818244281> { 1 setlinewidth -1 9 moveto 9 -1 lineto stroke
											-1 -1 moveto 9 9 lineto stroke } bind def
		<03060c183060c081> { 1 setlinewidth -1 -1 moveto 9 9 lineto stroke 
											4 -4 moveto 12 4 lineto stroke
											-4 4 moveto 4 12 lineto stroke} bind def
		<8040201008040201> { 1 setlinewidth -1 9 moveto 9 -1 lineto stroke 
											-4 4 moveto 4 -4 lineto stroke
											4 12 moveto 12 4 lineto stroke} bind def
	end def
	/patDict 15 dict dup begin
		/PatternType 1 def		
		/PaintType 2 def		
		/TilingType 3 def		
		/BBox [ 0 0 8 8 ] def 	
		/XStep 8 def			
		/YStep 8 def			
		/PaintProc {
			begin
			patProcDict bstring known {
				patProcDict bstring get exec
			} {
				8 8 true [1 0 0 -1 0 8] bstring imagemask
			} ifelse
			end
		} bind def
	end def
} if
/combineColor {
    FrameSepIs FMnone eq
	{
		graymode FMLevel1 or not {
			
			[/Pattern [/DeviceCMYK]] setcolorspace
			FrameCurColors 0 4 getinterval aload pop FrameCurPat setcolor
		} {
			FrameCurColors 3 get 1.0 ge {
				FrameCurGray RealSetgray
			} {
				FMPColor graymode and {
					0 1 3 { 
						FrameCurColors exch get
						1 FrameCurGray sub mul
					} for
					RealSetcmykcolor
				} {
					4 1 6 {
						FrameCurColors exch get
						graymode {
							1 exch sub 1 FrameCurGray sub mul 1 exch sub
						} {
							1.0 lt {FrameCurGray} {1} ifelse
						} ifelse
					} for
					RealSetrgbcolor
				} ifelse
			} ifelse
		} ifelse
	} { 
		FrameCurColors 0 4 getinterval aload
		FrameColorInSepListCMYK {
			FrameSepBlack eq exch 
			FrameSepYellow eq and exch 
			FrameSepMagenta eq and exch 
			FrameSepCyan eq and
			FrameSepIs FMcustom eq and
			{ FrameCurGray } { 1 } ifelse
		} {
			FrameSepIs FMblack eq
			{FrameCurGray 1.0 exch sub mul 1.0 exch sub 4 1 roll pop pop pop} {
			FrameSepIs FMyellow eq
			{pop FrameCurGray 1.0 exch sub mul 1.0 exch sub 3 1 roll pop pop} {
			FrameSepIs FMmagenta eq
			{pop pop FrameCurGray 1.0 exch sub mul 1.0 exch sub exch pop } {
			FrameSepIs FMcyan eq
			{pop pop pop FrameCurGray 1.0 exch sub mul 1.0 exch sub } 
			{pop pop pop pop 1} ifelse } ifelse } ifelse } ifelse 
		} ifelse
		graymode FMLevel1 or not {
			
			[/Pattern [/DeviceGray]] setcolorspace
			FrameCurPat setcolor
		} { 
			graymode not FMLevel1 and {
				
				dup 1 lt {pop FrameCurGray} if
			} if
			RealSetgray
		} ifelse
	} ifelse
} bind def
/savematrix {
	orgmatrix currentmatrix pop
	} bind def
/restorematrix {
	orgmatrix setmatrix
	} bind def
/dmatrix matrix def
/dpi    72 0 dmatrix defaultmatrix dtransform
    dup mul exch   dup mul add   sqrt def
	
/freq dpi dup 72 div round dup 0 eq {pop 1} if 8 mul div def
/sangle 1 0 dmatrix defaultmatrix dtransform exch atan def
/dpiranges   [  2540    2400    1693     1270    1200     635      600      0      ] def
/CMLowFreqs  [ 100.402  94.8683 89.2289 100.402  94.8683  66.9349  63.2456 47.4342 ] def
/YLowFreqs   [  95.25   90.0    84.65    95.25   90.0     70.5556  66.6667 50.0    ] def
/KLowFreqs   [  89.8026 84.8528 79.8088  89.8026 84.8528  74.8355  70.7107 53.033  ] def
/CLowAngles  [  71.5651 71.5651 71.5651 71.5651  71.5651  71.5651  71.5651 71.5651 ] def
/MLowAngles  [  18.4349 18.4349 18.4349 18.4349  18.4349  18.4349  18.4349 18.4349 ] def
/YLowTDot    [  true    true    false    true    true     false    false   false   ] def
/CMHighFreqs [ 133.87  126.491 133.843  108.503 102.523  100.402   94.8683 63.2456 ] def
/YHighFreqs  [ 127.0   120.0   126.975  115.455 109.091   95.25    90.0    60.0    ] def
/KHighFreqs  [ 119.737 113.137 119.713  128.289 121.218   89.8026  84.8528 63.6395 ] def
/CHighAngles [  71.5651 71.5651 71.5651  70.0169 70.0169  71.5651  71.5651 71.5651 ] def
/MHighAngles [  18.4349 18.4349 18.4349  19.9831 19.9831  18.4349  18.4349 18.4349 ] def
/YHighTDot   [  false   false   true     false   false    true     true    false   ] def
/PatFreq     [	10.5833 10.0     9.4055  10.5833 10.0	  10.5833  10.0	   9.375   ] def
/screenIndex {
	0 1 dpiranges length 1 sub { dup dpiranges exch get 1 sub dpi le {exit} {pop} ifelse } for
} bind def
/getCyanScreen {
	FMUseHighFrequencyScreens { CHighAngles CMHighFreqs} {CLowAngles CMLowFreqs} ifelse
		screenIndex dup 3 1 roll get 3 1 roll get /FMSpotFunction load
} bind def
/getMagentaScreen {
	FMUseHighFrequencyScreens { MHighAngles CMHighFreqs } {MLowAngles CMLowFreqs} ifelse
		screenIndex dup 3 1 roll get 3 1 roll get /FMSpotFunction load
} bind def
/getYellowScreen {
	FMUseHighFrequencyScreens { YHighTDot YHighFreqs} { YLowTDot YLowFreqs } ifelse
		screenIndex dup 3 1 roll get 3 1 roll get { 3 div
			{2 { 1 add 2 div 3 mul dup floor sub 2 mul 1 sub exch} repeat
			FMSpotFunction } } {/FMSpotFunction load } ifelse
			0.0 exch
} bind def
/getBlackScreen  {
	FMUseHighFrequencyScreens { KHighFreqs } { KLowFreqs } ifelse
		screenIndex get 45.0 /FMSpotFunction load 
} bind def
/getSpotScreen {
	getBlackScreen
} bind def
/getCompositeScreen {
	getBlackScreen
} bind def
/FMSetScreen 
	FMLevel1 { /setscreen load 
	}{ {
		8 dict begin
		/HalftoneType 1 def
		/SpotFunction exch def
		/Angle exch def
		/Frequency exch def
		/AccurateScreens FMUseAcccurateScreens def
		currentdict end sethalftone
	} bind } ifelse
def
/setDefaultScreen {
	FMPColor {
		orgrxfer cvx orggxfer cvx orgbxfer cvx orgxfer cvx setcolortransfer
	}
	{
		orgxfer cvx settransfer
	} ifelse
	orgfreq organgle orgproc cvx setscreen
} bind def
/setCurrentScreen {
	FrameSepIs FMnone eq {
		FMUseDefaultNoSeparationScreen {
			setDefaultScreen
		} {
			getCompositeScreen FMSetScreen
		} ifelse
	} {
		FrameSepIs FMcustom eq {
			FMUseDefaultSpotSeparationScreen {
				setDefaultScreen
			} {
				getSpotScreen FMSetScreen
			} ifelse
		} {
			FMUseDefaultProcessSeparationScreen {
				setDefaultScreen
			} {
				FrameSepIs FMcyan eq {
					getCyanScreen FMSetScreen
				} {
					FrameSepIs FMmagenta eq {
						getMagentaScreen FMSetScreen
					} {
						FrameSepIs FMyellow eq {
							getYellowScreen FMSetScreen
						} {
							getBlackScreen FMSetScreen
						} ifelse
					} ifelse
				} ifelse
			} ifelse
		} ifelse
	} ifelse 
} bind def
end
	/gstring FMLOCAL
	/gfile FMLOCAL
	/gindex FMLOCAL
	/orgrxfer FMLOCAL
	/orggxfer FMLOCAL
	/orgbxfer FMLOCAL
	/orgxfer FMLOCAL
	/orgproc FMLOCAL
	/orgrproc FMLOCAL
	/orggproc FMLOCAL
	/orgbproc FMLOCAL
	/organgle FMLOCAL
	/orgrangle FMLOCAL
	/orggangle FMLOCAL
	/orgbangle FMLOCAL
	/orgfreq FMLOCAL
	/orgrfreq FMLOCAL
	/orggfreq FMLOCAL
	/orgbfreq FMLOCAL
	/yscale FMLOCAL
	/xscale FMLOCAL
	/edown FMLOCAL
	/manualfeed FMLOCAL
	/paperheight FMLOCAL
	/paperwidth FMLOCAL
/FMDOCUMENT { 
	array /FMfonts exch def 
	/#copies exch def
	FrameDict begin
	0 ne /manualfeed exch def
	/paperheight exch def
	/paperwidth exch def
	0 ne /FrameNegative exch def 
	0 ne /edown exch def 
	/yscale exch def
	/xscale exch def
	FMLevel1 {
		manualfeed {setmanualfeed} if
		/FMdicttop countdictstack 1 add def 
		/FMoptop count def 
		setpapername 
		manualfeed {true} {papersize} ifelse 
		{manualpapersize} {false} ifelse 
		{desperatepapersize} {false} ifelse 
		{ (Can't select requested paper size for Frame print job!) FMFAILURE } if
		count -1 FMoptop {pop pop} for
		countdictstack -1 FMdicttop {pop end} for 
		}
		{{}stopped
		{ (Can't select requested paper size for Frame print job!) FMFAILURE } if
		 { } stopped pop }
	ifelse 
	
	FMPColor {
		currentcolorscreen
			cvlit /orgproc exch def
				  /organgle exch def 
				  /orgfreq exch def
			cvlit /orgbproc exch def
				  /orgbangle exch def 
				  /orgbfreq exch def
			cvlit /orggproc exch def
				  /orggangle exch def 
				  /orggfreq exch def
			cvlit /orgrproc exch def
				  /orgrangle exch def 
				  /orgrfreq exch def
			currentcolortransfer 
			FrameNegative {
				1 1 4 { 
					pop { 1 exch sub } concatprocs 4 1 roll
				} for
				4 copy
				setcolortransfer
			} if
			cvlit /orgxfer exch def
			cvlit /orgbxfer exch def
			cvlit /orggxfer exch def
			cvlit /orgrxfer exch def
	} {
		currentscreen 
			cvlit /orgproc exch def
				  /organgle exch def 
				  /orgfreq exch def
				  
		currenttransfer 
		FrameNegative {
			{ 1 exch sub } concatprocs
			dup settransfer
		} if 
		cvlit /orgxfer exch def
	} ifelse
	end 
} def 
/pagesave FMLOCAL
/orgmatrix FMLOCAL
/landscape FMLOCAL
/pwid FMLOCAL
/FMBEGINPAGE { 
	FrameDict begin 
	/pagesave save def
	3.86 setmiterlimit
	/landscape exch 0 ne def
	landscape { 
		90 rotate 0 exch dup /pwid exch def neg translate pop 
	}{
		pop /pwid exch def
	} ifelse
	edown { [-1 0 0 1 pwid 0] concat } if
	
	
	xscale yscale scale
	/orgmatrix matrix def
	gsave 
} def 
/FMENDPAGE {
	grestore 
	pagesave restore
	end 
	showpage
	} def 
/FMFONTDEFINE { 
	FrameDict begin
	findfont 
	ReEncode 
	1 index exch 
	definefont 
	FMfonts 3 1 roll 
	put
	end 
	} def 
/FMFILLS {
	FrameDict begin dup
	array /fillvals exch def
	dict /patCache exch def
	end 
	} def 
/FMFILL {
	FrameDict begin
	 fillvals 3 1 roll put
	end 
	} def 
/FMNORMALIZEGRAPHICS { 
	newpath
	0.0 0.0 moveto
	1 setlinewidth
	0 setlinecap
	0 0 0 sethsbcolor
	0 setgray 
	} bind def
	/fx FMLOCAL
	/fy FMLOCAL
	/fh FMLOCAL
	/fw FMLOCAL
	/llx FMLOCAL
	/lly FMLOCAL
	/urx FMLOCAL
	/ury FMLOCAL
/FMBEGINEPSF { 
	end 
	/FMEPSF save def 
	/showpage {} def 
% See Adobe's "PostScript Language Reference Manual, 2nd Edition", page 714.
% "...the following operators MUST NOT be used in an EPS file:" (emphasis ours)
	/banddevice {(banddevice) FMBADEPSF} def
	/clear {(clear) FMBADEPSF} def
	/cleardictstack {(cleardictstack) FMBADEPSF} def 
	/copypage {(copypage) FMBADEPSF} def
	/erasepage {(erasepage) FMBADEPSF} def
	/exitserver {(exitserver) FMBADEPSF} def
	/framedevice {(framedevice) FMBADEPSF} def
	/grestoreall {(grestoreall) FMBADEPSF} def
	/initclip {(initclip) FMBADEPSF} def
	/initgraphics {(initgraphics) FMBADEPSF} def
	/initmatrix {(initmatrix) FMBADEPSF} def
	/quit {(quit) FMBADEPSF} def
	/renderbands {(renderbands) FMBADEPSF} def
	/setglobal {(setglobal) FMBADEPSF} def
	/setpagedevice {(setpagedevice) FMBADEPSF} def
	/setshared {(setshared) FMBADEPSF} def
	/startjob {(startjob) FMBADEPSF} def
	/lettertray {(lettertray) FMBADEPSF} def
	/letter {(letter) FMBADEPSF} def
	/lettersmall {(lettersmall) FMBADEPSF} def
	/11x17tray {(11x17tray) FMBADEPSF} def
	/11x17 {(11x17) FMBADEPSF} def
	/ledgertray {(ledgertray) FMBADEPSF} def
	/ledger {(ledger) FMBADEPSF} def
	/legaltray {(legaltray) FMBADEPSF} def
	/legal {(legal) FMBADEPSF} def
	/statementtray {(statementtray) FMBADEPSF} def
	/statement {(statement) FMBADEPSF} def
	/executivetray {(executivetray) FMBADEPSF} def
	/executive {(executive) FMBADEPSF} def
	/a3tray {(a3tray) FMBADEPSF} def
	/a3 {(a3) FMBADEPSF} def
	/a4tray {(a4tray) FMBADEPSF} def
	/a4 {(a4) FMBADEPSF} def
	/a4small {(a4small) FMBADEPSF} def
	/b4tray {(b4tray) FMBADEPSF} def
	/b4 {(b4) FMBADEPSF} def
	/b5tray {(b5tray) FMBADEPSF} def
	/b5 {(b5) FMBADEPSF} def
	FMNORMALIZEGRAPHICS 
	[/fy /fx /fh /fw /ury /urx /lly /llx] {exch def} forall 
	fx fw 2 div add fy fh 2 div add  translate
	rotate
	fw 2 div neg fh 2 div neg translate
	fw urx llx sub div fh ury lly sub div scale 
	llx neg lly neg translate 
	/FMdicttop countdictstack 1 add def 
	/FMoptop count def 
	} bind def
/FMENDEPSF {
	count -1 FMoptop {pop pop} for 
	countdictstack -1 FMdicttop {pop end} for 
	FMEPSF restore
	FrameDict begin 
	} bind def
FrameDict begin 
/setmanualfeed {
	 statusdict /manualfeed true put
	} bind def
/max {2 copy lt {exch} if pop} bind def
/min {2 copy gt {exch} if pop} bind def
/inch {72 mul} def
/pagedimen { 
	paperheight sub abs 16 lt exch 
	paperwidth sub abs 16 lt and
	{/papername exch def} {pop} ifelse
	} bind def
	/papersizedict FMLOCAL
/setpapername { 
	/papersizedict 14 dict def 
	papersizedict begin
	/papername /unknown def 
		/Letter 8.5 inch 11.0 inch pagedimen
		/LetterSmall 7.68 inch 10.16 inch pagedimen
		/Tabloid 11.0 inch 17.0 inch pagedimen
		/Ledger 17.0 inch 11.0 inch pagedimen
		/Legal 8.5 inch 14.0 inch pagedimen
		/Statement 5.5 inch 8.5 inch pagedimen
		/Executive 7.5 inch 10.0 inch pagedimen
		/A3 11.69 inch 16.5 inch pagedimen
		/A4 8.26 inch 11.69 inch pagedimen
		/A4Small 7.47 inch 10.85 inch pagedimen
		/B4 10.125 inch 14.33 inch pagedimen
		/B5 7.16 inch 10.125 inch pagedimen
	end
	} bind def
/papersize {
	papersizedict begin
		/Letter {lettertray letter} def
		/LetterSmall {lettertray lettersmall} def
		/Tabloid {11x17tray 11x17} def
		/Ledger {ledgertray ledger} def
		/Legal {legaltray legal} def
		/Statement {statementtray statement} def
		/Executive {executivetray executive} def
		/A3 {a3tray a3} def
		/A4 {a4tray a4} def
		/A4Small {a4tray a4small} def
		/B4 {b4tray b4} def
		/B5 {b5tray b5} def
		/unknown {unknown} def
	papersizedict dup papername known {papername} {/unknown} ifelse get
	end
	statusdict begin stopped end 
	} bind def
/manualpapersize {
	papersizedict begin
		/Letter {letter} def
		/LetterSmall {lettersmall} def
		/Tabloid {11x17} def
		/Ledger {ledger} def
		/Legal {legal} def
		/Statement {statement} def
		/Executive {executive} def
		/A3 {a3} def
		/A4 {a4} def
		/A4Small {a4small} def
		/B4 {b4} def
		/B5 {b5} def
		/unknown {unknown} def
	papersizedict dup papername known {papername} {/unknown} ifelse get
	end
	stopped 
	} bind def
/desperatepapersize {
	statusdict /setpageparams known
		{
		paperwidth paperheight 0 1 
		statusdict begin
		{setpageparams} stopped 
		end
		} {true} ifelse 
	} bind def
/DiacriticEncoding [
/.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef
/.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef
/.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef
/.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef
/.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /space /exclam /quotedbl
/numbersign /dollar /percent /ampersand /quotesingle /parenleft
/parenright /asterisk /plus /comma /hyphen /period /slash /zero /one
/two /three /four /five /six /seven /eight /nine /colon /semicolon
/less /equal /greater /question /at /A /B /C /D /E /F /G /H /I /J /K
/L /M /N /O /P /Q /R /S /T /U /V /W /X /Y /Z /bracketleft /backslash
/bracketright /asciicircum /underscore /grave /a /b /c /d /e /f /g /h
/i /j /k /l /m /n /o /p /q /r /s /t /u /v /w /x /y /z /braceleft /bar
/braceright /asciitilde /.notdef /Adieresis /Aring /Ccedilla /Eacute
/Ntilde /Odieresis /Udieresis /aacute /agrave /acircumflex /adieresis
/atilde /aring /ccedilla /eacute /egrave /ecircumflex /edieresis
/iacute /igrave /icircumflex /idieresis /ntilde /oacute /ograve
/ocircumflex /odieresis /otilde /uacute /ugrave /ucircumflex
/udieresis /dagger /.notdef /cent /sterling /section /bullet
/paragraph /germandbls /registered /copyright /trademark /acute
/dieresis /.notdef /AE /Oslash /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef
/yen /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef
/ordfeminine /ordmasculine /.notdef /ae /oslash /questiondown
/exclamdown /logicalnot /.notdef /florin /.notdef /.notdef
/guillemotleft /guillemotright /ellipsis /.notdef /Agrave /Atilde
/Otilde /OE /oe /endash /emdash /quotedblleft /quotedblright
/quoteleft /quoteright /.notdef /.notdef /ydieresis /Ydieresis
/fraction /currency /guilsinglleft /guilsinglright /fi /fl /daggerdbl
/periodcentered /quotesinglbase /quotedblbase /perthousand
/Acircumflex /Ecircumflex /Aacute /Edieresis /Egrave /Iacute
/Icircumflex /Idieresis /Igrave /Oacute /Ocircumflex /.notdef /Ograve
/Uacute /Ucircumflex /Ugrave /dotlessi /circumflex /tilde /macron
/breve /dotaccent /ring /cedilla /hungarumlaut /ogonek /caron
] def
/ReEncode { 
	dup 
	length 
	dict begin 
	{
	1 index /FID ne 
		{def} 
		{pop pop} ifelse 
	} forall 
	0 eq {/Encoding DiacriticEncoding def} if 
	currentdict 
	end 
	} bind def
FMPColor 
	
	{
	/BEGINBITMAPCOLOR { 
		BITMAPCOLOR} def
	/BEGINBITMAPCOLORc { 
		BITMAPCOLORc} def
	/BEGINBITMAPTRUECOLOR { 
		BITMAPTRUECOLOR } def
	/BEGINBITMAPTRUECOLORc { 
		BITMAPTRUECOLORc } def
	}
	
	{
	/BEGINBITMAPCOLOR { 
		BITMAPGRAY} def
	/BEGINBITMAPCOLORc { 
		BITMAPGRAYc} def
	/BEGINBITMAPTRUECOLOR { 
		BITMAPTRUEGRAY } def
	/BEGINBITMAPTRUECOLORc { 
		BITMAPTRUEGRAYc } def
	}
ifelse
/K { 
	FMPrintAllColorsAsBlack {
		dup 1 eq 2 index 1 eq and 3 index 1 eq and not
			{7 {pop} repeat 0 0 0 1 0 0 0} if
	} if 
	FrameCurColors astore 
	pop combineColor
} bind def
/graymode true def
	/bwidth FMLOCAL
	/bpside FMLOCAL
	/bstring FMLOCAL
	/onbits FMLOCAL
	/offbits FMLOCAL
	/xindex FMLOCAL
	/yindex FMLOCAL
	/x FMLOCAL
	/y FMLOCAL
/setPatternMode {
	FMLevel1 {
		/bwidth  exch def
		/bpside  exch def
		/bstring exch def
		/onbits 0 def  /offbits 0 def
		freq sangle landscape {90 add} if 
			{/y exch def
			 /x exch def
			 /xindex x 1 add 2 div bpside mul cvi def
			 /yindex y 1 add 2 div bpside mul cvi def
			 bstring yindex bwidth mul xindex 8 idiv add get
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			 ifelse
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			setscreen
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	} { 
		pop pop
		dup patCache exch known {
			patCache exch get
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			patDict /bstring 3 -1 roll put
			patDict 
			9 PatFreq screenIndex get div dup matrix scale
			makepattern
			dup 
			patCache 4 -1 roll 3 -1 roll put
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		/FrameCurGray 0 def
		/FrameCurPat exch def
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	combineColor
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/setGrayScaleMode {
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		FMLevel1 {
			setCurrentScreen
		} if
	} if
	/FrameCurGray exch def
	combineColor
} bind def
/normalize {
	transform round exch round exch itransform
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/dnormalize {
	dtransform round exch round exch idtransform
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/lnormalize { 
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/H { 
	lnormalize setlinewidth
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/Z {
	setlinecap
	} bind def
	
/PFill {
	graymode FMLevel1 or not {
		gsave 1 setgray eofill grestore
	} if
} bind def
/PStroke {
	graymode FMLevel1 or not {
		gsave 1 setgray stroke grestore
	} if
	stroke
} bind def
	/fillvals FMLOCAL
/X { 
	fillvals exch get
	dup type /stringtype eq
	{8 1 setPatternMode} 
	{setGrayScaleMode}
	ifelse
	} bind def
/V { 
	PFill gsave eofill grestore
	} bind def
/Vclip {
	clip
	} bind def
/Vstrk {
	currentlinewidth exch setlinewidth PStroke setlinewidth
	} bind def
/N { 
	PStroke
	} bind def
/Nclip {
	strokepath clip newpath
	} bind def
/Nstrk {
	currentlinewidth exch setlinewidth PStroke setlinewidth
	} bind def
/M {newpath moveto} bind def
/E {lineto} bind def
/D {curveto} bind def
/O {closepath} bind def
	/n FMLOCAL
/L { 
 	/n exch def
	newpath
	normalize
	moveto 
	2 1 n {pop normalize lineto} for
	} bind def
/Y { 
	L 
	closepath
	} bind def
	/x1 FMLOCAL
	/x2 FMLOCAL
	/y1 FMLOCAL
	/y2 FMLOCAL
/R { 
	/y2 exch def
	/x2 exch def
	/y1 exch def
	/x1 exch def
	x1 y1
	x2 y1
	x2 y2
	x1 y2
	4 Y 
	} bind def
	/rad FMLOCAL
/rarc 
	{rad 
	 arcto
	} bind def
/RR { 
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	normalize
	/y2 exch def
	/x2 exch def
	normalize
	/y1 exch def
	/x1 exch def
	mark
	newpath
	{
	x1 y1 rad add moveto
	x1 y2 x2 y2 rarc
	x2 y2 x2 y1 rarc
	x2 y1 x1 y1 rarc
	x1 y1 x1 y2 rarc
	closepath
	} stopped {x1 y1 x2 y2 R} if 
	cleartomark
	} bind def
/RRR { 
	/rad exch def
	normalize /y4 exch def /x4 exch def
	normalize /y3 exch def /x3 exch def
	normalize /y2 exch def /x2 exch def
	normalize /y1 exch def /x1 exch def
	newpath
	normalize moveto 
	mark
	{
	x2 y2 x3 y3 rarc
	x3 y3 x4 y4 rarc
	x4 y4 x1 y1 rarc
	x1 y1 x2 y2 rarc
	closepath
	} stopped
	 {x1 y1 x2 y2 x3 y3 x4 y4 newpath moveto lineto lineto lineto closepath} if
	cleartomark
	} bind def
/C { 
	grestore
	gsave
	R 
	clip
	setCurrentScreen
} bind def
/CP { 
	grestore
	gsave
	Y 
	clip
	setCurrentScreen
} bind def
	/FMpointsize FMLOCAL
/F { 
	FMfonts exch get
	FMpointsize scalefont
	setfont
	} bind def
/Q { 
	/FMpointsize exch def
	F 
	} bind def
/T { 
	moveto show
	} bind def
/RF { 
	rotate
	0 ne {-1 1 scale} if
	} bind def
/TF { 
	gsave
	moveto 
	RF
	show
	grestore
	} bind def
/P { 
	moveto
	0 32 3 2 roll widthshow
	} bind def
/PF { 
	gsave
	moveto 
	RF
	0 32 3 2 roll widthshow
	grestore
	} bind def
/S { 
	moveto
	0 exch ashow
	} bind def
/SF { 
	gsave
	moveto
	RF
	0 exch ashow
	grestore
	} bind def
/B { 
	moveto
	0 32 4 2 roll 0 exch awidthshow
	} bind def
/BF { 
	gsave
	moveto
	RF
	0 32 4 2 roll 0 exch awidthshow
	grestore
	} bind def
/G { 
	gsave
	newpath
	normalize translate 0.0 0.0 moveto 
	dnormalize scale 
	0.0 0.0 1.0 5 3 roll arc 
	closepath 
	PFill fill
	grestore
	} bind def
/Gstrk {
	savematrix
    newpath
    2 index 2 div add exch 3 index 2 div sub exch 
    normalize 2 index 2 div sub exch 3 index 2 div add exch 
    translate
    scale 
    0.0 0.0 1.0 5 3 roll arc 
    restorematrix
    currentlinewidth exch setlinewidth PStroke setlinewidth
    } bind def
/Gclip { 
	newpath
	savematrix
	normalize translate 0.0 0.0 moveto 
	dnormalize scale 
	0.0 0.0 1.0 5 3 roll arc 
	closepath 
	clip newpath
	restorematrix
	} bind def
/GG { 
	gsave
	newpath
	normalize translate 0.0 0.0 moveto 
	rotate 
	dnormalize scale 
	0.0 0.0 1.0 5 3 roll arc 
	closepath
	PFill
	fill
	grestore
	} bind def
/GGclip { 
	savematrix
	newpath
    normalize translate 0.0 0.0 moveto 
    rotate 
    dnormalize scale 
    0.0 0.0 1.0 5 3 roll arc 
    closepath
	clip newpath
	restorematrix
	} bind def
/GGstrk { 
	savematrix
    newpath
    normalize translate 0.0 0.0 moveto 
    rotate 
    dnormalize scale 
    0.0 0.0 1.0 5 3 roll arc 
    closepath 
	restorematrix
    currentlinewidth exch setlinewidth PStroke setlinewidth
	} bind def
/A { 
	gsave
	savematrix
	newpath
	2 index 2 div add exch 3 index 2 div sub exch 
	normalize 2 index 2 div sub exch 3 index 2 div add exch 
	translate 
	scale 
	0.0 0.0 1.0 5 3 roll arc 
	restorematrix
	PStroke
	grestore
	} bind def
/Aclip {
	newpath
	savematrix
	normalize translate 0.0 0.0 moveto 
	dnormalize scale 
	0.0 0.0 1.0 5 3 roll arc 
	closepath 
	strokepath clip newpath
	restorematrix
} bind def
/Astrk {
	Gstrk
} bind def
/AA { 
	gsave
	savematrix
	newpath
	
	3 index 2 div add exch 4 index 2 div sub exch 
	
	normalize 3 index 2 div sub exch 4 index 2 div add exch
	translate 
	rotate 
	scale 
	0.0 0.0 1.0 5 3 roll arc 
	restorematrix
	PStroke
	grestore
	} bind def
/AAclip {
	savematrix
	newpath
    normalize translate 0.0 0.0 moveto 
    rotate 
    dnormalize scale 
    0.0 0.0 1.0 5 3 roll arc 
    closepath
	strokepath clip newpath
	restorematrix
} bind def
/AAstrk {
	GGstrk
} bind def
	/x FMLOCAL
	/y FMLOCAL
	/w FMLOCAL
	/h FMLOCAL
	/xx FMLOCAL
	/yy FMLOCAL
	/ww FMLOCAL
	/hh FMLOCAL
	/FMsaveobject FMLOCAL
	/FMoptop FMLOCAL
	/FMdicttop FMLOCAL
/BEGINPRINTCODE { 
	/FMdicttop countdictstack 1 add def 
	/FMoptop count 7 sub def 
	/FMsaveobject save def
	userdict begin 
	/showpage {} def 
	FMNORMALIZEGRAPHICS 
	3 index neg 3 index neg translate
	} bind def
/ENDPRINTCODE {
	count -1 FMoptop {pop pop} for 
	countdictstack -1 FMdicttop {pop end} for 
	FMsaveobject restore 
	} bind def
/gn { 
	0 
	{	46 mul 
		cf read pop 
		32 sub 
		dup 46 lt {exit} if 
		46 sub add 
		} loop
	add 
	} bind def
	/str FMLOCAL
/cfs { 
	/str sl string def 
	0 1 sl 1 sub {str exch val put} for 
	str def 
	} bind def
/ic [ 
	0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0223
	0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0223
	0
	{0 hx} {1 hx} {2 hx} {3 hx} {4 hx} {5 hx} {6 hx} {7 hx} {8 hx} {9 hx}
	{10 hx} {11 hx} {12 hx} {13 hx} {14 hx} {15 hx} {16 hx} {17 hx} {18 hx}
	{19 hx} {gn hx} {0} {1} {2} {3} {4} {5} {6} {7} {8} {9} {10} {11} {12}
	{13} {14} {15} {16} {17} {18} {19} {gn} {0 wh} {1 wh} {2 wh} {3 wh}
	{4 wh} {5 wh} {6 wh} {7 wh} {8 wh} {9 wh} {10 wh} {11 wh} {12 wh}
	{13 wh} {14 wh} {gn wh} {0 bl} {1 bl} {2 bl} {3 bl} {4 bl} {5 bl} {6 bl}
	{7 bl} {8 bl} {9 bl} {10 bl} {11 bl} {12 bl} {13 bl} {14 bl} {gn bl}
	{0 fl} {1 fl} {2 fl} {3 fl} {4 fl} {5 fl} {6 fl} {7 fl} {8 fl} {9 fl}
	{10 fl} {11 fl} {12 fl} {13 fl} {14 fl} {gn fl}
	] def
	/sl FMLOCAL
	/val FMLOCAL
	/ws FMLOCAL
	/im FMLOCAL
	/bs FMLOCAL
	/cs FMLOCAL
	/len FMLOCAL
	/pos FMLOCAL
/ms { 
	/sl exch def 
	/val 255 def 
	/ws cfs 
	/im cfs 
	/val 0 def 
	/bs cfs 
	/cs cfs 
	} bind def
400 ms 
/ip { 
	is 
	0 
	cf cs readline pop 
	{	ic exch get exec 
		add 
		} forall 
	pop 
	
	} bind def
/rip { 
	   
	  
	  bis ris copy pop 
      is
      0
      cf cs readline pop 
      {       ic exch get exec 
              add 
              } forall 
	  pop pop 
	  ris gis copy pop 
	  dup is exch 
	  
      cf cs readline pop 
      {       ic exch get exec 
              add 
              } forall 
	  pop pop
	  gis bis copy pop 
	  dup add is exch 
	  
      cf cs readline pop 
      {       ic exch get exec 
              add 
              } forall 
      pop 
      
      } bind def
/wh { 
	/len exch def 
	/pos exch def 
	ws 0 len getinterval im pos len getinterval copy pop
	pos len 
	} bind def
/bl { 
	/len exch def 
	/pos exch def 
	bs 0 len getinterval im pos len getinterval copy pop
	pos len 
	} bind def
/s1 1 string def
/fl { 
	/len exch def 
	/pos exch def 
	/val cf s1 readhexstring pop 0 get def
	pos 1 pos len add 1 sub {im exch val put} for
	pos len 
	} bind def
/hx { 
	3 copy getinterval 
	cf exch readhexstring pop pop 
	} bind def
	/h FMLOCAL
	/w FMLOCAL
	/d FMLOCAL
	/lb FMLOCAL
	/bitmapsave FMLOCAL
	/is FMLOCAL
	/cf FMLOCAL
/wbytes { 
      dup dup
      24 eq { pop pop 3 mul }
      { 8 eq {pop} {1 eq {7 add 8 idiv} {3 add 4 idiv} ifelse} ifelse } ifelse
	} bind def
/BEGINBITMAPBWc { 
	1 {} COMMONBITMAPc
	} bind def
/BEGINBITMAPGRAYc { 
	8 {} COMMONBITMAPc
	} bind def
/BEGINBITMAP2BITc { 
	2 {} COMMONBITMAPc
	} bind def
/COMMONBITMAPc { 
		 
	/r exch def
	/d exch def
	gsave
	
	3 index 2 div add exch	
	4 index 2 div add exch	
	translate		
	rotate			
	1 index 2 div neg	
	1 index 2 div neg	
	translate		
	scale			
	/h exch def /w exch def
	/lb w d wbytes def 
	sl lb lt {lb ms} if 
	/bitmapsave save def 
	r                    
	/is im 0 lb getinterval def 
	ws 0 lb getinterval is copy pop 
	/cf currentfile def 
	w h d [w 0 0 h neg 0 h] 
	{ip} image 
	bitmapsave restore 
	grestore
	} bind def
/BEGINBITMAPBW { 
	1 {} COMMONBITMAP
	} bind def
/BEGINBITMAPGRAY { 
	8 {} COMMONBITMAP
	} bind def
/BEGINBITMAP2BIT { 
	2 {} COMMONBITMAP
	} bind def
/COMMONBITMAP { 
	/r exch def
	/d exch def
	gsave
	
	3 index 2 div add exch	
	4 index 2 div add exch	
	translate		
	rotate			
	1 index 2 div neg	
	1 index 2 div neg	
	translate		
	scale			
	/h exch def /w exch def
	/bitmapsave save def 
	r                    
	/is w d wbytes string def
	/cf currentfile def 
	w h d [w 0 0 h neg 0 h] 
	{cf is readhexstring pop} image
	bitmapsave restore 
	grestore
	} bind def
/ngrayt 256 array def
/nredt 256 array def
/nbluet 256 array def
/ngreent 256 array def
	/gryt FMLOCAL
	/blut FMLOCAL
	/grnt FMLOCAL
	/redt FMLOCAL
	/indx FMLOCAL
	/cynu FMLOCAL
	/magu FMLOCAL
	/yelu FMLOCAL
	/k FMLOCAL
	/u FMLOCAL
FMLevel1 {
/colorsetup {
	currentcolortransfer
	/gryt exch def
	/blut exch def
	/grnt exch def
	/redt exch def
	0 1 255 {
		/indx exch def
		/cynu 1 red indx get 255 div sub def
		/magu 1 green indx get 255 div sub def
		/yelu 1 blue indx get 255 div sub def
		/k cynu magu min yelu min def
		/u k currentundercolorremoval exec def
%		/u 0 def
		nredt indx 1 0 cynu u sub max sub redt exec put
		ngreent indx 1 0 magu u sub max sub grnt exec put
		nbluet indx 1 0 yelu u sub max sub blut exec put
		ngrayt indx 1 k currentblackgeneration exec sub gryt exec put
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	{255 mul cvi nredt exch get}
	{255 mul cvi ngreent exch get}
	{255 mul cvi nbluet exch get}
	{255 mul cvi ngrayt exch get}
	setcolortransfer
	{pop 0} setundercolorremoval
	{} setblackgeneration
	} bind def
}
{
/colorSetup2 {
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		{dup red exch get 255 div 
		 exch dup green exch get 255 div 
		 exch blue exch get 255 div}
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} bind def
} ifelse
	/tran FMLOCAL
/fakecolorsetup {
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	0 1 255 {/indx exch def 
		tran indx
		red indx get 77 mul
		green indx get 151 mul
		blue indx get 28 mul
		add add 256 idiv put} for
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	{255 mul cvi tran exch get 255.0 div}
	exch concatprocs settransfer
} bind def
/BITMAPCOLOR { 
	/d 8 def
	gsave
	
	3 index 2 div add exch	
	4 index 2 div add exch	
	translate		
	rotate			
	1 index 2 div neg	
	1 index 2 div neg	
	translate		
	scale			
	/h exch def /w exch def
	/bitmapsave save def
	FMLevel1 {	
		colorsetup
		/is w d wbytes string def
		/cf currentfile def 
		w h d [w 0 0 h neg 0 h] 
		{cf is readhexstring pop} {is} {is} true 3 colorimage 
	} {
		colorSetup2
		/is w d wbytes string def
		/cf currentfile def 
		7 dict dup begin
			/ImageType 1 def
			/Width w def
			/Height h def
			/ImageMatrix [w 0 0 h neg 0 h] def
			/DataSource {cf is readhexstring pop} bind def
			/BitsPerComponent d def
			/Decode [0 255] def
		end image	
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	bitmapsave restore 
	grestore
	} bind def
/BITMAPCOLORc { 
	/d 8 def
	gsave
	
	3 index 2 div add exch	
	4 index 2 div add exch	
	translate		
	rotate			
	1 index 2 div neg	
	1 index 2 div neg	
	translate		
	scale			
	/h exch def /w exch def
	/lb w d wbytes def 
	sl lb lt {lb ms} if 
	/bitmapsave save def 
	FMLevel1 {	
		colorsetup
		/is im 0 lb getinterval def 
		ws 0 lb getinterval is copy pop 
		/cf currentfile def 
		w h d [w 0 0 h neg 0 h] 
		{ip} {is} {is} true 3 colorimage
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		colorSetup2
		/is im 0 lb getinterval def 
		ws 0 lb getinterval is copy pop 
		/cf currentfile def 
		7 dict dup begin
			/ImageType 1 def
			/Width w def
			/Height h def
			/ImageMatrix [w 0 0 h neg 0 h] def
			/DataSource {ip} bind def
			/BitsPerComponent d def
			/Decode [0 255] def
		end image	
	} ifelse
	bitmapsave restore 
	grestore
	} bind def
/BITMAPTRUECOLORc { 
	/d 24 def
        gsave
 	
	3 index 2 div add exch	
	4 index 2 div add exch	
	translate		
	rotate			
	1 index 2 div neg	
	1 index 2 div neg	
	translate		
	scale			
	/h exch def /w exch def
	/lb w d wbytes def 
	sl lb lt {lb ms} if 
        /bitmapsave save def 
        
	/is im 0 lb getinterval def	
	/ris im 0 w getinterval def	
	/gis im w w getinterval def	
	/bis im w 2 mul w getinterval def 
        
        ws 0 lb getinterval is copy pop 
        /cf currentfile def 
        w h 8 [w 0 0 h neg 0 h] 
        {w rip pop ris} {gis} {bis} true 3 colorimage
        bitmapsave restore 
        grestore
        } bind def
/BITMAPTRUECOLOR { 
        gsave
		
		3 index 2 div add exch	
		4 index 2 div add exch	
		translate		
		rotate			
		1 index 2 div neg	
		1 index 2 div neg	
		translate		
		scale			
		/h exch def /w exch def
        /bitmapsave save def 
        /is w string def
        /gis w string def
        /bis w string def
        /cf currentfile def 
        w h 8 [w 0 0 h neg 0 h] 
        { cf is readhexstring pop } 
        { cf gis readhexstring pop } 
        { cf bis readhexstring pop } 
        true 3 colorimage 
        bitmapsave restore 
        grestore
        } bind def
/BITMAPTRUEGRAYc { 
	/d 24 def
        gsave
	
	3 index 2 div add exch	
	4 index 2 div add exch	
	translate		
	rotate			
	1 index 2 div neg	
	1 index 2 div neg	
	translate		
	scale			
	/h exch def /w exch def
	/lb w d wbytes def 
	sl lb lt {lb ms} if 
        /bitmapsave save def 
        
	/is im 0 lb getinterval def	
	/ris im 0 w getinterval def	
	/gis im w w getinterval def	
	/bis im w 2 mul w getinterval def 
        ws 0 lb getinterval is copy pop 
        /cf currentfile def 
        w h 8 [w 0 0 h neg 0 h] 
        {w rip pop ris gis bis w gray} image
        bitmapsave restore 
        grestore
        } bind def
/ww FMLOCAL
/r FMLOCAL
/g FMLOCAL
/b FMLOCAL
/i FMLOCAL
/gray { 
        /ww exch def
        /b exch def
        /g exch def
        /r exch def
        0 1 ww 1 sub { /i exch def r i get .299 mul g i get .587 mul
			b i get .114 mul add add r i 3 -1 roll floor cvi put } for
        r
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/BITMAPTRUEGRAY { 
        gsave
		
		3 index 2 div add exch	
		4 index 2 div add exch	
		translate		
		rotate			
		1 index 2 div neg	
		1 index 2 div neg	
		translate		
		scale			
		/h exch def /w exch def
        /bitmapsave save def 
        /is w string def
        /gis w string def
        /bis w string def
        /cf currentfile def 
        w h 8 [w 0 0 h neg 0 h] 
        { cf is readhexstring pop 
          cf gis readhexstring pop 
          cf bis readhexstring pop w gray}  image
        bitmapsave restore 
        grestore
        } bind def
/BITMAPGRAY { 
	8 {fakecolorsetup} COMMONBITMAP
	} bind def
/BITMAPGRAYc { 
	8 {fakecolorsetup} COMMONBITMAPc
	} bind def
/ENDBITMAP {
	} bind def
end 
	/ALDsave FMLOCAL
	/ALDmatrix matrix def ALDmatrix currentmatrix pop
/StartALD {
	/ALDsave save def
	 savematrix
	 ALDmatrix setmatrix
	} bind def
/InALD {
	 restorematrix
	} bind def
/DoneALD {
	 ALDsave restore
	} bind def
/I { setdash } bind def
/J { [] 0 setdash } bind def
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3 H
0 X
N
(D) 530.61 508.1 T
585 500.6 666 500.6 2 L
0.5 H
N
3 H
90 450 22.5 22.5 688.5 505.1 A
(Host) 678.54 504.69 T
561.19 509.6 585 509.6 2 L
0.5 H
N
1 F
(LAN \050B\051) 587.03 519.42 T
(DR \050\336rst hop router\051) 477 551.3 T
701.33 539.87 692.99 549 704.9 545.67 703.11 542.77 4 Y
2 X
V
0 55.78 18 36 693 513 A
585 482.6 585 608.6 2 L
1 H
0 X
N
603 540 693 567 9 RR
2 X
N
0 F
0 X
(for G) 612 546 T
596.53 545.69 585 549 596.53 552.31 596.53 549 4 Y
2 X
V
603 549 596.53 549 2 L
0.5 H
N
333 513 468 549 9 RR
0 X
N
(2. Create \050S,G\051 entry:) 342 537.42 T
(incoming interface = {1}) 342 522.82 T
252 333 297 369 R
3 H
N
(C) 270 351 T
162 498 207 534 R
N
(A) 180 516 T
(2) 219 504.82 T
(1) 261 378.82 T
1 F
(LAN \050A\051) 69 576.82 T
(Rendezvous Point) 306 369.82 T
(\050RP\051 for group G) 306 357.82 T
7 X
90 450 22.5 22.5 58.5 534 G
0 X
90 450 22.5 22.5 58.5 534 A
0 F
(Host) 45 529.5 T
1 F
(Receiver \050R\051) 39.75 498.75 T
(Source \050S\051) 612 483.42 T
0 F
(2) 306 335.6 T
261 369 207 513 2 L
0.5 H
N
(1) 151.97 520.85 T
513 504 477 378 2 L
1 H
N
324 441 459 504 9 RR
N
465.44 496.22 458.99 486.01 459.05 498.08 462.25 497.15 4 Y
2 X
V
0.5 H
90 160.01 54 32.6 513 486 A
0 X
(3. Encapsulate Data) 333 489.01 T
(packets in Register) 333 476.25 T
(messages and unicast to) 333 463.5 T
(RP \050C\051) 333 450.74 T
(1) 567 519.42 T
(2) 495 486.82 T
9 405 216 468 9 RR
N
(5. If \050*,G\051 state exists then) 18 450 T
(decapsulate Registers and) 36 432.82 T
(forward packets out oif list of \050*,G\051) 36 417.82 T
279 261 423 315 9 RR
N
(7. Send Join/Prune) 287.57 302.46 T
(2) 486 384.42 T
(X) 477 357.42 T
(Multicast-Address = G) 288 276.3 T
(Join = {S}, Prune = NULL) 288 263.6 T
268.74 303.45 278.99 297.01 266.88 297.04 267.81 300.24 4 Y
2 X
V
180 245.52 27 36 279 333 A
450 261 594 315 9 RR
0 X
N
(8. Create \050S,G\051 entry:) 459.54 306 T
(outgoing interface list = {1}) 459.53 288.82 T
(incoming interface = {2}) 459 271.22 T
540 333 684 387 9 RR
N
(9. Send Join/Prune) 549 374.6 T
(message to D:) 549 362.6 T
(Multicast-Address = G) 549 350.6 T
(Join = {S}, Prune = NULL) 549 338.6 T
504 423 630 468 9 RR
N
525.31 479.54 522 468 518.69 479.54 522 479.54 4 Y
1 X
V
522 491.6 522 479.54 2 L
N
0 X
(10. Update \050S,G\051 entry:) 513 457.39 T
(add {2} to outgoing) 521.46 443.6 T
0 301.78 220.73 382.78 9 RR
N
(6. If Register data rate > Threshold) 10.93 365.23 T
(then create \050S,G\051 entry:) 10.93 354.1 T
(outgoing interface list = oif list of \050*,G\051-{2}) 8.2 342.52 T
(incoming interface = {2}) 8.2 331.39 T
(RPT) 10.03 311.6 T
(-bit = 0, SPT) 30.94 311.6 T
(-bit = 0) 91.94 311.6 T
114 576 114 486 2 L
N
159 513 114 513 2 L
N
78 531 114 531 2 L
N
479.54 518.69 468 522 479.54 525.31 479.54 522 4 Y
1 X
V
513 522 479.54 522 2 L
N
0 X
(1. Data packets) 612 558 T
459 351 297 351 2 L
N
228.3 287.09 216 288.01 226.92 293.74 227.61 290.42 4 Y
2 X
V
288.82 360 36 45 216 333 A
27 243 234 288 18 RR
0 X
N
(1) 36 275.6 T
(1. When receive \050S,G\051 unencapsulated) 41.56 275.6 T
(packets set SPT) 36 263.6 T
(-bit for \050S,G\051 entry) 110.89 263.6 T
(,) 200.76 263.6 T
236.54 334.47 225 337.78 236.54 341.09 236.54 337.78 4 Y
1 X
V
252 337.78 236.54 337.78 2 L
N
0 X
(message to X:) 287.57 290.46 T
(and trigger Register) 36 251.6 T
(-Stop message to D) 131.08 251.6 T
(interface list) 521.46 431.6 T
639 396 738 459 18 RR
7 X
V
0 X
N
(12. When receive) 648 441 T
(Register) 648 429 T
(-Stop:) 687.76 429 T
(restart Register) 648 417 T
(-) 720.74 417 T
270 396 396 432 18 RR
7 X
V
0 X
N
(4. Initiate \050S,G\051 packet) 279 414 T
(counter) 279 402 T
284.69 384.46 288 396 291.31 384.46 288 384.46 4 Y
1 X
V
288 369 288 384.46 2 L
N
1 F
0 X
(for LAN \050B\051) 477 540.82 T
0 F
(Suppression-timer) 648 405 T
FMENDPAGE
%%EndDocument
 @endspecial 1032 1884 a(Figure)30 b(2:)41 b(Example:)f(a)30
b(host)h(sending)e(to)i(a)g(group)1226 1997 y(Actions)f(are)h(n)m(um)m
(b)s(ered)e(in)g(the)h(order)g(they)h(o)s(ccur)17 2272
y(Eac)m(h)48 b(upstream)e(router)h(creates)i(or)f(up)s(dates)e(its)h(m)
m(ulticast)g(route)g(en)m(try)h(for)f(\(*,G\))i(when)d(it)h(receiv)m
(es)h(a)-125 2385 y(Join/Prune)42 b(with)g(the)h(RPT-bit)f(and)g(W)m
(C-bit)h(set.)79 b(The)43 b(in)m(terface)h(on)f(whic)m(h)e(the)j
(Join/Prune)d(message)j(ar-)-125 2498 y(riv)m(ed)27 b(is)g(added)g(to)i
(the)f(list)e(of)i(outgoing)g(in)m(terfaces)h(\(oifs\))e(for)h
(\(*,G\).)i(Based)e(on)g(this)e(en)m(try)i(eac)m(h)h(upstream)f(router)
-125 2611 y(b)s(et)m(w)m(een)h(the)g(receiv)m(er)g(and)e(the)i(RP)f
(sends)f(a)i(Join/Prune)d(message)j(in)e(whic)m(h)g(the)i(join)e(list)g
(includes)f(the)i(RP)-8 b(.)29 b(The)-125 2724 y(pac)m(k)m(et)k(pa)m
(yload)d(con)m(tains)h(Multicast-Address=G,)e(Join=)p
Fd(f)p Fk(RP)-8 b(,W)m(C-bit,RPT-bit)p Fd(g)p Fk(,)30
b(Prune=NULL.)-125 2967 y Fe(2.3)113 b(Hosts)37 b(sending)g(to)g(a)h
(group)-125 3139 y Fk(When)32 b(a)f(host)h(starts)f(sending)f(m)m
(ulticast)h(data)h(pac)m(k)m(ets)h(to)f(a)g(group,)f(initially)d(its)j
(DR)h(m)m(ust)f(deliv)m(er)f(eac)m(h)i(pac)m(k)m(et)-125
3252 y(to)h(the)f(RP)f(for)h(distribution)c(do)m(wn)j(the)h(RP-tree)h
(\(see)f(\014gure)f(2\).)46 b(The)31 b(sender's)g(DR)h(initially)d
(encapsulates)i(eac)m(h)-125 3365 y(data)j(pac)m(k)m(et)g(in)d(a)i
(Register)g(message)g(and)f(unicasts)f(it)h(to)i(the)e(RP)g(for)g(that)
i(group.)46 b(The)32 b(RP)g(decapsulates)g(eac)m(h)-125
3478 y(Register)e(message)h(and)e(forw)m(ards)g(the)h(enclosed)f(data)h
(pac)m(k)m(et)i(nativ)m(ely)d(to)h(do)m(wnstream)g(mem)m(b)s(ers)f(on)g
(the)h(shared)-125 3591 y(RP-tree.)17 3703 y(If)h(the)h(data)h(rate)f
(of)g(the)h(source)f(w)m(arran)m(ts)g(the)g(use)g(of)g(a)g(source-sp)s
(eci\014c)f(shortest)h(path)g(tree)h(\(SPT\),)f(the)g(RP)-125
3816 y(ma)m(y)k(construct)f(a)g(new)f(m)m(ulticast)g(route)h(en)m(try)g
(that)g(is)f(sp)s(eci\014c)f(to)j(the)e(source,)i(hereafter)g(referred)
d(to)j(as)f(\(S,G\))-125 3929 y(state,)30 b(and)d(send)f(p)s(erio)s
(dic)f(Join/Prune)g(messages)j(to)m(w)m(ard)g(the)g(source.)40
b(Note)28 b(that)g(o)m(v)m(er)g(time,)g(the)g(rules)d(for)i(when)-125
4042 y(to)i(switc)m(h)f(can)h(b)s(e)e(mo)s(di\014ed)f(without)h(global)
h(co)s(ordination.)39 b(When)28 b(and)f(if)g(the)i(RP)f(do)s(es)g
(switc)m(h)f(to)i(the)g(SPT,)e(the)-125 4155 y(routers)g(b)s(et)m(w)m
(een)h(the)f(source)g(and)f(the)h(RP)g(build)d(and)i(main)m(tain)g
(\(S,G\))i(state)g(in)e(resp)s(onse)g(to)i(these)f(messages)h(and)-125
4268 y(send)i(\(S,G\))h(messages)h(upstream)d(to)m(w)m(ard)j(the)e
(source.)17 4381 y(The)f(source's)g(DR)h(m)m(ust)g(stop)f
(encapsulating)g(data)h(pac)m(k)m(ets)h(in)d(Registers)i(when)e(\(and)i
(so)f(long)h(as\))g(it)f(receiv)m(es)-125 4494 y(Register-Stop)34
b(messages)h(from)e(the)g(RP)-8 b(.)34 b(The)f(RP)g(triggers)g
(Register-Stop)h(messages)g(in)e(resp)s(onse)h(to)h(Registers,)-125
4607 y(if)j(the)h(RP)f(has)g(no)g(do)m(wnstream)h(receiv)m(ers)g(for)f
(the)h(group)f(\(or)h(for)f(that)h(particular)e(source\),)k(or)d(if)g
(the)g(RP)h(has)-125 4720 y(already)f(joined)e(the)i(\(S,G\))h(tree)g
(and)e(is)g(receiving)g(the)h(data)g(pac)m(k)m(ets)i(nativ)m(ely)-8
b(.)60 b(Eac)m(h)37 b(source's)g(DR)g(main)m(tains,)-125
4833 y(p)s(er)29 b(\(S,G\),)h(a)g(Register-Suppression-timer.)37
b(The)29 b(Register-Suppression-timer)d(is)j(started)g(b)m(y)h(the)f
(Register-Stop)-125 4945 y(message;)48 b(up)s(on)39 b(expiration,)j
(the)f(source's)g(DR)g(resumes)f(sending)f(data)i(pac)m(k)m(ets)i(to)e
(the)g(RP)-8 b(,)41 b(encapsulated)g(in)-125 5058 y(Register)31
b(messages.)p eop
%%Page: 6 7
6 6 bop -125 -149 a Fh(draft-ietf-idmr-PIM-SM-sp)s(ec-10.ps)2718
b Fk(6)-125 1738 y @beginspecial 340 @voffset 60 @hoffset
60 @vscale 60 @hscale 270 @angle @setspecial
%%BeginDocument: example.3.ps
%
% Frame ps_prolog 4.0, for use with Frame 4.0 products
% This ps_prolog file is Copyright (c) 1986-1993 Frame Technology
% Corporation.  All rights reserved.  This ps_prolog file may be
% freely copied and distributed in conjunction with documents created
% using FrameMaker, FrameBuilder and FrameViewer as long as this 
% copyright notice is preserved.
%
% Frame products normally print colors as their true color on a color printer
% or as shades of gray, based on luminance, on a black-and white printer. The
% following flag, if set to True, forces all non-white colors to print as pure
% black. This has no effect on bitmap images.
/FMPrintAllColorsAsBlack             false def
%
% Frame products can either set their own line screens or use a printer's 
% default settings. Three flags below control this separately for no 
% separations, spot separations and process separations. If a flag
% is true, then the default printer settings will not be changed. If it is
% false, Frame products will use their own settings from a table based on
% the printer's resolution.
/FMUseDefaultNoSeparationScreen      true  def
/FMUseDefaultSpotSeparationScreen    true  def
/FMUseDefaultProcessSeparationScreen false def
%
% For any given PostScript printer resolution, Frame products have two sets of 
% screen angles and frequencies for printing process separations, which are 
% recomended by Adobe. The following variable chooses the higher frequencies
% when set to true or the lower frequencies when set to false. This is only
% effective if the appropriate FMUseDefault...SeparationScreen flag is false.
/FMUseHighFrequencyScreens true def
%
% PostScript Level 2 printers contain an "Accurate Screens" feature which can
% improve process separation rendering at the expense of compute time. This 
% flag is ignored by PostScript Level 1 printers.
/FMUseAcccurateScreens true def
%
% The following PostScript procedure defines the spot function that Frame
% products will use for process separations. You may un-comment-out one of
% the alternative functions below, or use your own.
%
% Dot function
/FMSpotFunction {abs exch abs 2 copy add 1 gt 
		{1 sub dup mul exch 1 sub dup mul add 1 sub }
		{dup mul exch dup mul add 1 exch sub }ifelse } def
%
% Line function
% /FMSpotFunction { pop } def
%
% Elipse function
% /FMSpotFunction { dup 5 mul 8 div mul exch dup mul exch add 
%		sqrt 1 exch sub } def
%
%
/FMversion (4.0) def 
/FMLevel1 /languagelevel where {pop languagelevel} {1} ifelse 2 lt def
/FMPColor
	FMLevel1 {
		false
		/colorimage where {pop pop true} if
	} {
		true
	} ifelse
def
/FrameDict 400 dict def 
systemdict /errordict known not {/errordict 10 dict def
		errordict /rangecheck {stop} put} if
% The readline in PS 23.0 doesn't recognize cr's as nl's on AppleTalk
FrameDict /tmprangecheck errordict /rangecheck get put 
errordict /rangecheck {FrameDict /bug true put} put 
FrameDict /bug false put 
mark 
% Some PS machines read past the CR, so keep the following 3 lines together!
currentfile 5 string readline
00
0000000000
cleartomark 
errordict /rangecheck FrameDict /tmprangecheck get put 
FrameDict /bug get { 
	/readline {
		/gstring exch def
		/gfile exch def
		/gindex 0 def
		{
			gfile read pop 
			dup 10 eq {exit} if 
			dup 13 eq {exit} if 
			gstring exch gindex exch put 
			/gindex gindex 1 add def 
		} loop
		pop 
		gstring 0 gindex getinterval true 
		} bind def
	} if
/FMshowpage /showpage load def
/FMquit /quit load def
/FMFAILURE { 
	dup = flush 
	FMshowpage 
	/Helvetica findfont 12 scalefont setfont
	72 200 moveto
	show FMshowpage 
	FMquit 
	} def 
/FMVERSION {
	FMversion ne {
		(Frame product version does not match ps_prolog!) FMFAILURE
		} if
	} def 
/FMBADEPSF { 
	(PostScript Lang. Ref. Man., 2nd Ed., H.2.4 says EPS must not call X              )
	dup dup (X) search pop exch pop exch pop length 
	4 -1 roll 
	putinterval 
	FMFAILURE
	} def
/FMLOCAL {
	FrameDict begin
	0 def 
	end 
	} def 
/concatprocs
	{
	/proc2 exch cvlit def/proc1 exch cvlit def/newproc proc1 length proc2 length add array def
	newproc 0 proc1 putinterval newproc proc1 length proc2 putinterval newproc cvx
}def
FrameDict begin 
/FMnone 0 def
/FMcyan 1 def
/FMmagenta 2 def
/FMyellow 3 def
/FMblack 4 def
/FMcustom 5 def
/FrameNegative false def 
/FrameSepIs FMnone def 
/FrameSepBlack 0 def
/FrameSepYellow 0 def
/FrameSepMagenta 0 def
/FrameSepCyan 0 def
/FrameSepRed 1 def
/FrameSepGreen 1 def
/FrameSepBlue 1 def
/FrameCurGray 1 def
/FrameCurPat null def
/FrameCurColors [ 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 ] def 
/FrameColorEpsilon .001 def	
/eqepsilon {		
	sub dup 0 lt {neg} if
	FrameColorEpsilon le
} bind def
/FrameCmpColorsCMYK { 
	2 copy 0 get exch 0 get eqepsilon {
		2 copy 1 get exch 1 get eqepsilon {
			2 copy 2 get exch 2 get eqepsilon {
				3 get exch 3 get eqepsilon
			} {pop pop false} ifelse
		}{pop pop false} ifelse
	} {pop pop false} ifelse
} bind def
/FrameCmpColorsRGB { 
	2 copy 4 get exch 0 get eqepsilon {
		2 copy 5 get exch 1 get eqepsilon {
			6 get exch 2 get eqepsilon
		}{pop pop false} ifelse
	} {pop pop false} ifelse
} bind def
/RGBtoCMYK { 
	1 exch sub 
	3 1 roll 
	1 exch sub 
	3 1 roll 
	1 exch sub 
	3 1 roll 
	3 copy 
	2 copy 
	le { pop } { exch pop } ifelse 
	2 copy 
	le { pop } { exch pop } ifelse 
	dup dup dup 
	6 1 roll 
	4 1 roll 
	7 1 roll 
	sub 
	6 1 roll 
	sub 
	5 1 roll 
	sub 
	4 1 roll 
} bind def
/CMYKtoRGB { 
	dup dup 4 -1 roll add 						  
	5 1 roll 3 -1 roll add 						  
	4 1 roll add 								  
	1 exch sub dup 0 lt {pop 0} if 3 1 roll 	  
	1 exch sub dup 0 lt {pop 0} if exch 	      
	1 exch sub dup 0 lt {pop 0} if exch	  		  
} bind def
/FrameSepInit {
	1.0 RealSetgray
} bind def
/FrameSetSepColor { 
	/FrameSepBlue exch def
	/FrameSepGreen exch def
	/FrameSepRed exch def
	/FrameSepBlack exch def
	/FrameSepYellow exch def
	/FrameSepMagenta exch def
	/FrameSepCyan exch def
	/FrameSepIs FMcustom def
	setCurrentScreen	
} bind def
/FrameSetCyan {
	/FrameSepBlue 1.0 def
	/FrameSepGreen 1.0 def
	/FrameSepRed 0.0 def
	/FrameSepBlack 0.0 def
	/FrameSepYellow 0.0 def
	/FrameSepMagenta 0.0 def
	/FrameSepCyan 1.0 def
	/FrameSepIs FMcyan def
	setCurrentScreen	
} bind def
 
/FrameSetMagenta {
	/FrameSepBlue 1.0 def
	/FrameSepGreen 0.0 def
	/FrameSepRed 1.0 def
	/FrameSepBlack 0.0 def
	/FrameSepYellow 0.0 def
	/FrameSepMagenta 1.0 def
	/FrameSepCyan 0.0 def
	/FrameSepIs FMmagenta def
	setCurrentScreen
} bind def
 
/FrameSetYellow {
	/FrameSepBlue 0.0 def
	/FrameSepGreen 1.0 def
	/FrameSepRed 1.0 def
	/FrameSepBlack 0.0 def
	/FrameSepYellow 1.0 def
	/FrameSepMagenta 0.0 def
	/FrameSepCyan 0.0 def
	/FrameSepIs FMyellow def
	setCurrentScreen
} bind def
 
/FrameSetBlack {
	/FrameSepBlue 0.0 def
	/FrameSepGreen 0.0 def
	/FrameSepRed 0.0 def
	/FrameSepBlack 1.0 def
	/FrameSepYellow 0.0 def
	/FrameSepMagenta 0.0 def
	/FrameSepCyan 0.0 def
	/FrameSepIs FMblack def
	setCurrentScreen
} bind def
 
/FrameNoSep { 
	/FrameSepIs FMnone def
	setCurrentScreen
} bind def
/FrameSetSepColors { 
	FrameDict begin
	[ exch 1 add 1 roll ]
	/FrameSepColors  
	exch def end
	} bind def
/FrameColorInSepListCMYK { 
	FrameSepColors {  
       		exch dup 3 -1 roll 
       		FrameCmpColorsCMYK 
       		{ pop true exit } if
    	} forall 
	dup true ne {pop false} if
	} bind def
/FrameColorInSepListRGB { 
	FrameSepColors {  
       		exch dup 3 -1 roll 
       		FrameCmpColorsRGB 
       		{ pop true exit } if
    	} forall 
	dup true ne {pop false} if
	} bind def
/RealSetgray /setgray load def
/RealSetrgbcolor /setrgbcolor load def
/RealSethsbcolor /sethsbcolor load def
end 
/setgray { 
	FrameDict begin
	FrameSepIs FMnone eq
		{ RealSetgray } 
		{ 
		FrameSepIs FMblack eq 
			{ RealSetgray } 
			{ FrameSepIs FMcustom eq 
			  FrameSepRed 0 eq and
			  FrameSepGreen 0 eq and
			  FrameSepBlue 0 eq and {
			  	RealSetgray
			  } {
				1 RealSetgray pop 
			  } ifelse
			} ifelse
		} ifelse
	end
} bind def
/setrgbcolor { 
	FrameDict begin
	FrameSepIs FMnone eq
	{  RealSetrgbcolor }
	{
		3 copy [ 4 1 roll ] 
		FrameColorInSepListRGB
		{
				FrameSepBlue eq exch 
			 	FrameSepGreen eq and exch 
			 	FrameSepRed eq and
			 	{ 0 } { 1 } ifelse
		}
		{
			FMPColor {
				RealSetrgbcolor
				currentcmykcolor
			} {
				RGBtoCMYK
			} ifelse
			FrameSepIs FMblack eq
			{1.0 exch sub 4 1 roll pop pop pop} {
			FrameSepIs FMyellow eq
			{pop 1.0 exch sub 3 1 roll pop pop} {
			FrameSepIs FMmagenta eq
			{pop pop 1.0 exch sub exch pop } {
			FrameSepIs FMcyan eq
			{pop pop pop 1.0 exch sub } 
			{pop pop pop pop 1} ifelse } ifelse } ifelse } ifelse 
		} ifelse
		RealSetgray
	} 
	ifelse
	end
} bind def
/sethsbcolor {
	FrameDict begin
	FrameSepIs FMnone eq 
	{ RealSethsbcolor } 
	{
		RealSethsbcolor 
		currentrgbcolor  
		setrgbcolor 
	} 
	ifelse
	end
} bind def
FrameDict begin
/setcmykcolor where {
	pop /RealSetcmykcolor /setcmykcolor load def
} {
	/RealSetcmykcolor {
		4 1 roll
		3 { 3 index add 0 max 1 min 1 exch sub 3 1 roll} repeat 
		setrgbcolor pop
	} bind def
} ifelse
userdict /setcmykcolor { 
		FrameDict begin
		FrameSepIs FMnone eq
		{ RealSetcmykcolor } 
		{
			4 copy [ 5 1 roll ]
			FrameColorInSepListCMYK
			{
				FrameSepBlack eq exch 
				FrameSepYellow eq and exch 
				FrameSepMagenta eq and exch 
				FrameSepCyan eq and 
				{ 0 } { 1 } ifelse
			}
			{
				FrameSepIs FMblack eq
				{1.0 exch sub 4 1 roll pop pop pop} {
				FrameSepIs FMyellow eq
				{pop 1.0 exch sub 3 1 roll pop pop} {
				FrameSepIs FMmagenta eq
				{pop pop 1.0 exch sub exch pop } {
				FrameSepIs FMcyan eq
				{pop pop pop 1.0 exch sub } 
				{pop pop pop pop 1} ifelse } ifelse } ifelse } ifelse 
			} ifelse
			RealSetgray
		}
		ifelse
		end
	} bind put
FMLevel1 not { 
	
	/patProcDict 5 dict dup begin
		<0f1e3c78f0e1c387> { 3 setlinewidth -1 -1 moveto 9 9 lineto stroke 
											4 -4 moveto 12 4 lineto stroke
											-4 4 moveto 4 12 lineto stroke} bind def
		<0f87c3e1f0783c1e> { 3 setlinewidth -1 9 moveto 9 -1 lineto stroke 
											-4 4 moveto 4 -4 lineto stroke
											4 12 moveto 12 4 lineto stroke} bind def
		<8142241818244281> { 1 setlinewidth -1 9 moveto 9 -1 lineto stroke
											-1 -1 moveto 9 9 lineto stroke } bind def
		<03060c183060c081> { 1 setlinewidth -1 -1 moveto 9 9 lineto stroke 
											4 -4 moveto 12 4 lineto stroke
											-4 4 moveto 4 12 lineto stroke} bind def
		<8040201008040201> { 1 setlinewidth -1 9 moveto 9 -1 lineto stroke 
											-4 4 moveto 4 -4 lineto stroke
											4 12 moveto 12 4 lineto stroke} bind def
	end def
	/patDict 15 dict dup begin
		/PatternType 1 def		
		/PaintType 2 def		
		/TilingType 3 def		
		/BBox [ 0 0 8 8 ] def 	
		/XStep 8 def			
		/YStep 8 def			
		/PaintProc {
			begin
			patProcDict bstring known {
				patProcDict bstring get exec
			} {
				8 8 true [1 0 0 -1 0 8] bstring imagemask
			} ifelse
			end
		} bind def
	end def
} if
/combineColor {
    FrameSepIs FMnone eq
	{
		graymode FMLevel1 or not {
			
			[/Pattern [/DeviceCMYK]] setcolorspace
			FrameCurColors 0 4 getinterval aload pop FrameCurPat setcolor
		} {
			FrameCurColors 3 get 1.0 ge {
				FrameCurGray RealSetgray
			} {
				FMPColor graymode and {
					0 1 3 { 
						FrameCurColors exch get
						1 FrameCurGray sub mul
					} for
					RealSetcmykcolor
				} {
					4 1 6 {
						FrameCurColors exch get
						graymode {
							1 exch sub 1 FrameCurGray sub mul 1 exch sub
						} {
							1.0 lt {FrameCurGray} {1} ifelse
						} ifelse
					} for
					RealSetrgbcolor
				} ifelse
			} ifelse
		} ifelse
	} { 
		FrameCurColors 0 4 getinterval aload
		FrameColorInSepListCMYK {
			FrameSepBlack eq exch 
			FrameSepYellow eq and exch 
			FrameSepMagenta eq and exch 
			FrameSepCyan eq and
			FrameSepIs FMcustom eq and
			{ FrameCurGray } { 1 } ifelse
		} {
			FrameSepIs FMblack eq
			{FrameCurGray 1.0 exch sub mul 1.0 exch sub 4 1 roll pop pop pop} {
			FrameSepIs FMyellow eq
			{pop FrameCurGray 1.0 exch sub mul 1.0 exch sub 3 1 roll pop pop} {
			FrameSepIs FMmagenta eq
			{pop pop FrameCurGray 1.0 exch sub mul 1.0 exch sub exch pop } {
			FrameSepIs FMcyan eq
			{pop pop pop FrameCurGray 1.0 exch sub mul 1.0 exch sub } 
			{pop pop pop pop 1} ifelse } ifelse } ifelse } ifelse 
		} ifelse
		graymode FMLevel1 or not {
			
			[/Pattern [/DeviceGray]] setcolorspace
			FrameCurPat setcolor
		} { 
			graymode not FMLevel1 and {
				
				dup 1 lt {pop FrameCurGray} if
			} if
			RealSetgray
		} ifelse
	} ifelse
} bind def
/savematrix {
	orgmatrix currentmatrix pop
	} bind def
/restorematrix {
	orgmatrix setmatrix
	} bind def
/dmatrix matrix def
/dpi    72 0 dmatrix defaultmatrix dtransform
    dup mul exch   dup mul add   sqrt def
	
/freq dpi dup 72 div round dup 0 eq {pop 1} if 8 mul div def
/sangle 1 0 dmatrix defaultmatrix dtransform exch atan def
/dpiranges   [  2540    2400    1693     1270    1200     635      600      0      ] def
/CMLowFreqs  [ 100.402  94.8683 89.2289 100.402  94.8683  66.9349  63.2456 47.4342 ] def
/YLowFreqs   [  95.25   90.0    84.65    95.25   90.0     70.5556  66.6667 50.0    ] def
/KLowFreqs   [  89.8026 84.8528 79.8088  89.8026 84.8528  74.8355  70.7107 53.033  ] def
/CLowAngles  [  71.5651 71.5651 71.5651 71.5651  71.5651  71.5651  71.5651 71.5651 ] def
/MLowAngles  [  18.4349 18.4349 18.4349 18.4349  18.4349  18.4349  18.4349 18.4349 ] def
/YLowTDot    [  true    true    false    true    true     false    false   false   ] def
/CMHighFreqs [ 133.87  126.491 133.843  108.503 102.523  100.402   94.8683 63.2456 ] def
/YHighFreqs  [ 127.0   120.0   126.975  115.455 109.091   95.25    90.0    60.0    ] def
/KHighFreqs  [ 119.737 113.137 119.713  128.289 121.218   89.8026  84.8528 63.6395 ] def
/CHighAngles [  71.5651 71.5651 71.5651  70.0169 70.0169  71.5651  71.5651 71.5651 ] def
/MHighAngles [  18.4349 18.4349 18.4349  19.9831 19.9831  18.4349  18.4349 18.4349 ] def
/YHighTDot   [  false   false   true     false   false    true     true    false   ] def
/PatFreq     [	10.5833 10.0     9.4055  10.5833 10.0	  10.5833  10.0	   9.375   ] def
/screenIndex {
	0 1 dpiranges length 1 sub { dup dpiranges exch get 1 sub dpi le {exit} {pop} ifelse } for
} bind def
/getCyanScreen {
	FMUseHighFrequencyScreens { CHighAngles CMHighFreqs} {CLowAngles CMLowFreqs} ifelse
		screenIndex dup 3 1 roll get 3 1 roll get /FMSpotFunction load
} bind def
/getMagentaScreen {
	FMUseHighFrequencyScreens { MHighAngles CMHighFreqs } {MLowAngles CMLowFreqs} ifelse
		screenIndex dup 3 1 roll get 3 1 roll get /FMSpotFunction load
} bind def
/getYellowScreen {
	FMUseHighFrequencyScreens { YHighTDot YHighFreqs} { YLowTDot YLowFreqs } ifelse
		screenIndex dup 3 1 roll get 3 1 roll get { 3 div
			{2 { 1 add 2 div 3 mul dup floor sub 2 mul 1 sub exch} repeat
			FMSpotFunction } } {/FMSpotFunction load } ifelse
			0.0 exch
} bind def
/getBlackScreen  {
	FMUseHighFrequencyScreens { KHighFreqs } { KLowFreqs } ifelse
		screenIndex get 45.0 /FMSpotFunction load 
} bind def
/getSpotScreen {
	getBlackScreen
} bind def
/getCompositeScreen {
	getBlackScreen
} bind def
/FMSetScreen 
	FMLevel1 { /setscreen load 
	}{ {
		8 dict begin
		/HalftoneType 1 def
		/SpotFunction exch def
		/Angle exch def
		/Frequency exch def
		/AccurateScreens FMUseAcccurateScreens def
		currentdict end sethalftone
	} bind } ifelse
def
/setDefaultScreen {
	FMPColor {
		orgrxfer cvx orggxfer cvx orgbxfer cvx orgxfer cvx setcolortransfer
	}
	{
		orgxfer cvx settransfer
	} ifelse
	orgfreq organgle orgproc cvx setscreen
} bind def
/setCurrentScreen {
	FrameSepIs FMnone eq {
		FMUseDefaultNoSeparationScreen {
			setDefaultScreen
		} {
			getCompositeScreen FMSetScreen
		} ifelse
	} {
		FrameSepIs FMcustom eq {
			FMUseDefaultSpotSeparationScreen {
				setDefaultScreen
			} {
				getSpotScreen FMSetScreen
			} ifelse
		} {
			FMUseDefaultProcessSeparationScreen {
				setDefaultScreen
			} {
				FrameSepIs FMcyan eq {
					getCyanScreen FMSetScreen
				} {
					FrameSepIs FMmagenta eq {
						getMagentaScreen FMSetScreen
					} {
						FrameSepIs FMyellow eq {
							getYellowScreen FMSetScreen
						} {
							getBlackScreen FMSetScreen
						} ifelse
					} ifelse
				} ifelse
			} ifelse
		} ifelse
	} ifelse 
} bind def
end
	/gstring FMLOCAL
	/gfile FMLOCAL
	/gindex FMLOCAL
	/orgrxfer FMLOCAL
	/orggxfer FMLOCAL
	/orgbxfer FMLOCAL
	/orgxfer FMLOCAL
	/orgproc FMLOCAL
	/orgrproc FMLOCAL
	/orggproc FMLOCAL
	/orgbproc FMLOCAL
	/organgle FMLOCAL
	/orgrangle FMLOCAL
	/orggangle FMLOCAL
	/orgbangle FMLOCAL
	/orgfreq FMLOCAL
	/orgrfreq FMLOCAL
	/orggfreq FMLOCAL
	/orgbfreq FMLOCAL
	/yscale FMLOCAL
	/xscale FMLOCAL
	/edown FMLOCAL
	/manualfeed FMLOCAL
	/paperheight FMLOCAL
	/paperwidth FMLOCAL
/FMDOCUMENT { 
	array /FMfonts exch def 
	/#copies exch def
	FrameDict begin
	0 ne /manualfeed exch def
	/paperheight exch def
	/paperwidth exch def
	0 ne /FrameNegative exch def 
	0 ne /edown exch def 
	/yscale exch def
	/xscale exch def
	FMLevel1 {
		manualfeed {setmanualfeed} if
		/FMdicttop countdictstack 1 add def 
		/FMoptop count def 
		setpapername 
		manualfeed {true} {papersize} ifelse 
		{manualpapersize} {false} ifelse 
		{desperatepapersize} {false} ifelse 
		{ (Can't select requested paper size for Frame print job!) FMFAILURE } if
		count -1 FMoptop {pop pop} for
		countdictstack -1 FMdicttop {pop end} for 
		}
		{{}stopped
		{ (Can't select requested paper size for Frame print job!) FMFAILURE } if
		 { } stopped pop }
	ifelse 
	
	FMPColor {
		currentcolorscreen
			cvlit /orgproc exch def
				  /organgle exch def 
				  /orgfreq exch def
			cvlit /orgbproc exch def
				  /orgbangle exch def 
				  /orgbfreq exch def
			cvlit /orggproc exch def
				  /orggangle exch def 
				  /orggfreq exch def
			cvlit /orgrproc exch def
				  /orgrangle exch def 
				  /orgrfreq exch def
			currentcolortransfer 
			FrameNegative {
				1 1 4 { 
					pop { 1 exch sub } concatprocs 4 1 roll
				} for
				4 copy
				setcolortransfer
			} if
			cvlit /orgxfer exch def
			cvlit /orgbxfer exch def
			cvlit /orggxfer exch def
			cvlit /orgrxfer exch def
	} {
		currentscreen 
			cvlit /orgproc exch def
				  /organgle exch def 
				  /orgfreq exch def
				  
		currenttransfer 
		FrameNegative {
			{ 1 exch sub } concatprocs
			dup settransfer
		} if 
		cvlit /orgxfer exch def
	} ifelse
	end 
} def 
/pagesave FMLOCAL
/orgmatrix FMLOCAL
/landscape FMLOCAL
/pwid FMLOCAL
/FMBEGINPAGE { 
	FrameDict begin 
	/pagesave save def
	3.86 setmiterlimit
	/landscape exch 0 ne def
	landscape { 
		90 rotate 0 exch dup /pwid exch def neg translate pop 
	}{
		pop /pwid exch def
	} ifelse
	edown { [-1 0 0 1 pwid 0] concat } if
	
	
	xscale yscale scale
	/orgmatrix matrix def
	gsave 
} def 
/FMENDPAGE {
	grestore 
	pagesave restore
	end 
	showpage
	} def 
/FMFONTDEFINE { 
	FrameDict begin
	findfont 
	ReEncode 
	1 index exch 
	definefont 
	FMfonts 3 1 roll 
	put
	end 
	} def 
/FMFILLS {
	FrameDict begin dup
	array /fillvals exch def
	dict /patCache exch def
	end 
	} def 
/FMFILL {
	FrameDict begin
	 fillvals 3 1 roll put
	end 
	} def 
/FMNORMALIZEGRAPHICS { 
	newpath
	0.0 0.0 moveto
	1 setlinewidth
	0 setlinecap
	0 0 0 sethsbcolor
	0 setgray 
	} bind def
	/fx FMLOCAL
	/fy FMLOCAL
	/fh FMLOCAL
	/fw FMLOCAL
	/llx FMLOCAL
	/lly FMLOCAL
	/urx FMLOCAL
	/ury FMLOCAL
/FMBEGINEPSF { 
	end 
	/FMEPSF save def 
	/showpage {} def 
% See Adobe's "PostScript Language Reference Manual, 2nd Edition", page 714.
% "...the following operators MUST NOT be used in an EPS file:" (emphasis ours)
	/banddevice {(banddevice) FMBADEPSF} def
	/clear {(clear) FMBADEPSF} def
	/cleardictstack {(cleardictstack) FMBADEPSF} def 
	/copypage {(copypage) FMBADEPSF} def
	/erasepage {(erasepage) FMBADEPSF} def
	/exitserver {(exitserver) FMBADEPSF} def
	/framedevice {(framedevice) FMBADEPSF} def
	/grestoreall {(grestoreall) FMBADEPSF} def
	/initclip {(initclip) FMBADEPSF} def
	/initgraphics {(initgraphics) FMBADEPSF} def
	/initmatrix {(initmatrix) FMBADEPSF} def
	/quit {(quit) FMBADEPSF} def
	/renderbands {(renderbands) FMBADEPSF} def
	/setglobal {(setglobal) FMBADEPSF} def
	/setpagedevice {(setpagedevice) FMBADEPSF} def
	/setshared {(setshared) FMBADEPSF} def
	/startjob {(startjob) FMBADEPSF} def
	/lettertray {(lettertray) FMBADEPSF} def
	/letter {(letter) FMBADEPSF} def
	/lettersmall {(lettersmall) FMBADEPSF} def
	/11x17tray {(11x17tray) FMBADEPSF} def
	/11x17 {(11x17) FMBADEPSF} def
	/ledgertray {(ledgertray) FMBADEPSF} def
	/ledger {(ledger) FMBADEPSF} def
	/legaltray {(legaltray) FMBADEPSF} def
	/legal {(legal) FMBADEPSF} def
	/statementtray {(statementtray) FMBADEPSF} def
	/statement {(statement) FMBADEPSF} def
	/executivetray {(executivetray) FMBADEPSF} def
	/executive {(executive) FMBADEPSF} def
	/a3tray {(a3tray) FMBADEPSF} def
	/a3 {(a3) FMBADEPSF} def
	/a4tray {(a4tray) FMBADEPSF} def
	/a4 {(a4) FMBADEPSF} def
	/a4small {(a4small) FMBADEPSF} def
	/b4tray {(b4tray) FMBADEPSF} def
	/b4 {(b4) FMBADEPSF} def
	/b5tray {(b5tray) FMBADEPSF} def
	/b5 {(b5) FMBADEPSF} def
	FMNORMALIZEGRAPHICS 
	[/fy /fx /fh /fw /ury /urx /lly /llx] {exch def} forall 
	fx fw 2 div add fy fh 2 div add  translate
	rotate
	fw 2 div neg fh 2 div neg translate
	fw urx llx sub div fh ury lly sub div scale 
	llx neg lly neg translate 
	/FMdicttop countdictstack 1 add def 
	/FMoptop count def 
	} bind def
/FMENDEPSF {
	count -1 FMoptop {pop pop} for 
	countdictstack -1 FMdicttop {pop end} for 
	FMEPSF restore
	FrameDict begin 
	} bind def
FrameDict begin 
/setmanualfeed {
	 statusdict /manualfeed true put
	} bind def
/max {2 copy lt {exch} if pop} bind def
/min {2 copy gt {exch} if pop} bind def
/inch {72 mul} def
/pagedimen { 
	paperheight sub abs 16 lt exch 
	paperwidth sub abs 16 lt and
	{/papername exch def} {pop} ifelse
	} bind def
	/papersizedict FMLOCAL
/setpapername { 
	/papersizedict 14 dict def 
	papersizedict begin
	/papername /unknown def 
		/Letter 8.5 inch 11.0 inch pagedimen
		/LetterSmall 7.68 inch 10.16 inch pagedimen
		/Tabloid 11.0 inch 17.0 inch pagedimen
		/Ledger 17.0 inch 11.0 inch pagedimen
		/Legal 8.5 inch 14.0 inch pagedimen
		/Statement 5.5 inch 8.5 inch pagedimen
		/Executive 7.5 inch 10.0 inch pagedimen
		/A3 11.69 inch 16.5 inch pagedimen
		/A4 8.26 inch 11.69 inch pagedimen
		/A4Small 7.47 inch 10.85 inch pagedimen
		/B4 10.125 inch 14.33 inch pagedimen
		/B5 7.16 inch 10.125 inch pagedimen
	end
	} bind def
/papersize {
	papersizedict begin
		/Letter {lettertray letter} def
		/LetterSmall {lettertray lettersmall} def
		/Tabloid {11x17tray 11x17} def
		/Ledger {ledgertray ledger} def
		/Legal {legaltray legal} def
		/Statement {statementtray statement} def
		/Executive {executivetray executive} def
		/A3 {a3tray a3} def
		/A4 {a4tray a4} def
		/A4Small {a4tray a4small} def
		/B4 {b4tray b4} def
		/B5 {b5tray b5} def
		/unknown {unknown} def
	papersizedict dup papername known {papername} {/unknown} ifelse get
	end
	statusdict begin stopped end 
	} bind def
/manualpapersize {
	papersizedict begin
		/Letter {letter} def
		/LetterSmall {lettersmall} def
		/Tabloid {11x17} def
		/Ledger {ledger} def
		/Legal {legal} def
		/Statement {statement} def
		/Executive {executive} def
		/A3 {a3} def
		/A4 {a4} def
		/A4Small {a4small} def
		/B4 {b4} def
		/B5 {b5} def
		/unknown {unknown} def
	papersizedict dup papername known {papername} {/unknown} ifelse get
	end
	stopped 
	} bind def
/desperatepapersize {
	statusdict /setpageparams known
		{
		paperwidth paperheight 0 1 
		statusdict begin
		{setpageparams} stopped 
		end
		} {true} ifelse 
	} bind def
/DiacriticEncoding [
/.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef
/.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef
/.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef
/.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef
/.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /space /exclam /quotedbl
/numbersign /dollar /percent /ampersand /quotesingle /parenleft
/parenright /asterisk /plus /comma /hyphen /period /slash /zero /one
/two /three /four /five /six /seven /eight /nine /colon /semicolon
/less /equal /greater /question /at /A /B /C /D /E /F /G /H /I /J /K
/L /M /N /O /P /Q /R /S /T /U /V /W /X /Y /Z /bracketleft /backslash
/bracketright /asciicircum /underscore /grave /a /b /c /d /e /f /g /h
/i /j /k /l /m /n /o /p /q /r /s /t /u /v /w /x /y /z /braceleft /bar
/braceright /asciitilde /.notdef /Adieresis /Aring /Ccedilla /Eacute
/Ntilde /Odieresis /Udieresis /aacute /agrave /acircumflex /adieresis
/atilde /aring /ccedilla /eacute /egrave /ecircumflex /edieresis
/iacute /igrave /icircumflex /idieresis /ntilde /oacute /ograve
/ocircumflex /odieresis /otilde /uacute /ugrave /ucircumflex
/udieresis /dagger /.notdef /cent /sterling /section /bullet
/paragraph /germandbls /registered /copyright /trademark /acute
/dieresis /.notdef /AE /Oslash /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef
/yen /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef
/ordfeminine /ordmasculine /.notdef /ae /oslash /questiondown
/exclamdown /logicalnot /.notdef /florin /.notdef /.notdef
/guillemotleft /guillemotright /ellipsis /.notdef /Agrave /Atilde
/Otilde /OE /oe /endash /emdash /quotedblleft /quotedblright
/quoteleft /quoteright /.notdef /.notdef /ydieresis /Ydieresis
/fraction /currency /guilsinglleft /guilsinglright /fi /fl /daggerdbl
/periodcentered /quotesinglbase /quotedblbase /perthousand
/Acircumflex /Ecircumflex /Aacute /Edieresis /Egrave /Iacute
/Icircumflex /Idieresis /Igrave /Oacute /Ocircumflex /.notdef /Ograve
/Uacute /Ucircumflex /Ugrave /dotlessi /circumflex /tilde /macron
/breve /dotaccent /ring /cedilla /hungarumlaut /ogonek /caron
] def
/ReEncode { 
	dup 
	length 
	dict begin 
	{
	1 index /FID ne 
		{def} 
		{pop pop} ifelse 
	} forall 
	0 eq {/Encoding DiacriticEncoding def} if 
	currentdict 
	end 
	} bind def
FMPColor 
	
	{
	/BEGINBITMAPCOLOR { 
		BITMAPCOLOR} def
	/BEGINBITMAPCOLORc { 
		BITMAPCOLORc} def
	/BEGINBITMAPTRUECOLOR { 
		BITMAPTRUECOLOR } def
	/BEGINBITMAPTRUECOLORc { 
		BITMAPTRUECOLORc } def
	}
	
	{
	/BEGINBITMAPCOLOR { 
		BITMAPGRAY} def
	/BEGINBITMAPCOLORc { 
		BITMAPGRAYc} def
	/BEGINBITMAPTRUECOLOR { 
		BITMAPTRUEGRAY } def
	/BEGINBITMAPTRUECOLORc { 
		BITMAPTRUEGRAYc } def
	}
ifelse
/K { 
	FMPrintAllColorsAsBlack {
		dup 1 eq 2 index 1 eq and 3 index 1 eq and not
			{7 {pop} repeat 0 0 0 1 0 0 0} if
	} if 
	FrameCurColors astore 
	pop combineColor
} bind def
/graymode true def
	/bwidth FMLOCAL
	/bpside FMLOCAL
	/bstring FMLOCAL
	/onbits FMLOCAL
	/offbits FMLOCAL
	/xindex FMLOCAL
	/yindex FMLOCAL
	/x FMLOCAL
	/y FMLOCAL
/setPatternMode {
	FMLevel1 {
		/bwidth  exch def
		/bpside  exch def
		/bstring exch def
		/onbits 0 def  /offbits 0 def
		freq sangle landscape {90 add} if 
			{/y exch def
			 /x exch def
			 /xindex x 1 add 2 div bpside mul cvi def
			 /yindex y 1 add 2 div bpside mul cvi def
			 bstring yindex bwidth mul xindex 8 idiv add get
			 1 7 xindex 8 mod sub bitshift and 0 ne FrameNegative {not} if
			 {/onbits  onbits  1 add def 1}
			 {/offbits offbits 1 add def 0}
			 ifelse
			}
			setscreen
		offbits offbits onbits add div FrameNegative {1.0 exch sub} if
		/FrameCurGray exch def
	} { 
		pop pop
		dup patCache exch known {
			patCache exch get
		} { 
			dup
			patDict /bstring 3 -1 roll put
			patDict 
			9 PatFreq screenIndex get div dup matrix scale
			makepattern
			dup 
			patCache 4 -1 roll 3 -1 roll put
		} ifelse
		/FrameCurGray 0 def
		/FrameCurPat exch def
	} ifelse
	/graymode false def
	combineColor
} bind def
/setGrayScaleMode {
	graymode not {
		/graymode true def
		FMLevel1 {
			setCurrentScreen
		} if
	} if
	/FrameCurGray exch def
	combineColor
} bind def
/normalize {
	transform round exch round exch itransform
	} bind def
/dnormalize {
	dtransform round exch round exch idtransform
	} bind def
/lnormalize { 
	0 dtransform exch cvi 2 idiv 2 mul 1 add exch idtransform pop
	} bind def
/H { 
	lnormalize setlinewidth
	} bind def
/Z {
	setlinecap
	} bind def
	
/PFill {
	graymode FMLevel1 or not {
		gsave 1 setgray eofill grestore
	} if
} bind def
/PStroke {
	graymode FMLevel1 or not {
		gsave 1 setgray stroke grestore
	} if
	stroke
} bind def
	/fillvals FMLOCAL
/X { 
	fillvals exch get
	dup type /stringtype eq
	{8 1 setPatternMode} 
	{setGrayScaleMode}
	ifelse
	} bind def
/V { 
	PFill gsave eofill grestore
	} bind def
/Vclip {
	clip
	} bind def
/Vstrk {
	currentlinewidth exch setlinewidth PStroke setlinewidth
	} bind def
/N { 
	PStroke
	} bind def
/Nclip {
	strokepath clip newpath
	} bind def
/Nstrk {
	currentlinewidth exch setlinewidth PStroke setlinewidth
	} bind def
/M {newpath moveto} bind def
/E {lineto} bind def
/D {curveto} bind def
/O {closepath} bind def
	/n FMLOCAL
/L { 
 	/n exch def
	newpath
	normalize
	moveto 
	2 1 n {pop normalize lineto} for
	} bind def
/Y { 
	L 
	closepath
	} bind def
	/x1 FMLOCAL
	/x2 FMLOCAL
	/y1 FMLOCAL
	/y2 FMLOCAL
/R { 
	/y2 exch def
	/x2 exch def
	/y1 exch def
	/x1 exch def
	x1 y1
	x2 y1
	x2 y2
	x1 y2
	4 Y 
	} bind def
	/rad FMLOCAL
/rarc 
	{rad 
	 arcto
	} bind def
/RR { 
	/rad exch def
	normalize
	/y2 exch def
	/x2 exch def
	normalize
	/y1 exch def
	/x1 exch def
	mark
	newpath
	{
	x1 y1 rad add moveto
	x1 y2 x2 y2 rarc
	x2 y2 x2 y1 rarc
	x2 y1 x1 y1 rarc
	x1 y1 x1 y2 rarc
	closepath
	} stopped {x1 y1 x2 y2 R} if 
	cleartomark
	} bind def
/RRR { 
	/rad exch def
	normalize /y4 exch def /x4 exch def
	normalize /y3 exch def /x3 exch def
	normalize /y2 exch def /x2 exch def
	normalize /y1 exch def /x1 exch def
	newpath
	normalize moveto 
	mark
	{
	x2 y2 x3 y3 rarc
	x3 y3 x4 y4 rarc
	x4 y4 x1 y1 rarc
	x1 y1 x2 y2 rarc
	closepath
	} stopped
	 {x1 y1 x2 y2 x3 y3 x4 y4 newpath moveto lineto lineto lineto closepath} if
	cleartomark
	} bind def
/C { 
	grestore
	gsave
	R 
	clip
	setCurrentScreen
} bind def
/CP { 
	grestore
	gsave
	Y 
	clip
	setCurrentScreen
} bind def
	/FMpointsize FMLOCAL
/F { 
	FMfonts exch get
	FMpointsize scalefont
	setfont
	} bind def
/Q { 
	/FMpointsize exch def
	F 
	} bind def
/T { 
	moveto show
	} bind def
/RF { 
	rotate
	0 ne {-1 1 scale} if
	} bind def
/TF { 
	gsave
	moveto 
	RF
	show
	grestore
	} bind def
/P { 
	moveto
	0 32 3 2 roll widthshow
	} bind def
/PF { 
	gsave
	moveto 
	RF
	0 32 3 2 roll widthshow
	grestore
	} bind def
/S { 
	moveto
	0 exch ashow
	} bind def
/SF { 
	gsave
	moveto
	RF
	0 exch ashow
	grestore
	} bind def
/B { 
	moveto
	0 32 4 2 roll 0 exch awidthshow
	} bind def
/BF { 
	gsave
	moveto
	RF
	0 32 4 2 roll 0 exch awidthshow
	grestore
	} bind def
/G { 
	gsave
	newpath
	normalize translate 0.0 0.0 moveto 
	dnormalize scale 
	0.0 0.0 1.0 5 3 roll arc 
	closepath 
	PFill fill
	grestore
	} bind def
/Gstrk {
	savematrix
    newpath
    2 index 2 div add exch 3 index 2 div sub exch 
    normalize 2 index 2 div sub exch 3 index 2 div add exch 
    translate
    scale 
    0.0 0.0 1.0 5 3 roll arc 
    restorematrix
    currentlinewidth exch setlinewidth PStroke setlinewidth
    } bind def
/Gclip { 
	newpath
	savematrix
	normalize translate 0.0 0.0 moveto 
	dnormalize scale 
	0.0 0.0 1.0 5 3 roll arc 
	closepath 
	clip newpath
	restorematrix
	} bind def
/GG { 
	gsave
	newpath
	normalize translate 0.0 0.0 moveto 
	rotate 
	dnormalize scale 
	0.0 0.0 1.0 5 3 roll arc 
	closepath
	PFill
	fill
	grestore
	} bind def
/GGclip { 
	savematrix
	newpath
    normalize translate 0.0 0.0 moveto 
    rotate 
    dnormalize scale 
    0.0 0.0 1.0 5 3 roll arc 
    closepath
	clip newpath
	restorematrix
	} bind def
/GGstrk { 
	savematrix
    newpath
    normalize translate 0.0 0.0 moveto 
    rotate 
    dnormalize scale 
    0.0 0.0 1.0 5 3 roll arc 
    closepath 
	restorematrix
    currentlinewidth exch setlinewidth PStroke setlinewidth
	} bind def
/A { 
	gsave
	savematrix
	newpath
	2 index 2 div add exch 3 index 2 div sub exch 
	normalize 2 index 2 div sub exch 3 index 2 div add exch 
	translate 
	scale 
	0.0 0.0 1.0 5 3 roll arc 
	restorematrix
	PStroke
	grestore
	} bind def
/Aclip {
	newpath
	savematrix
	normalize translate 0.0 0.0 moveto 
	dnormalize scale 
	0.0 0.0 1.0 5 3 roll arc 
	closepath 
	strokepath clip newpath
	restorematrix
} bind def
/Astrk {
	Gstrk
} bind def
/AA { 
	gsave
	savematrix
	newpath
	
	3 index 2 div add exch 4 index 2 div sub exch 
	
	normalize 3 index 2 div sub exch 4 index 2 div add exch
	translate 
	rotate 
	scale 
	0.0 0.0 1.0 5 3 roll arc 
	restorematrix
	PStroke
	grestore
	} bind def
/AAclip {
	savematrix
	newpath
    normalize translate 0.0 0.0 moveto 
    rotate 
    dnormalize scale 
    0.0 0.0 1.0 5 3 roll arc 
    closepath
	strokepath clip newpath
	restorematrix
} bind def
/AAstrk {
	GGstrk
} bind def
	/x FMLOCAL
	/y FMLOCAL
	/w FMLOCAL
	/h FMLOCAL
	/xx FMLOCAL
	/yy FMLOCAL
	/ww FMLOCAL
	/hh FMLOCAL
	/FMsaveobject FMLOCAL
	/FMoptop FMLOCAL
	/FMdicttop FMLOCAL
/BEGINPRINTCODE { 
	/FMdicttop countdictstack 1 add def 
	/FMoptop count 7 sub def 
	/FMsaveobject save def
	userdict begin 
	/showpage {} def 
	FMNORMALIZEGRAPHICS 
	3 index neg 3 index neg translate
	} bind def
/ENDPRINTCODE {
	count -1 FMoptop {pop pop} for 
	countdictstack -1 FMdicttop {pop end} for 
	FMsaveobject restore 
	} bind def
/gn { 
	0 
	{	46 mul 
		cf read pop 
		32 sub 
		dup 46 lt {exit} if 
		46 sub add 
		} loop
	add 
	} bind def
	/str FMLOCAL
/cfs { 
	/str sl string def 
	0 1 sl 1 sub {str exch val put} for 
	str def 
	} bind def
/ic [ 
	0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0223
	0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0223
	0
	{0 hx} {1 hx} {2 hx} {3 hx} {4 hx} {5 hx} {6 hx} {7 hx} {8 hx} {9 hx}
	{10 hx} {11 hx} {12 hx} {13 hx} {14 hx} {15 hx} {16 hx} {17 hx} {18 hx}
	{19 hx} {gn hx} {0} {1} {2} {3} {4} {5} {6} {7} {8} {9} {10} {11} {12}
	{13} {14} {15} {16} {17} {18} {19} {gn} {0 wh} {1 wh} {2 wh} {3 wh}
	{4 wh} {5 wh} {6 wh} {7 wh} {8 wh} {9 wh} {10 wh} {11 wh} {12 wh}
	{13 wh} {14 wh} {gn wh} {0 bl} {1 bl} {2 bl} {3 bl} {4 bl} {5 bl} {6 bl}
	{7 bl} {8 bl} {9 bl} {10 bl} {11 bl} {12 bl} {13 bl} {14 bl} {gn bl}
	{0 fl} {1 fl} {2 fl} {3 fl} {4 fl} {5 fl} {6 fl} {7 fl} {8 fl} {9 fl}
	{10 fl} {11 fl} {12 fl} {13 fl} {14 fl} {gn fl}
	] def
	/sl FMLOCAL
	/val FMLOCAL
	/ws FMLOCAL
	/im FMLOCAL
	/bs FMLOCAL
	/cs FMLOCAL
	/len FMLOCAL
	/pos FMLOCAL
/ms { 
	/sl exch def 
	/val 255 def 
	/ws cfs 
	/im cfs 
	/val 0 def 
	/bs cfs 
	/cs cfs 
	} bind def
400 ms 
/ip { 
	is 
	0 
	cf cs readline pop 
	{	ic exch get exec 
		add 
		} forall 
	pop 
	
	} bind def
/rip { 
	   
	  
	  bis ris copy pop 
      is
      0
      cf cs readline pop 
      {       ic exch get exec 
              add 
              } forall 
	  pop pop 
	  ris gis copy pop 
	  dup is exch 
	  
      cf cs readline pop 
      {       ic exch get exec 
              add 
              } forall 
	  pop pop
	  gis bis copy pop 
	  dup add is exch 
	  
      cf cs readline pop 
      {       ic exch get exec 
              add 
              } forall 
      pop 
      
      } bind def
/wh { 
	/len exch def 
	/pos exch def 
	ws 0 len getinterval im pos len getinterval copy pop
	pos len 
	} bind def
/bl { 
	/len exch def 
	/pos exch def 
	bs 0 len getinterval im pos len getinterval copy pop
	pos len 
	} bind def
/s1 1 string def
/fl { 
	/len exch def 
	/pos exch def 
	/val cf s1 readhexstring pop 0 get def
	pos 1 pos len add 1 sub {im exch val put} for
	pos len 
	} bind def
/hx { 
	3 copy getinterval 
	cf exch readhexstring pop pop 
	} bind def
	/h FMLOCAL
	/w FMLOCAL
	/d FMLOCAL
	/lb FMLOCAL
	/bitmapsave FMLOCAL
	/is FMLOCAL
	/cf FMLOCAL
/wbytes { 
      dup dup
      24 eq { pop pop 3 mul }
      { 8 eq {pop} {1 eq {7 add 8 idiv} {3 add 4 idiv} ifelse} ifelse } ifelse
	} bind def
/BEGINBITMAPBWc { 
	1 {} COMMONBITMAPc
	} bind def
/BEGINBITMAPGRAYc { 
	8 {} COMMONBITMAPc
	} bind def
/BEGINBITMAP2BITc { 
	2 {} COMMONBITMAPc
	} bind def
/COMMONBITMAPc { 
		 
	/r exch def
	/d exch def
	gsave
	
	3 index 2 div add exch	
	4 index 2 div add exch	
	translate		
	rotate			
	1 index 2 div neg	
	1 index 2 div neg	
	translate		
	scale			
	/h exch def /w exch def
	/lb w d wbytes def 
	sl lb lt {lb ms} if 
	/bitmapsave save def 
	r                    
	/is im 0 lb getinterval def 
	ws 0 lb getinterval is copy pop 
	/cf currentfile def 
	w h d [w 0 0 h neg 0 h] 
	{ip} image 
	bitmapsave restore 
	grestore
	} bind def
/BEGINBITMAPBW { 
	1 {} COMMONBITMAP
	} bind def
/BEGINBITMAPGRAY { 
	8 {} COMMONBITMAP
	} bind def
/BEGINBITMAP2BIT { 
	2 {} COMMONBITMAP
	} bind def
/COMMONBITMAP { 
	/r exch def
	/d exch def
	gsave
	
	3 index 2 div add exch	
	4 index 2 div add exch	
	translate		
	rotate			
	1 index 2 div neg	
	1 index 2 div neg	
	translate		
	scale			
	/h exch def /w exch def
	/bitmapsave save def 
	r                    
	/is w d wbytes string def
	/cf currentfile def 
	w h d [w 0 0 h neg 0 h] 
	{cf is readhexstring pop} image
	bitmapsave restore 
	grestore
	} bind def
/ngrayt 256 array def
/nredt 256 array def
/nbluet 256 array def
/ngreent 256 array def
	/gryt FMLOCAL
	/blut FMLOCAL
	/grnt FMLOCAL
	/redt FMLOCAL
	/indx FMLOCAL
	/cynu FMLOCAL
	/magu FMLOCAL
	/yelu FMLOCAL
	/k FMLOCAL
	/u FMLOCAL
FMLevel1 {
/colorsetup {
	currentcolortransfer
	/gryt exch def
	/blut exch def
	/grnt exch def
	/redt exch def
	0 1 255 {
		/indx exch def
		/cynu 1 red indx get 255 div sub def
		/magu 1 green indx get 255 div sub def
		/yelu 1 blue indx get 255 div sub def
		/k cynu magu min yelu min def
		/u k currentundercolorremoval exec def
%		/u 0 def
		nredt indx 1 0 cynu u sub max sub redt exec put
		ngreent indx 1 0 magu u sub max sub grnt exec put
		nbluet indx 1 0 yelu u sub max sub blut exec put
		ngrayt indx 1 k currentblackgeneration exec sub gryt exec put
	} for
	{255 mul cvi nredt exch get}
	{255 mul cvi ngreent exch get}
	{255 mul cvi nbluet exch get}
	{255 mul cvi ngrayt exch get}
	setcolortransfer
	{pop 0} setundercolorremoval
	{} setblackgeneration
	} bind def
}
{
/colorSetup2 {
	[ /Indexed /DeviceRGB 255 
		{dup red exch get 255 div 
		 exch dup green exch get 255 div 
		 exch blue exch get 255 div}
	] setcolorspace
} bind def
} ifelse
	/tran FMLOCAL
/fakecolorsetup {
	/tran 256 string def
	0 1 255 {/indx exch def 
		tran indx
		red indx get 77 mul
		green indx get 151 mul
		blue indx get 28 mul
		add add 256 idiv put} for
	currenttransfer
	{255 mul cvi tran exch get 255.0 div}
	exch concatprocs settransfer
} bind def
/BITMAPCOLOR { 
	/d 8 def
	gsave
	
	3 index 2 div add exch	
	4 index 2 div add exch	
	translate		
	rotate			
	1 index 2 div neg	
	1 index 2 div neg	
	translate		
	scale			
	/h exch def /w exch def
	/bitmapsave save def
	FMLevel1 {	
		colorsetup
		/is w d wbytes string def
		/cf currentfile def 
		w h d [w 0 0 h neg 0 h] 
		{cf is readhexstring pop} {is} {is} true 3 colorimage 
	} {
		colorSetup2
		/is w d wbytes string def
		/cf currentfile def 
		7 dict dup begin
			/ImageType 1 def
			/Width w def
			/Height h def
			/ImageMatrix [w 0 0 h neg 0 h] def
			/DataSource {cf is readhexstring pop} bind def
			/BitsPerComponent d def
			/Decode [0 255] def
		end image	
	} ifelse
	bitmapsave restore 
	grestore
	} bind def
/BITMAPCOLORc { 
	/d 8 def
	gsave
	
	3 index 2 div add exch	
	4 index 2 div add exch	
	translate		
	rotate			
	1 index 2 div neg	
	1 index 2 div neg	
	translate		
	scale			
	/h exch def /w exch def
	/lb w d wbytes def 
	sl lb lt {lb ms} if 
	/bitmapsave save def 
	FMLevel1 {	
		colorsetup
		/is im 0 lb getinterval def 
		ws 0 lb getinterval is copy pop 
		/cf currentfile def 
		w h d [w 0 0 h neg 0 h] 
		{ip} {is} {is} true 3 colorimage
	} {
		colorSetup2
		/is im 0 lb getinterval def 
		ws 0 lb getinterval is copy pop 
		/cf currentfile def 
		7 dict dup begin
			/ImageType 1 def
			/Width w def
			/Height h def
			/ImageMatrix [w 0 0 h neg 0 h] def
			/DataSource {ip} bind def
			/BitsPerComponent d def
			/Decode [0 255] def
		end image	
	} ifelse
	bitmapsave restore 
	grestore
	} bind def
/BITMAPTRUECOLORc { 
	/d 24 def
        gsave
 	
	3 index 2 div add exch	
	4 index 2 div add exch	
	translate		
	rotate			
	1 index 2 div neg	
	1 index 2 div neg	
	translate		
	scale			
	/h exch def /w exch def
	/lb w d wbytes def 
	sl lb lt {lb ms} if 
        /bitmapsave save def 
        
	/is im 0 lb getinterval def	
	/ris im 0 w getinterval def	
	/gis im w w getinterval def	
	/bis im w 2 mul w getinterval def 
        
        ws 0 lb getinterval is copy pop 
        /cf currentfile def 
        w h 8 [w 0 0 h neg 0 h] 
        {w rip pop ris} {gis} {bis} true 3 colorimage
        bitmapsave restore 
        grestore
        } bind def
/BITMAPTRUECOLOR { 
        gsave
		
		3 index 2 div add exch	
		4 index 2 div add exch	
		translate		
		rotate			
		1 index 2 div neg	
		1 index 2 div neg	
		translate		
		scale			
		/h exch def /w exch def
        /bitmapsave save def 
        /is w string def
        /gis w string def
        /bis w string def
        /cf currentfile def 
        w h 8 [w 0 0 h neg 0 h] 
        { cf is readhexstring pop } 
        { cf gis readhexstring pop } 
        { cf bis readhexstring pop } 
        true 3 colorimage 
        bitmapsave restore 
        grestore
        } bind def
/BITMAPTRUEGRAYc { 
	/d 24 def
        gsave
	
	3 index 2 div add exch	
	4 index 2 div add exch	
	translate		
	rotate			
	1 index 2 div neg	
	1 index 2 div neg	
	translate		
	scale			
	/h exch def /w exch def
	/lb w d wbytes def 
	sl lb lt {lb ms} if 
        /bitmapsave save def 
        
	/is im 0 lb getinterval def	
	/ris im 0 w getinterval def	
	/gis im w w getinterval def	
	/bis im w 2 mul w getinterval def 
        ws 0 lb getinterval is copy pop 
        /cf currentfile def 
        w h 8 [w 0 0 h neg 0 h] 
        {w rip pop ris gis bis w gray} image
        bitmapsave restore 
        grestore
        } bind def
/ww FMLOCAL
/r FMLOCAL
/g FMLOCAL
/b FMLOCAL
/i FMLOCAL
/gray { 
        /ww exch def
        /b exch def
        /g exch def
        /r exch def
        0 1 ww 1 sub { /i exch def r i get .299 mul g i get .587 mul
			b i get .114 mul add add r i 3 -1 roll floor cvi put } for
        r
        } bind def
/BITMAPTRUEGRAY { 
        gsave
		
		3 index 2 div add exch	
		4 index 2 div add exch	
		translate		
		rotate			
		1 index 2 div neg	
		1 index 2 div neg	
		translate		
		scale			
		/h exch def /w exch def
        /bitmapsave save def 
        /is w string def
        /gis w string def
        /bis w string def
        /cf currentfile def 
        w h 8 [w 0 0 h neg 0 h] 
        { cf is readhexstring pop 
          cf gis readhexstring pop 
          cf bis readhexstring pop w gray}  image
        bitmapsave restore 
        grestore
        } bind def
/BITMAPGRAY { 
	8 {fakecolorsetup} COMMONBITMAP
	} bind def
/BITMAPGRAYc { 
	8 {fakecolorsetup} COMMONBITMAPc
	} bind def
/ENDBITMAP {
	} bind def
end 
	/ALDsave FMLOCAL
	/ALDmatrix matrix def ALDmatrix currentmatrix pop
/StartALD {
	/ALDsave save def
	 savematrix
	 ALDmatrix setmatrix
	} bind def
/InALD {
	 restorematrix
	} bind def
/DoneALD {
	 ALDsave restore
	} bind def
/I { setdash } bind def
/J { [] 0 setdash } bind def
(4.0) FMVERSION
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0 0 /Times-Roman FMFONTDEFINE
1 0 /Times-BoldItalic FMFONTDEFINE
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J
0 0 0 1 0 0 0 K
0 0 0 1 0 0 0 K
0 0 0 1 0 0 0 K
81 216 729 684 R
81 216 729 684 R
585 324 630 360 R
3 H
2 Z
0 X
0 0 0 1 0 0 0 K
N
0 12 Q
(C) 603 342 T
108 360 145.5 360 2 L
1 H
N
146.25 442.5 146.25 258.75 2 L
N
146.25 345.75 186.75 345.75 2 L
N
188.25 328.5 233.25 364.5 R
3 H
N
(A) 206.25 346.5 T
234.75 342 396 342 2 L
1 H
N
396 324 441 360 R
3 H
N
(B) 414 342 T
441 342 585 342 2 L
1 H
N
501.75 526.5 546.75 562.5 R
3 H
N
423.75 360 517.5 525 2 L
1 H
N
206.25 373.5 350.92 442.5 18 RR
0.5 H
N
342 441 474.75 504.75 27 RR
N
(2. Send Join/Prune) 215.2 430.5 T
(Multicast address = G) 215.2 406.5 T
(Join = {S}) 215.2 394.5 T
(Prune = NULL) 215.2 382.5 T
112.22 450 324 558 9 RR
N
185.77 438.46 189.08 450 192.38 438.46 189.08 438.46 4 Y
1 X
V
189.08 364.5 189.08 438.46 2 L
3 X
V
1 X
N
0 X
(Create \050S,G\051 entry:) 138.79 504.71 T
(outgoing interface list = {1}) 134.2 487.83 T
(incoming interface = {2}) 134.2 476.09 T
(WC-bit=0, RPT) 134.2 464.35 T
(-bit=0, SPT) 209.87 464.35 T
(-bit=0) 264.88 464.35 T
445.53 308.06 457.5 303.75 445.07 301.07 445.3 304.56 4 Y
3 X
V
180 253.71 43.5 20.25 457.5 324 A
194.14 381.53 206.24 382.51 196.5 375.26 195.32 378.4 4 Y
V
129.52 180 17.17 18 206.25 364.5 A
0 X
(4. Send Join/Prune) 352.5 491.92 T
(Multicast-Address = G) 352.5 468.89 T
(Join = {S}) 352.5 458.6 T
(Prune = NULL) 352.5 448.32 T
274.22 225 450 297 18 RR
N
(3. Create \050S,G\051 entry:) 292.06 288.14 T
(outgoing interface list = {1}) 288 270.82 T
(incoming interface = {2}) 288 259.09 T
(WC-bit=0, RPT) 288 247.37 T
(-bit=0, SPT) 363.67 247.37 T
(-bit=0) 418.68 247.37 T
(1) 179.25 355.5 T
(2) 242.25 355.5 T
(1) 387 351 T
(2) 438 369 T
(3) 450 351 T
(1) 576 344.6 T
1 F
(Designated Router for LAN) 160.46 317.43 T
(LAN) 120 276 T
(Rendezvous Point) 635.25 345.93 T
(\050RP\051 for group G) 635.25 333.93 T
7 X
90 450 22.5 22.5 85.5 364.5 G
3 H
0 X
90 450 22.5 22.5 85.5 364.5 A
0 F
(Host) 72 360 T
(D) 519 543 T
1 F
(Receiver \050R\051) 66.75 329.25 T
519 525.75 603 360 2 L
0.5 H
N
547.5 546.75 593.25 546.75 2 L
N
3 H
90 450 22.88 22.88 617.63 543.38 A
0 F
(Host) 607.5 543 T
1 F
(Source \050S\051) 595.7 506.43 T
0 F
(2) 606.75 367.5 T
1 F
(First Hop Router for S) 483.75 569.43 T
(\050Last Hop Router for R\051) 159.75 304.5 T
419.95 440.22 432 441 422.2 433.96 421.08 437.09 4 Y
3 X
V
1 H
108.05 180 35.25 79.5 432 361.5 A
454.22 234 640.97 315 18 RR
0 X
N
0 F
(6. After receiving packets from D:) 468.75 299.25 T
(Set \050S,G\051\325) 468.75 287.25 T
(s SPT) 516.75 287.25 T
(-bit = 1, and) 543.99 287.25 T
(send Join/Prune message to C:) 468.75 275.25 T
(message to D:) 352.5 479.92 T
(Multicast-Address = G) 483.75 263.25 T
(Join = NULL) 483.75 251.25 T
(Prune = {S,RPT) 483.75 239.25 T
(-bit}) 560.85 239.25 T
(message to B:) 215.2 418.5 T
(1. Receive S\325) 117.69 543.6 T
(s packets on shared RP tree.) 181.35 543.6 T
(Initiate packet count.) 121.25 531.52 T
(If data rate > Threshold then:) 121.25 519.78 T
(1) 531 513 T
(2) 504 513 T
342 522 477 576 18 RR
7 X
V
0.5 H
0 X
N
488.54 545.69 477 549 488.54 552.31 488.54 549 4 Y
1 X
V
504 549 488.54 549 2 L
N
0 X
(5. Add interface {2}) 350.99 557.6 T
(to the outgoing interface) 350.99 545.6 T
(list of \050S,G\051 entry) 350.99 533.6 T
576 405 711 459 27 RR
1 X
N
0 X
(7. Create \050S,G\051 entry:) 594 441 T
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(RPT) 594 417 T
(-bit = 1) 614.9 417 T
617.69 393.46 621 405 624.31 393.46 621 393.46 4 Y
1 X
V
621 360 621 393.46 2 L
N
0 X
(S-T) 288 235.37 T
(imer: Started) 305.58 235.37 T
412.52 308.54 409.22 297 405.91 308.54 409.22 308.54 4 Y
1 X
V
409.22 324 409.22 308.54 2 L
N
0 X
(S-T) 135.34 452.6 T
(imer: Started) 152.92 452.6 T
FMENDPAGE
%%EndDocument
 @endspecial 579 1884 a(Figure)30 b(3:)41 b(Example:)f(Switc)m(hing)29
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2444 y Fk(A)i(router)f(with)f(directly-connected)h(mem)m(b)s(ers)f
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2670 y(The)f(recommended)f(p)s(olicy)f(is)h(to)i(initiate)d(the)i
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3245 y(a)34 b(new)f(DR)g(is)f(c)m(hosen)i(b)m(y)f(scanning)f(all)g
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(new)g(DR)g(to)h(b)s(e)f(the)g(one)-125 3358 y(with)h(the)h(highest)f
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-125 3470 y(out)d(all)e(PIM)i(neigh)m(b)s(ors)e(asso)s(ciated)h(with)f
(the)i(in)m(terface.)-125 3714 y Fe(3.2)113 b(Join/Prune)-125
3886 y Fk(Join/Prune)33 b(messages)i(are)g(sen)m(t)g(to)g(join)e(or)h
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b(list)f(con)m(tains)g(a)h(set)g(of)-125 4111 y(source)26
b(addresses,)g(indicating)d(the)j(source-sp)s(eci\014c)e(trees)i(or)g
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(prune.)-125 4351 y Fn(3.2.1)106 b(Sending)35 b(Join/Prune)h(Messages)
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(or,)j(N,)e(in-)-125 4636 y(cludes)31 b(all)f(of)i(the)g(curren)m(t)f
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4862 y(the)j(next)f(hop)g(router)g(to)m(w)m(ards)g(S)g(or)g(RP)-8
b(.)33 b(Join/Prune)d(messages)j(are)f(sen)m(t)h(ev)m(ery)g
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b(the)g(future)f(w)m(e)h(will)d(in)m(tro)s(duce)i(mec)m(hanisms)g(to)i
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(e)h(o)m(v)m(erhead)f(on)g(small)d(links.)42 b(In)31
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-125 5201 y(messages)h(to)f(b)s(e)f(sen)m(t.)p eop
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13 13 bop -125 -149 a Fh(draft-ietf-idmr-PIM-SM-sp)s(ec-10.ps)2673
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488 y(RPF)c(neigh)m(b)s(or)e(is)g(constructed)i(as)g(follo)m(ws:)-13
701 y(1.)46 b(Eac)m(h)36 b(router)g(determines)f(the)h(RP)g(for)f(a)h
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(p)s(erio)s(dic)d(Join/Prune)h(message)103 927 y(under)f(the)h(follo)m
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(message)i(is)e(b)s(eing)g(sen)m(t)h(to)h(the)f(RPF)h(neigh)m(b)s(or)d
(to)m(w)m(ard)j(the)g(RP)e(for)h(an)g(activ)m(e)i(\(*,G\))303
1227 y(or)h(\(*,*,RP\))i(en)m(try)-8 b(,)32 b(and)136
1373 y(\(b\))46 b(The)34 b(outgoing)h(in)m(terface)h(list)d(in)h(the)h
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(router)g(is)f(the)303 1486 y(DR)c(on)h(the)f(same)h(in)m(terface)g(as)
g(the)f(RPF)h(neigh)m(b)s(or.)-13 1674 y(2.)46 b(A)27
b(particular)f(source)h(address,)h(S,)f(is)f(included)f(in)h(the)h
(join)g(list)f(with)g(the)h(RPT)g(and)g(W)m(C)g(bits)g(cleared)g(under)
103 1787 y(the)j(follo)m(wing)f(conditions:)141 1974
y(\(a\))47 b(The)30 b(Join/Prune)e(message)k(is)d(b)s(eing)g(sen)m(t)i
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2120 y(\(b\))46 b(There)30 b(exists)g(an)g(activ)m(e)i(\(S,G\))f(en)m
(try)f(with)f(the)i(RPT-bit)e(\015ag)i(cleared,)f(and)146
2267 y(\(c\))47 b(The)30 b Ff(oif)49 b Fk(list)29 b(in)g(the)i(\(S,G\))
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b(particular)f(source)i(address,)h(S,)e(is)g(included)e(in)h(the)i
(prune)e(list)h(with)f(the)i(RPT)f(and)g(W)m(C)h(bits)e(cleared)103
2567 y(under)29 b(the)h(follo)m(wing)f(conditions:)141
2755 y(\(a\))47 b(The)30 b(Join/Prune)e(message)k(is)d(b)s(eing)g(sen)m
(t)i(to)g(the)g(RPF)f(neigh)m(b)s(or)f(to)m(w)m(ard)i(S,)f(and)136
2901 y(\(b\))46 b(There)30 b(exists)g(an)g(activ)m(e)i(\(S,G\))f(en)m
(try)f(with)f(the)i(RPT-bit)e(\015ag)i(cleared,)f(and)146
3047 y(\(c\))47 b(The)30 b Ff(oif)49 b Fk(list)29 b(in)g(the)i(\(S,G\))
g(en)m(try)g(is)e(n)m(ull.)-13 3235 y(4.)46 b(A)32 b(particular)e
(source)j(address,)f(S,)f(is)h(included)d(in)i(the)h(prune)f(list)g
(with)f(the)j(RPT-bit)e Ff(set)h Fk(and)f(the)i(W)m(C)f(bit)103
3347 y(cleared)e(under)f(the)h(follo)m(wing)f(conditions:)141
3535 y(\(a\))47 b(The)29 b(Join/Prune)e(message)j(is)f(b)s(eing)f(sen)m
(t)h(to)h(the)g(RPF)f(neigh)m(b)s(or)f(to)m(w)m(ard)i(the)g(RP)f(and)g
(there)g(exists)g(a)303 3648 y(\(S,G\))i(en)m(try)f(with)g(the)g
(RPT-bit)f(\015ag)i(set)g(and)f(n)m(ull)e Ff(oif)50 b
Fk(list,)29 b(or)136 3794 y(\(b\))46 b(The)39 b(Join/Prune)f(message)j
(is)e(b)s(eing)f(sen)m(t)j(to)f(the)g(RPF)g(neigh)m(b)s(or)f(to)m(w)m
(ard)h(the)g(RP)-8 b(,)41 b(there)f(exists)f(a)303 3907
y(\(S,G\))28 b(en)m(try)g(with)e(the)h(RPT-bit)g(\015ag)g(cleared)h
(and)f(SPT-bit)e(set,)k(and)e(the)h(incoming)d(in)m(terface)j(to)m(w)m
(ard)303 4020 y(S)i(is)f(di\013eren)m(t)h(than)g(the)g(incoming)f(in)m
(terface)i(to)m(w)m(ard)h(the)e(RP)-8 b(,)31 b(or)146
4166 y(\(c\))47 b(The)27 b(Join/Prune)g(message)i(is)e(b)s(eing)g(sen)m
(t)i(to)g(the)f(RPF)g(neigh)m(b)s(or)f(to)m(w)m(ard)i(the)g(RP)-8
b(,)28 b(and)g(there)g(exists)g(a)303 4279 y(\(*,G\))k(en)m(try)e(and)g
(\(S,G\))h(en)m(try)g(for)f(a)h(directly)e(connected)i(source.)-13
4467 y(5.)46 b(The)30 b(RP)g(address)f(\(with)h(RPT)f(and)h(W)m(C)h
(bits)e(set\))j(is)d(included)f(in)h(the)h(prune)f(list)g(if:)141
4679 y(\(a\))47 b(The)29 b(Join/Prune)e(message)j(is)f(b)s(eing)f(sen)m
(t)h(to)h(the)g(RPF)f(neigh)m(b)s(or)f(to)m(w)m(ard)i(the)g(RP)f(and)g
(there)g(exists)g(a)303 4792 y(\(*,G\))j(en)m(try)e(with)f(a)i(n)m(ull)
e Ff(oif)49 b Fk(list)29 b(\(see)j(Section)e(3.5.2\).)-125
5032 y Fn(3.2.1.2)106 b(T)-9 b(riggered)44 b(Join/Prune)g(Messages)92
b Fk(In)36 b(addition)g(to)i(p)s(erio)s(dic)c(messages,)41
b(the)c(follo)m(wing)f(ev)m(en)m(ts)-125 5145 y(will)29
b(trigger)j(Join/Prune)e(messages)i(if)f(as)h(a)g(result,)f(a\))h(a)g
(new)f(en)m(try)h(is)f(created,)i(or)f(b\))f(the)h(oif)f(list)f(c)m
(hanges)j(from)-125 5258 y(n)m(ull)j(to)i(non-n)m(ull)d(or)i(non-n)m
(ull)e(to)k(n)m(ull.)59 b(The)37 b(con)m(ten)m(ts)i(of)f(triggered)f
(messages)h(are)g(the)g(same)g(as)f(the)h(p)s(erio)s(dic,)-125
5371 y(describ)s(ed)29 b(ab)s(o)m(v)m(e.)p eop
%%Page: 14 15
14 14 bop -125 -149 a Fh(draft-ietf-idmr-PIM-SM-sp)s(ec-10.ps)2673
b Fk(14)-13 149 y(1.)46 b(Receipt)28 b(of)h(an)f(indication)f(from)h
(IGMP)h(that)g(the)f(state)i(of)f(directly-connected-)g(mem)m(b)s
(ership)d(has)i(c)m(hanged)103 262 y(\(i.e.,)j(new)e(mem)m(b)s(ers)g
(ha)m(v)m(e)j(just)d(joined)g(`mem)m(b)s(ership)f(indication')g(or)i
(all)f(mem)m(b)s(ers)g(ha)m(v)m(e)i(left\),)g(for)f(a)g(group)103
375 y(G,)44 b(ma)m(y)f(cause)h(the)g(last-hop)f(router)g(to)h(build)c
(or)j(mo)s(dify)f(corresp)s(onding)f(\(*,G\))k(state.)81
b(When)43 b(IGMP)103 488 y(indicates)31 b(that)h(there)h(are)f(no)g
(longer)g(directly)f(connected)h(mem)m(b)s(ers,)g(the)h(oif)e(is)g
(remo)m(v)m(ed)i(from)f(the)g(oif)g(list)103 601 y(if)g(the)h
(oif-timer)f(is)g(not)h(running.)45 b(A)33 b(Join/Prune)e(message)j(is)
e(triggered)h(if)f(and)g(only)g(if)g(a\))i(a)f(new)f(en)m(try)h(is)103
714 y(created,)e(or)g(b\))f(the)h(oif)e(list)g(c)m(hanges)j(from)e(n)m
(ull)e(to)j(non-n)m(ull)d(or)i(non-n)m(ull)e(to)k(n)m(ull,)c(as)j
(follo)m(ws)e(:)141 902 y(\(a\))47 b(If)39 b(the)i(receiving)e(router)h
(do)s(es)g(not)g(ha)m(v)m(e)h(a)g(route)f(en)m(try)g(for)g(G)h(the)f
(router)g(creates)h(a)g(\(*,G\))g(en)m(try)-8 b(,)303
1015 y(copies)23 b(the)h(oif)f(list)f(from)i(the)f(corresp)s(onding)f
(\(*,*,RP\))j(en)m(try)f(\(if)f(it)g(exists\),)j(and)d(includes)e(the)j
(in)m(terface)303 1127 y(included)19 b(in)i(the)i(IGMP)g(mem)m(b)s
(ership)c(indication)i(in)g(the)h(oif)g(list;)i(as)f(alw)m(a)m(ys,)h
(the)f(router)f(nev)m(er)h(includes)303 1240 y(the)29
b(en)m(try's)f(iif)f(in)g(the)i(oif)f(list.)39 b(The)28
b(router)g(sends)g(a)h(Join/Prune)e(message)j(to)m(w)m(ards)f(the)g(RP)
f(with)f(the)303 1353 y(RP)j(address)f(and)h(RPT-bit)f(and)h(W)m
(C-bits)g(set)h(in)e(the)i(join)e(list.)39 b(Or,)136
1499 y(\(b\))46 b(If)20 b(a)g(\(S,G\)RPT-bit)g(or)g(\(*,G\))i(en)m(try)
f(already)f(exists,)i(the)e(in)m(terface)h(included)d(in)h(the)h(IGMP)h
(mem)m(b)s(ership)303 1612 y(indication)28 b(is)h(added)h(to)h(the)g
(oif)f(list)f(\(if)g(it)h(w)m(as)h(not)g(included)c(already\).)-13
1800 y(2.)46 b(Receipt)c(of)f(a)h(Join/Prune)e(message)j(for)e
(\(S,G\),)i(\(*,G\))g(or)f(\(*,*,RP\))h(will)c(cause)k(building)37
b(or)42 b(mo)s(difying)103 1913 y(corresp)s(onding)29
b(state,)k(and)e(subsequen)m(t)f(triggering)h(of)g(upstream)g
(Join/Prune)f(messages,)i(in)e(the)i(follo)m(wing)103
2026 y(cases:)141 2213 y(\(a\))47 b(When)32 b(there)g(is)g(no)g(curren)
m(t)g(route)g(en)m(try)-8 b(,)34 b(the)e(RP)g(address)g(included)d(in)i
(the)i(Join/Prune)d(message)j(is)303 2326 y(c)m(hec)m(k)m(ed)g(against)
e(the)g(lo)s(cal)g(RP-Set)g(information.)41 b(If)30 b(it)h(matc)m(hes,)
i(an)e(en)m(try)g(will)d(b)s(e)j(created)h(and)e(the)303
2439 y(new)h(en)m(try)h(will)e(in)g(turn)h(trigger)h(an)g(upstream)f
(Join/Prune)g(message.)46 b(If)32 b(the)g(router)g(has)f(no)h(RP-Set)
303 2552 y(information)39 b(it)i(ma)m(y)h(discard)e(the)h(message,)46
b(or)41 b(optionally)f(use)h(the)g(RP)g(address)g(included)d(in)i(the)
303 2665 y(message.)136 2811 y(\(b\))46 b(When)20 b(the)g(outgoing)h
(in)m(terface)g(list)e(of)h(an)g(\(S,G\)RPT-bit)g(en)m(try)h(b)s
(ecomes)f(n)m(ull,)h(the)f(triggered)g(Join/Prune)303
2924 y(message)31 b(will)d(con)m(tain)j(S)e(in)h(the)g(prune)f(list.)
146 3070 y(\(c\))47 b(When)42 b(there)h(exists)f(a)h(\(S,G\)RPT-bit)f
(with)f(n)m(ull)f(oif)i(list,)j(and)d(an)g(\(*,G\))i(Join/Prune)d
(message)i(is)303 3183 y(receiv)m(ed,)i(the)d(arriving)e(in)m(terface)j
(is)d(added)i(to)g(the)g(oif)g(list)e(and)h(a)i(\(*,G\))g(Join/Prune)d
(message)j(is)303 3296 y(triggered)30 b(upstream.)136
3442 y(\(d\))46 b(When)34 b(there)h(exists)f(a)g(\(*,G\))j(with)c(n)m
(ull)f(oif)i(list,)g(and)g(a)h(\(*,*,RP\))h(Join/Prune)d(message)i(is)f
(receiv)m(ed,)303 3555 y(the)c(receiving)f(in)m(terface)i(is)e(added)h
(to)h(the)f(oif)g(list)e(and)i(a)h(\(*,*,RP\))h(Join/Prune)c(message)j
(is)e(triggered)303 3668 y(upstream.)-13 3856 y(3.)46
b(Receipt)32 b(of)g(a)g(pac)m(k)m(et)i(that)f(matc)m(hes)g(on)f(a)g
(\(S,G\))h(en)m(try)f(whose)g(SPT-bit)e(is)h(cleared)h(triggers)g(the)g
(follo)m(wing)103 3968 y(if)e(the)i(pac)m(k)m(et)h(arriv)m(ed)e(on)g
(the)h(correct)g(incoming)e(in)m(terface)i(and)f(there)h(is)e(a)i
(\(*,G\))h(or)f(\(*,*,RP\))h(en)m(try)f(with)103 4081
y(a)d(di\013eren)m(t)g(incoming)f(in)m(terface:)40 b(a\))30
b(the)g(router)f(sets)h(the)f(SPT-bit)f(on)h(the)g(\(S,G\))h(en)m(try)
-8 b(,)30 b(and)f(b\))g(the)h(router)103 4194 y(sends)f(a)i(Join/Prune)
e(message)i(to)m(w)m(ards)g(the)g(RP)f(with)f(S)h(in)f(the)h(prune)f
(list)g(and)h(the)g(RPT-bit)g(set.)-13 4382 y(4.)46 b(Receipt)37
b(of)g(a)g(pac)m(k)m(et)i(at)e(the)g(DR)g(from)g(a)g(directly)e
(connected)j(source)f(S,)f(on)h(the)g(subnet)f(con)m(taining)g(the)103
4495 y(address)27 b(S,)h(triggers)g(a)g(Join/Prune)e(message)k(to)m(w)m
(ards)e(the)h(RP)e(with)g(S)h(in)e(the)j(prune)d(list)h(and)g(the)i
(RPT-bit)103 4608 y(set)h(under)d(the)j(follo)m(wing)e(conditions:)39
b(a\))30 b(there)f(is)g(no)g(matc)m(hing)g(\(S,G\))h(state,)i(and)c
(b\))h(there)h(exists)f(a)h(\(*,G\))103 4721 y(or)g(\(*,*,RP\))i(for)e
(whic)m(h)g(the)g(DR)h(is)e(not)i(the)f(RP)-8 b(.)-13
4908 y(5.)46 b(When)32 b(a)h(Join/Prune)e(message)j(is)e(receiv)m(ed)h
(for)f(a)h(group)f(G,)i(the)f(prune)e(list)g(is)h(c)m(hec)m(k)m(ed.)49
b(If)33 b(the)g(prune)e(list)103 5021 y(con)m(tains)i(a)g(source)g(or)g
(RP)f(for)h(whic)m(h)e(the)i(receiving)f(router)h(has)f(a)h(corresp)s
(onding)e(activ)m(e)j(\(S,G\),)g(\(*,G\))g(or)103 5134
y(\(*,*,RP\))e(en)m(try)-8 b(,)31 b(and)f(whose)g Ff(iif)50
b Fk(is)29 b(that)i(on)g(whic)m(h)e(the)h(Join/Prune)f(w)m(as)i(receiv)
m(ed,)g(then)f(a)h(join)e(for)h(\(S,G\),)103 5247 y(\(*,G\))j(or)f
(\(*,*,RP\))i(is)c(triggered)i(to)h(o)m(v)m(erride)e(the)h(prune,)f
(resp)s(ectiv)m(ely)-8 b(.)45 b(\(This)30 b(is)h(necessary)h(in)e(the)i
(case)h(of)103 5360 y(parallel)28 b(do)m(wnstream)j(routers)f
(connected)h(to)g(a)g(m)m(ulti-access)f(net)m(w)m(ork.\))p
eop
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15 15 bop -125 -149 a Fh(draft-ietf-idmr-PIM-SM-sp)s(ec-10.ps)2673
b Fk(15)-13 149 y(6.)46 b(When)35 b(the)h(RP)f(fails,)h(the)f(RP)h
(will)c(not)k(b)s(e)f(included)e(in)h(the)i(Bo)s(otstrap)g(messages)h
(sen)m(t)f(to)g(all)e(routers)i(in)103 262 y(that)26
b(domain.)38 b(This)23 b(triggers)j(the)f(DRs)h(to)g(send)f(\(*,G\))i
(Join/Prune)d(messages)i(to)m(w)m(ards)g(the)g(new)f(RP)g(for)g(the)103
375 y(group,)34 b(as)h(determined)d(b)m(y)i(the)h(RP-Set)f(and)g(the)g
(hash)f(function.)51 b(As)34 b(describ)s(ed)e(earlier,)i(PMBRs)g
(trigger)103 488 y(\(*,*,RP\))e(joins)d(to)m(w)m(ards)i(eac)m(h)h(RP)e
(in)f(the)i(RP-Set.)-13 672 y(7.)46 b(When)22 b(an)g(en)m(try's)g
(Join/Prune-Suppression)c(timer)j(expires,)i(a)g(Join/Prune)d(message)k
(is)d(triggered)h(upstream)103 785 y(corresp)s(onding)33
b(to)j(that)g(en)m(try)-8 b(,)37 b(ev)m(en)f(if)e(the)i(outgoing)f(in)m
(terface)h(has)f(not)g(transitioned)f(b)s(et)m(w)m(een)i(n)m(ull)d(and)
103 898 y(non-n)m(ull)28 b(states.)-13 1081 y(8.)46 b(When)20
b(the)g(RPF)h(neigh)m(b)s(or)e(c)m(hanges)i(\(whether)f(due)g(to)h(an)f
(Assert)h(or)f(c)m(hanges)h(in)e(unicast)h(routing\),)i(the)f(router)
103 1194 y(sets)32 b(a)g(random)f(dela)m(y)h(timer)g(\(the)g
(Random-Dela)m(y-Join-Timer\))f(whose)h(expiration)f(triggers)h
(sending)e(of)i(a)103 1307 y(Join/Prune)20 b(message)j(for)f(the)g
(asserted)h(route)f(en)m(try)g(to)h(the)f(Assert)h(winner)d(\(if)h(the)
h(Join/Prune)f(Suppression)103 1420 y(timer)29 b(has)i(expired.\))-125
1597 y(W)-8 b(e)34 b(do)d(not)h(trigger)g(prunes)f(on)m(to)i(in)m
(terfaces)f(based)f(on)h(data)h(pac)m(k)m(ets.)47 b(Data)33
b(pac)m(k)m(ets)h(that)e(arriv)m(e)g(on)g(the)g(wrong)-125
1710 y(incoming)h(in)m(terface)h(are)g(silen)m(tly)e(dropp)s(ed.)49
b(Ho)m(w)m(ev)m(er,)37 b(on)d(p)s(oin)m(t-to-p)s(oin)m(t)f(in)m
(terfaces)h(triggered)g(prunes)e(ma)m(y)i(b)s(e)-125
1823 y(sen)m(t)d(as)g(an)f(optimization.)-125 2061 y
Fn(3.2.1.3)106 b(F)-9 b(ragmen)m(tation)90 b Fk(It)33
b(is)e(p)s(ossible)f(that)j(a)g(Join/Prune)d(message)k(constructed)f
(according)f(to)h(the)g(pre-)-125 2174 y(ceding)45 b(rules)e(could)h
(exceed)i(the)f(MTU)g(of)g(a)h(net)m(w)m(ork.)85 b(In)44
b(this)g(case,)49 b(the)d(message)g(can)f(undergo)f(seman)m(tic)-125
2287 y(fragmen)m(tation)34 b(whereb)m(y)e(information)f(corresp)s
(onding)g(to)j(di\013eren)m(t)e(groups)g(can)h(b)s(e)f(sen)m(t)h(in)f
(di\013eren)m(t)g(messages.)-125 2400 y(Ho)m(w)m(ev)m(er,)27
b(if)22 b(a)h(Join/Prune)f(message)i(m)m(ust)e(b)s(e)h(fragmen)m(ted)g
(the)g(complete)h(prune)d(list)h(corresp)s(onding)f(to)i(a)h(group)e(G)
-125 2513 y(m)m(ust)28 b(b)s(e)f(included)e(in)i(the)h(same)g
(Join/Prune)e(message)j(as)f(the)g(asso)s(ciated)g(RP-tree)h(Join)d
(for)i(G.)g(If)g(suc)m(h)f(seman)m(tic)-125 2626 y(fragmen)m(tation)32
b(is)d(not)i(p)s(ossible,)d(IP)i(fragmen)m(tation)h(should)d(b)s(e)i
(used)g(b)s(et)m(w)m(een)h(the)f(t)m(w)m(o)i(neigh)m(b)s(oring)c(hops.)
-125 2864 y Fn(3.2.2)106 b(Receiving)36 b(Join/Prune)g(Messages)-125
3036 y Fk(When)31 b(a)f(router)h(receiv)m(es)g(a)f(Join/Prune)f
(message,)j(it)e(pro)s(cesses)g(it)g(as)g(follo)m(ws.)17
3149 y(The)i(receiv)m(er)g(of)h(the)g(Join/Prune)d(notes)j(the)g(in)m
(terface)g(on)f(whic)m(h)f(the)i(PIM)f(message)h(arriv)m(ed,)g(call)f
(it)f(I.)i(The)-125 3261 y(receiv)m(er)j(then)f(c)m(hec)m(ks)i(to)f
(see)g(if)e(the)i(Join/Prune)d(message)j(w)m(as)g(addressed)e(to)i(the)
g(receiving)e(router)i(itself)e(\(i.e.,)-125 3374 y(the)28
b(router's)g(address)f(app)s(ears)f(in)h(the)g(Unicast)h(Upstream)g
(Neigh)m(b)s(or)e(Router)i(\014eld)e(of)i(the)g(Join/Prune)e
(message\).)-125 3487 y(\(If)33 b(the)f(router)g(is)g(connected)h(to)g
(a)g(m)m(ultiaccess)f(LAN,)h(the)f(message)i(could)d(b)s(e)h(in)m
(tended)f(for)h(a)h(di\013eren)m(t)f(router.\))-125 3600
y(If)e(the)h(Join/Prune)e(is)g(for)h(this)f(router)i(the)f(follo)m
(wing)f(actions)i(are)f(tak)m(en.)17 3713 y(F)-8 b(or)29
b(eac)m(h)h(group)f(address)f(G,)h(in)f(the)h(Join/Prune)e(message,)k
(the)e(asso)s(ciated)g(join)f(list)g(is)f(pro)s(cessed)i(as)g(follo)m
(ws.)-125 3826 y(W)-8 b(e)35 b(refer)e(to)h(eac)m(h)g(address)f(in)f
(the)h(join)f(list)g(as)i(Sj;)g(Sj)f(refers)f(to)i(the)g(RP)f(if)f(the)
i(RPT-bit)e(and)g(W)m(C-bit)h(are)h(b)s(oth)-125 3939
y(set.)42 b(F)-8 b(or)31 b(eac)m(h)g(Sj)f(in)f(the)i(join)e(list)g(of)h
(the)h(Join/Prune)e(message:)-13 4116 y(1.)46 b(If)29
b(an)h(address,)f(Sj,)h(in)e(the)j(join)d(list)h(of)h(the)g(Join/Prune)
e(message)j(has)f(the)g(RPT-bit)f(and)g(W)m(C-bit)h(set,)h(then)103
4229 y(Sj)e(is)h(the)g(RP)g(address)g(used)f(b)m(y)i(the)f(do)m
(wnstream)h(router\(s\))f(and)g(the)h(follo)m(wing)e(actions)h(are)h
(tak)m(en:)141 4413 y(\(a\))47 b(If)36 b(Sj)h(is)f(not)h(the)h(same)f
(as)h(the)f(receiving)f(router's)h(RP)g(mapping)f(for)h(G,)g(the)g
(receiving)g(router)g(ma)m(y)303 4526 y(ignore)32 b(the)g(Join/Prune)f
(message)j(with)d(resp)s(ect)h(to)h(that)g(group)f(en)m(try)-8
b(.)48 b(If)32 b(the)g(router)g(do)s(es)h(not)f(ha)m(v)m(e)303
4639 y(an)m(y)d(RP-Set)g(information,)f(it)g Ff(may)i
Fk(use)f(the)g(address)f(Sj)g(included)e(in)i(the)h(Join/Prune)e
(message)j(as)f(the)303 4752 y(RP)h(for)g(the)h(group.)136
4894 y(\(b\))46 b(If)26 b(Sj)g(is)g(the)g(same)i(as)f(the)f(receiving)g
(router's)h(RP)f(mapping)f(for)i(G,)g(the)g(receiving)f(router)g(adds)g
(I)h(to)g(the)303 5006 y(outgoing)35 b(in)m(terface)g(list)e(of)i(the)g
(\(*,G\))h(route)f(en)m(try)g(\(if)f(there)h(is)e(no)i(\(*,G\))h(en)m
(try)-8 b(,)37 b(the)d(router)h(creates)303 5119 y(one)28
b(\014rst\))g(and)f(sets)h(the)h(Oif-timer)d(for)i(that)g(in)m(terface)
h(to)g(the)f(Holdtime)f(sp)s(eci\014ed)f(in)h(the)h(Join/Prune)303
5232 y(message.)57 b(In)34 b(addition,)h(the)h(Oif-Deletion-Dela)m(y)g
(for)f(that)h(in)m(terface)g(is)e(set)i(to)g(1/3rd)g(the)f(Holdtime)303
5345 y(sp)s(eci\014ed)26 b(in)i(the)g(Join/Prune)f(message.)41
b(If)28 b(a)h(\(*,*,RP\))h(en)m(try)f(exists,)g(for)f(the)h(RP)f(asso)s
(ciated)h(with)e(G,)303 5458 y(then)j(the)g(oif)g(list)f(of)i(the)f
(newly)f(created)j(\(*,G\))g(en)m(try)f(is)e(copied)h(from)g(that)h
(\(*,*,RP\))h(en)m(try)-8 b(.)p eop
%%Page: 16 17
16 16 bop -125 -149 a Fh(draft-ietf-idmr-PIM-SM-sp)s(ec-10.ps)2673
b Fk(16)146 149 y(\(c\))47 b(F)-8 b(or)30 b(eac)m(h)h(\(Si,G\))e(en)m
(try)h(asso)s(ciated)g(with)e(group)h(G:)h(i\))f(if)f(Si)h(is)f(not)i
(included)d(in)h(the)h(prune)f(list,)h(ii\))f(if)h(I)303
262 y(is)e(not)i(on)f(the)g(same)h(subnet)e(as)i(the)g(address)e(Si,)h
(and)f(iii\))g(if)g(I)h(is)f(not)i(the)g(iif,)e(then)h(in)m(terface)h
(I)f(is)f(added)303 375 y(to)36 b(the)g Ff(oif)56 b Fk(list)34
b(and)i(the)g(Oif-timer)e(for)i(that)g(in)m(terface)g(in)f(eac)m(h)i
(a\013ected)g(en)m(try)g(is)e(increased)g(\(nev)m(er)303
488 y(decreased\))c(to)h(the)f(Holdtime)f(included)e(in)h(the)i
(Join/Prune)e(message.)43 b(In)30 b(addition,)f(if)h(the)h(Oif-timer)
303 601 y(for)40 b(that)g(in)m(terface)h(is)e(increased,)j(the)e
(Oif-Deletion-Dela)m(y)h(for)f(that)g(in)m(terface)h(is)e(set)i(to)g
(1/3rd)f(the)303 714 y(Holdtime)29 b(sp)s(eci\014ed)g(in)g(the)h
(Join/Prune)f(message.)303 844 y(If)e(the)h(group)g(address)f(in)g(the)
h(Join/Prune)e(message)j(is)e(`*')i(then)f(ev)m(ery)g(\(*,G\))i(and)d
(\(S,G\))i(en)m(try)-8 b(,)30 b(whose)303 956 y(group)38
b(address)g(hashes)g(to)i(the)f(RP)g(indicated)e(in)h(the)h(\(*,*,RP\))
h(Join/Prune)d(message,)43 b(is)38 b(up)s(dated)303 1069
y(accordingly)-8 b(.)73 b(A)42 b(`*')g(in)f(the)g(group)g(\014eld)f(of)
i(the)f(Join/Prune)f(is)h(represen)m(ted)g(b)m(y)g(a)h(group)f(address)
303 1182 y(224.0.0.0)34 b(and)29 b(a)i(group)f(mask)g(length)g(of)h(4,)
g(indicating)d(a)j(\(*,*,RP\))h(Join.)136 1328 y(\(d\))46
b(If)33 b(the)h(\(Si,G\))g(en)m(try)h(has)e(its)h(RPT-bit)f(\015ag)h
(set)g(to)h(1,)h(and)d(its)g Ff(oif)54 b Fk(list)33 b(is)g(the)h(same)g
(as)g(the)h(\(*,G\))g Ff(oif)303 1441 y Fk(list,)29 b(then)h(the)h
(\(Si,G\)RPT-bit)e(en)m(try)h(is)g(deleted,)146 1587
y(\(e\))47 b(The)34 b(incoming)g(in)m(terface)h(is)f(set)i(to)f(the)h
(in)m(terface)f(used)f(to)i(send)e(unicast)g(pac)m(k)m(ets)j(to)f(the)f
(RP)g(in)e(the)303 1700 y(\(*,G\))f(route)e(en)m(try)-8
b(,)32 b(i.e.,)e(RPF)h(in)m(terface)g(to)m(w)m(ard)g(the)g(RP)-8
b(.)-13 1888 y(2.)46 b(F)-8 b(or)30 b(eac)m(h)g(address,)f(Sj,)g(in)f
(the)i(join)e(list)g(whose)h(RPT-bit)g(and)f(W)m(C-bit)i(are)f
Ff(not)h Fk(set,)h(and)e(for)g(whic)m(h)f(there)h(is)103
2001 y(no)e(existing)g(\(Sj,G\))h(route)g(en)m(try)-8
b(,)30 b(the)e(router)f(initiates)g(one.)40 b(The)27
b(router)h(creates)h(a)f(\(S,G\))g(en)m(try)g(and)g(copies)103
2114 y(all)j(outgoing)i(in)m(terfaces)f(from)g(the)g(\(S,G\)RPT-bit)g
(en)m(try)-8 b(,)34 b(if)d(it)h(exists.)46 b(If)32 b(there)g(is)g(no)g
(\(S,G\))h(en)m(try)-8 b(,)34 b(the)e(oif)103 2227 y(list)k(is)g
(copied)h(from)g(the)h(\(*,G\))h(en)m(try;)j(and)37 b(if)f(there)i(is)e
(no)i(\(*,G\))h(en)m(try)-8 b(,)40 b(the)e(oif)f(list)f(is)g(copied)h
(from)g(the)103 2340 y(\(*,*,RP\))f(en)m(try)-8 b(,)37
b(if)d(it)g(exists.)53 b(In)34 b(all)g(cases,)j(the)d(iif)f(of)i(the)g
(\(S,G\))g(en)m(try)g(is)f(alw)m(a)m(ys)h(excluded)f(from)g(the)h(oif)
103 2452 y(list.)141 2640 y(\(a\))47 b(The)36 b(outgoing)h(in)m
(terface)g(for)f(\(Sj,G\))h(is)f(set)h(to)g(I.)g(The)f(incoming)f(in)m
(terface)i(for)f(\(Sj,G\))h(is)f(set)h(to)g(the)303 2753
y(in)m(terface)31 b(used)e(to)i(send)f(unicast)g(pac)m(k)m(ets)i(to)f
(Sj)e(\(i.e.,)j(the)e(RPF)h(neigh)m(b)s(or\).)136 2899
y(\(b\))46 b(If)27 b(the)h(in)m(terface)g(used)f(to)h(reac)m(h)h(Sj,)e
(is)g(the)h(same)g(as)g(I,)f(this)g(represen)m(ts)h(an)f(error)g(\(or)h
(a)g(unicast)f(routing)303 3012 y(c)m(hange\))32 b(and)d(the)i
(Join/Prune)e(m)m(ust)h(not)g(b)s(e)g(pro)s(cessed.)-13
3200 y(3.)46 b(F)-8 b(or)26 b(eac)m(h)h(address,)f(Sj,)g(in)f(the)g
(join)g(list)f(of)i(the)g(Join/Prune)e(message,)k(for)e(whic)m(h)e
(there)i(is)f(an)g(existing)g(\(Sj,G\))103 3313 y(route)30
b(en)m(try)-8 b(,)141 3525 y(\(a\))47 b(If)31 b(the)h(RPT-bit)f(is)g
(not)h(set)h(for)f(Sj)f(listed)f(in)h(the)h(Join/Prune)f(message,)i
(but)f(the)g(RPT-bit)e(\015ag)j(is)e(set)303 3638 y(on)j(the)h
(existing)e(\(Sj,G\))i(en)m(try)-8 b(,)36 b(the)f(router)f(clears)h
(the)f(RPT-bit)f(\015ag)i(on)f(the)h(\(Sj,G\))g(en)m(try)-8
b(,)36 b(sets)f(the)303 3751 y(incoming)28 b(in)m(terface)j(to)f(p)s
(oin)m(t)f(to)m(w)m(ards)i(Sj)e(for)h(that)g(\(Sj,G\))h(en)m(try)-8
b(,)31 b(and)e(sends)g(a)h(Join/Prune)e(message)303 3864
y(corresp)s(onding)g(to)j(that)g(en)m(try)g(through)e(the)i(new)f
(incoming)f(in)m(terface;)i(and)136 4010 y(\(b\))46 b(If)28
b(I)g(is)f(not)i(the)f(same)h(as)f(the)h(existing)e(incoming)g(in)m
(terface,)j(the)e(router)g(adds)g(I)g(to)h(the)g(list)e(of)h(outgoing)
303 4123 y(in)m(terfaces.)146 4269 y(\(c\))47 b(The)28
b(Oif-timer)f(for)h(I)g(is)g(increased)g(\(nev)m(er)h(decreased\))h(to)
f(the)g(Holdtime)e(included)f(in)h(the)i(Join/Prune)303
4382 y(message.)58 b(In)35 b(addition,)g(if)g(the)h(Oif-timer)e(for)i
(that)g(in)m(terface)h(is)d(increased,)j(the)f(Oif-Deletion-Dela)m(y)
303 4495 y(for)30 b(that)h(in)m(terface)g(is)e(set)i(to)g(1/3rd)g(the)g
(Holdtime)e(sp)s(eci\014ed)g(in)g(the)h(Join/Prune)f(message.)136
4641 y(\(d\))46 b(The)30 b(\(Sj,G\))g(en)m(try's)h(SPT)f(bit)f(is)g
(cleared)i(un)m(til)d(data)j(comes)h(do)m(wn)e(the)g(shortest)h(path)f
(tree.)17 4853 y(F)-8 b(or)24 b(eac)m(h)h(group)f(address)f(G,)h(in)f
(the)h(Join/Prune)e(message,)27 b(the)d(asso)s(ciated)g(prune)f(list)f
(is)h(pro)s(cessed)h(as)g(follo)m(ws.)-125 4966 y(W)-8
b(e)29 b(refer)f(to)g(eac)m(h)h(address)e(in)f(the)i(prune)e(list)g(as)
i(Sp;)g(Sp)f(refers)g(to)h(the)g(RP)g(if)e(the)i(RPT-bit)e(and)h(W)m
(C-bit)h(are)g(b)s(oth)-125 5079 y(set.)42 b(F)-8 b(or)31
b(eac)m(h)g(Sp)f(in)f(the)h(prune)f(list)g(of)i(the)f(Join/Prune)f
(message:)-13 5267 y(1.)46 b(F)-8 b(or)31 b(eac)m(h)g(address,)f(Sp,)g
(in)f(the)h(prune)f(list)g(whose)h(RPT-bit)g(and)f(W)m(C-bit)i(are)f
(cleared:)p eop
%%Page: 17 18
17 17 bop -125 -149 a Fh(draft-ietf-idmr-PIM-SM-sp)s(ec-10.ps)2673
b Fk(17)141 149 y(\(a\))47 b(If)34 b(there)h(is)f(an)h(existing)f
(\(Sp,G\))h(route)g(en)m(try)-8 b(,)37 b(the)e(router)g(lo)m(w)m(ers)g
(the)g(en)m(try's)h(Oif-timer)d(for)i(I)f(to)i(its)303
262 y(Oif-Deletion-Dela)m(y)-8 b(,)32 b(allo)m(wing)e(for)h(other)h(do)
m(wnstream)f(routers)g(on)h(a)f(m)m(ulti-access)h(LAN)f(to)h(o)m(v)m
(erride)303 375 y(the)e(prune.)39 b(Ho)m(w)m(ev)m(er,)33
b(on)d(p)s(oin)m(t-to-p)s(oin)m(t)g(links,)f(the)h(oif-timer)g(is)f
(expired)g(immediately)-8 b(.)136 521 y(\(b\))46 b(If)27
b(the)g(router)g(has)g(a)h(curren)m(t)f(\(*,G\),)i(or)e(\(*,*,RP\),)j
(route)d(en)m(try)-8 b(,)29 b(and)e(if)f(the)h(existing)g(\(Sp,G\))g
(en)m(try)h(has)303 634 y(its)34 b(RPT-bit)g(\015ag)h(set)g(to)h(1,)g
(then)f(this)f(\(Sp,G\)RPT-bit)g(en)m(try)h(is)f(main)m(tained)f(\(not)
j(deleted\))f(ev)m(en)g(if)303 747 y(its)30 b(outgoing)g(in)m(terface)h
(list)e(is)h(n)m(ull.)-13 935 y(2.)46 b(F)-8 b(or)31
b(eac)m(h)g(address,)f(Sp,)g(in)f(the)h(prune)f(list)g(whose)h(RPT-bit)
g(is)f(set)i(and)f(whose)g(W)m(C-bit)g(cleared:)141 1122
y(\(a\))47 b(If)34 b(there)h(is)f(an)h(existing)f(\(Sp,G\))h(route)g
(en)m(try)-8 b(,)37 b(the)e(router)g(lo)m(w)m(ers)g(the)g(en)m(try's)h
(Oif-timer)d(for)i(I)f(to)i(its)303 1235 y(Oif-Deletion-Dela)m(y)-8
b(,)32 b(allo)m(wing)e(for)h(other)h(do)m(wnstream)f(routers)g(on)h(a)f
(m)m(ulti-access)h(LAN)f(to)h(o)m(v)m(erride)303 1348
y(the)e(prune.)39 b(Ho)m(w)m(ev)m(er,)33 b(on)d(p)s(oin)m(t-to-p)s(oin)
m(t)g(links,)f(the)h(oif-timer)g(is)f(expired)g(immediately)-8
b(.)136 1494 y(\(b\))46 b(If)27 b(the)g(router)g(has)g(a)h(curren)m(t)f
(\(*,G\),)i(or)e(\(*,*,RP\),)j(route)d(en)m(try)-8 b(,)29
b(and)e(if)f(the)h(existing)g(\(Sp,G\))g(en)m(try)h(has)303
1607 y(its)k(RPT-bit)g(\015ag)h(set)h(to)g(1,)g(then)f(this)f
(\(Sp,G\)RPT-bit)g(en)m(try)h(is)f(not)i(deleted,)f(and)g(the)g(En)m
(try-timer)303 1720 y(is)c(restarted,)i(ev)m(en)g(if)f(its)f(outgoing)i
(in)m(terface)g(list)e(is)h(n)m(ull.)146 1866 y(\(c\))47
b(If)28 b(\(*,G\),)i(or)e(corresp)s(onding)e(\(*,*,RP\),)31
b(state)f(exists,)e(but)g(there)g(is)g(no)g(\(Sp,G\))h(en)m(try)-8
b(,)29 b(an)f(\(Sp,G\)RPT-)303 1979 y(bit)j(en)m(try)h(is)f(created)i
(.)46 b(The)31 b(outgoing)i(in)m(terface)f(list)f(is)g(copied)h(from)f
(the)h(\(*,G\),)i(or)e(\(*,*,RP\),)i(en)m(try)-8 b(,)303
2092 y(with)34 b(the)j(in)m(terface,)h(I,)e(on)f(whic)m(h)g(the)h
(prune)f(w)m(as)h(receiv)m(ed,)i(is)d(deleted.)57 b(P)m(ac)m(k)m(ets)39
b(from)c(the)h(pruned)303 2205 y(source,)31 b(Sp,)e(matc)m(h)i(on)g
(this)e(state)j(and)d(are)i(not)g(forw)m(arded)f(to)m(w)m(ard)h(the)f
(pruned)f(receiv)m(ers.)136 2351 y(\(d\))46 b(If)31 b(there)h(exists)f
(a)i(\(Sp,G\))f(en)m(try)-8 b(,)33 b(with)d(or)i(without)f(the)g
(RPT-bit)g(set,)i(the)f(oif-timer)f(for)g(I)h(is)f(expired,)303
2464 y(and)f(the)g(En)m(try-timer)g(is)f(restarted.)-13
2652 y(3.)46 b(F)-8 b(or)31 b(eac)m(h)g(address,)f(Sp,)g(in)f(the)h
(prune)f(list)g(whose)h(RPT-bit)g(and)f(W)m(C-bit)i(are)f(b)s(oth)g
(set:)141 2839 y(\(a\))47 b(If)39 b(there)i(is)e(an)h(existing)f
(\(*,G\))i(en)m(try)-8 b(,)44 b(with)39 b(Sp)g(as)h(the)g(RP)g(for)g
(G,)g(the)h(router)f(lo)m(w)m(ers)g(the)g(en)m(try's)303
2952 y(Oif-timer)35 b(for)j(I)f(to)h(its)f(Oif-Deletion-Dela)m(y)-8
b(,)40 b(allo)m(wing)c(for)h(other)h(do)m(wnstream)f(routers)g(on)h(a)g
(m)m(ulti-)303 3065 y(access)d(LAN)g(to)f(o)m(v)m(erride)h(the)f
(prune.)51 b(Ho)m(w)m(ev)m(er,)37 b(on)d(p)s(oin)m(t-to-p)s(oin)m(t)g
(links,)f(the)h(oif-timer)g(is)f(expired)303 3178 y(immediately)-8
b(.)136 3324 y(\(b\))46 b(If)25 b(the)i(corresp)s(onding)d(\(*,*,RP\))k
(state)f(exists,)g(but)f(there)g(is)f(no)h(\(*,G\))i(en)m(try)-8
b(,)28 b(a)f(\(*,G\))g(en)m(try)g(is)e(created.)303 3437
y(The)33 b(outgoing)i(in)m(terface)f(list)f(is)g(copied)g(from)h
(\(*,*,RP\))i(en)m(try)-8 b(,)36 b(with)d(the)h(in)m(terface,)h(I,)g
(on)e(whic)m(h)g(the)303 3550 y(prune)c(w)m(as)h(receiv)m(ed,)h
(deleted.)103 3738 y(F)-8 b(or)29 b(an)m(y)g(new)f(\(S,G\),)h(\(*,G\))i
(or)d(\(*,*,RP\))i(en)m(try)f(created)h(b)m(y)e(an)g(incoming)f
(Join/Prune)g(message,)j(the)f(SPT-)103 3851 y(bit)g(is)h(cleared)g
(\(and)g(if)f(a)i(Join/Prune-Suppression)26 b(timer)k(is)f(used,)h(it)g
(is)f(left)h(o\013.\))17 4038 y(If)35 b(the)h(en)m(try)g(has)f(a)h
(Join/Prune-Suppression)31 b(timer)k(asso)s(ciated)h(with)f(it,)i(and)e
(if)f(the)i(receiv)m(ed)g(Join/Prune)-125 4151 y(do)s(es)i(not)g
(indicate)f(the)h(router)g(as)g(its)g(target,)j(then)d(the)g(receiving)
f(router)h(examines)f(the)h(join)f(and)h(prune)e(lists)-125
4264 y(to)g(see)g(if)e(an)m(y)i(addresses)e(in)g(the)h(list)f
(`completely-matc)m(h')j(existing)d(\(S,G\),)i(\(*,G\),)h(or)e
(\(*,*,RP\))i(state)g(for)e(whic)m(h)-125 4377 y(the)44
b(receiving)e(router)g(curren)m(tly)g(sc)m(hedules)g(Join/Prune)g
(messages.)79 b(An)42 b(elemen)m(t)i(on)f(the)g(join)e(or)i(prune)f
(list)-125 4490 y(`completely-matc)m(hes')g(a)e(route)h(en)m(try)f
(only)f(if)g(b)s(oth)g(the)h(addresses)f(and)h(RPT-bit)e(\015ag)j(are)f
(the)g(same.)70 b(If)39 b(the)-125 4603 y(incoming)d(Join/Prune)f
(message)j(completely)e(matc)m(hes)i(an)f(existing)e(\(S,G\),)j
(\(*,G\),)h(or)d(\(*,*,RP\))j(en)m(try)e(and)f(the)-125
4716 y(Join/Prune)j(arriv)m(ed)g(on)h(the)g Ff(iif)59
b Fk(for)39 b(that)i(en)m(try)-8 b(,)43 b(then)d(the)g(router)g
(compares)g(the)g(Holdtime)f(included)f(in)g(the)-125
4829 y(Join/Prune)c(message,)k(to)e(its)f(o)m(wn)h
([Join/Prune-Holdtime].)54 b(If)35 b(its)f(o)m(wn)i
([Join/Prune-Holdtime])e(is)g(lo)m(w)m(er,)j(the)-125
4941 y(Join/Prune-Suppression-timer)31 b(is)k(started)h(at)g(the)g
([Join/Prune-Suppression-Timeout].)52 b(If)35 b(the)h([Join/Prune-)-125
5054 y(Holdtime])31 b(is)g(equal,)g(the)g(tie)h(is)e(resolv)m(ed)h(in)f
(fa)m(v)m(or)j(of)e(the)h(Join/Prune)d(Message)k(originator)e(that)h
(has)f(the)h(higher)-125 5167 y(net)m(w)m(ork)d(la)m(y)m(er)e(address.)
39 b(When)27 b(the)h(Join/Prune)d(timer)i(expires,)g(the)h(router)f
(triggers)g(a)h(Join/Prune)d(message)k(for)-125 5280
y(the)i(corresp)s(onding)d(en)m(try\(ies\).)p eop
%%Page: 18 19
18 18 bop -125 -149 a Fh(draft-ietf-idmr-PIM-SM-sp)s(ec-10.ps)2673
b Fk(18)-125 149 y Fe(3.3)113 b(Register)36 b(and)i(Register-Stop)-125
321 y Fk(When)30 b(a)f(source)h(\014rst)e(starts)i(sending)e(to)i(a)f
(group)g(its)g(pac)m(k)m(ets)i(are)f(encapsulated)e(in)g(Register)i
(messages)g(and)f(sen)m(t)-125 434 y(to)h(the)f(RP)-8
b(.)29 b(If)f(the)h(data)g(rate)g(w)m(arran)m(ts)g(source-sp)s
(eci\014c)f(paths,)h(the)g(RP)f(sets)h(up)f(source)h(sp)s(eci\014c)e
(state)j(and)e(starts)-125 547 y(sending)h(\(S,G\))i(Join/Prune)e
(messages)i(to)m(w)m(ard)h(the)e(source,)h(with)e(S)h(in)f(the)h(join)g
(list.)-125 787 y Fn(3.3.1)106 b(Sending)35 b(Registers)h(and)f
(Receiving)h(Register-Stops)-125 959 y Fk(Register)31
b(messages)g(are)g(sen)m(t)g(as)g(follo)m(ws:)-13 1146
y(1.)46 b(When)37 b(a)g(DR)h(receiv)m(es)f(a)h(pac)m(k)m(et)h(from)e(a)
g(directly)f(connected)i(source,)h(S,)e(on)g(the)g(subnet)g(con)m
(taining)f(the)103 1259 y(address)29 b(S,)141 1447 y(\(a\))47
b(If)25 b(there)g(is)f(no)i(corresp)s(onding)d(\(S,G\))j(en)m(try)-8
b(,)27 b(and)e(the)g(router)g(has)g(RP-Set)h(information,)f(and)f(the)i
(DR)f(is)303 1560 y(not)31 b(the)g(RP)f(for)g(G,)i(the)e(DR)h(creates)i
(an)d(\(S,G\))i(en)m(try)f(with)e(the)i(Register-Suppression-timer)d
(turned)303 1673 y(o\013)42 b(and)f(the)g(RP)g(address)g(set)h
(according)g(to)g(the)g(hash)e(function)h(mapping)e(for)j(the)f
(corresp)s(onding)303 1786 y(group.)51 b(The)33 b(oif)h(list)e(is)h
(copied)h(from)f(existing)g(\(*,G\))j(or)e(\(*,*,RP\))i(en)m(tries,)f
(if)e(they)h(exist.)52 b(The)33 b(iif)f(of)303 1898 y(the)g(\(S,G\))g
(en)m(try)g(is)e(alw)m(a)m(ys)j(excluded)d(from)h(the)h(oif)f(list.)43
b(If)31 b(there)h(exists)f(a)h(\(*,G\))h(or)f(\(*,*,RP\))h(en)m(try)-8
b(,)303 2011 y(the)28 b(DR)g(sends)e(a)i(Join/Prune)e(message)j(to)m(w)
m(ards)f(the)g(RP)g(with)e(S)h(in)f(the)i(prune)e(list)h(and)g(the)h
(RPT-bit)303 2124 y(set.)136 2270 y(\(b\))46 b(If)30
b(there)g(is)g(a)g(\(S,G\))i(en)m(try)e(in)f(existence,)i(the)g(DR)g
(simply)c(restarts)k(the)g(corresp)s(onding)d(En)m(try-timer.)103
2458 y(When)34 b(a)g(PMBR)g(\(e.g.,)j(a)e(router)f(that)g(connects)h
(the)f(PIM-SM)g(region)g(to)h(a)f(dense)g(mo)s(de)f(region)h(running)
103 2571 y(D)m(VMRP)f(or)e(PIM-DM\))i(receiv)m(es)g(a)f(pac)m(k)m(et)h
(from)f(a)g(source)f(in)g(the)h(dense)f(mo)s(de)g(region,)h(the)g
(router)f(treats)103 2684 y(the)k(pac)m(k)m(et)i(as)f(if)e(it)h(w)m
(ere)h(from)f(a)g(directly)f(connected)i(source.)56 b(A)36
b(separate)g(do)s(cumen)m(t)f(will)e(describ)s(e)g(the)103
2797 y(details)c(of)i(in)m(terop)s(erabilit)m(y)-8 b(.)-13
2984 y(2.)46 b(If)30 b(the)g(new)g(or)g(previously-existing)d(\(S,G\))k
(en)m(try's)g(Register-Suppression-timer)d(is)h(not)h(running,)e(the)j
(data)103 3097 y(pac)m(k)m(et)c(is)d(encapsulated)g(in)g(a)i(Register)f
(message)h(and)e(unicast)h(to)g(the)h(RP)e(for)h(that)h(group.)38
b(The)25 b(data)g(pac)m(k)m(et)103 3210 y(is)30 b(also)h(forw)m(arded)g
(according)g(to)h(\(S,G\))g(state)g(in)e(the)h(DR)h(if)e(the)h(oif)g
(list)f(is)g(not)h(n)m(ull;)f(since)h(a)g(receiv)m(er)h(ma)m(y)103
3323 y(join)d(the)i(SP-tree)f(while)f(the)h(DR)h(is)e(still)g
(registering)g(to)i(the)g(RP)-8 b(.)-13 3511 y(3.)46
b(If)27 b(the)h(\(S,G\))h(en)m(try's)f(Register-Suppression-timer)e(is)
h(running,)f(the)i(data)g(pac)m(k)m(et)i(is)d(not)i(sen)m(t)f(in)f(a)h
(Register)103 3624 y(message,)j(it)f(is)g(just)g(forw)m(arded)f
(according)i(to)g(the)f(\(S,G\))h(oif)f(list.)17 3811
y(When)42 b(the)h(DR)f(receiv)m(es)i(a)f(Register-Stop)g(message,)k(it)
42 b(restarts)h(the)f(Register-Suppression-timer)e(in)h(the)-125
3924 y(corresp)s(onding)34 b(\(S,G\))j(en)m(try\(ies\))f(at)h
([Register-Suppression-Timeout])c(seconds.)57 b(If)35
b(there)h(is)f(data)i(to)f(b)s(e)g(regis-)-125 4037 y(tered,)30
b(the)g(DR)g(ma)m(y)g(send)e(a)i(n)m(ull)d(Register)j(\(a)g(Register)f
(message)i(with)d(a)i(zero-length)g(data)g(p)s(ortion)e(in)g(the)h
(inner)-125 4150 y(pac)m(k)m(et\))j(to)d(the)g(RP)-8
b(,)29 b([Prob)s(e-Time])f(seconds)h(b)s(efore)f(the)h
(Register-Suppression-timer)d(expires,)i(to)i(a)m(v)m(oid)f(sending)
-125 4263 y(o)s(ccasional)i(bursts)e(of)h(tra\016c)h(to)g(an)g(RP)f
(unnecessarily)-8 b(.)-125 4503 y Fn(3.3.2)106 b(Receiving)36
b(Register)f(Messages)h(and)f(Sending)g(Register-Stops)-125
4675 y Fk(When)c(a)f(router)h(\(i.e.,)g(the)f(RP\))h(receiv)m(es)g(a)g
(Register)f(message,)i(the)e(router)h(do)s(es)f(the)g(follo)m(wing:)-13
4862 y(1.)46 b(Decapsulates)31 b(the)g(data)g(pac)m(k)m(et,)h(and)e(c)m
(hec)m(ks)i(for)e(a)h(corresp)s(onding)d(\(S,G\))j(en)m(try)-8
b(.)141 5050 y(\(a\))47 b(If)32 b(a)g(\(S,G\))h(en)m(try)g(with)e
(cleared)h(\(0\))h(SPT)e(bit)h(exists,)g(and)g(the)g(receiv)m(ed)h
(Register)f(do)s(es)g(not)h(ha)m(v)m(e)g(the)303 5163
y(Null-Register-Bit)d(set)i(to)h(1,)f(the)g(pac)m(k)m(et)i(is)c(forw)m
(arded;)i(and)f(the)h(SPT)e(bit)h(is)g(left)g(cleared)h(\(0\).)45
b(If)31 b(the)303 5276 y(SPT)c(bit)h(is)g(1,)i(the)f(pac)m(k)m(et)i(is)
d(dropp)s(ed,)f(and)h(Register-Stop)h(messages)h(are)f(triggered.)40
b(Register-Stops)303 5389 y(should)26 b(b)s(e)i(rate-limited)f(\(in)h
(an)g(implemen)m(tation-sp)s(eci\014c)e(manner\))i(so)h(that)g(no)f
(more)h(than)f(a)h(few)f(are)p eop
%%Page: 19 20
19 19 bop -125 -149 a Fh(draft-ietf-idmr-PIM-SM-sp)s(ec-10.ps)2673
b Fk(19)303 149 y(sen)m(t)35 b(p)s(er)e(round)g(trip)h(time.)53
b(This)33 b(prev)m(en)m(ts)i(a)g(high)e(datarate)j(stream)f(of)g(pac)m
(k)m(ets)h(from)e(triggering)g(a)303 262 y(large)28 b(n)m(um)m(b)s(er)g
(of)g(Register-Stop)h(messages)h(b)s(et)m(w)m(een)f(the)g(time)f(that)h
(the)g(\014rst)f(pac)m(k)m(et)i(is)e(receiv)m(ed)h(and)303
375 y(the)h(time)g(when)g(the)g(source)h(receiv)m(es)g(the)g(\014rst)e
(Register-Stop.)136 521 y(\(b\))46 b(If)31 b(there)g(is)g(no)g(\(S,G\))
h(en)m(try)-8 b(,)33 b(but)e(there)g(is)g(a)h(\(*,G\))h(en)m(try)-8
b(,)32 b(and)f(the)h(receiv)m(ed)g(Register)f(do)s(es)g(not)h(ha)m(v)m
(e)303 634 y(the)e(Null-Register-Bit)g(set)h(to)g(1,)g(the)f(pac)m(k)m
(et)j(is)c(forw)m(arded)h(according)g(to)h(the)g(\(*,G\))h(en)m(try)-8
b(.)146 780 y(\(c\))47 b(If)34 b(there)i(is)e(a)h(\(*,*,RP\))i(en)m
(try)f(but)e(no)h(\(*,G\))i(en)m(try)-8 b(,)37 b(and)e(the)g(Register)g
(receiv)m(ed)h(do)s(es)f(not)g(ha)m(v)m(e)h(the)303 893
y(Null-Register-Bit)29 b(set)h(to)h(1,)g(a)f(\(*,G\))i(or)e(\(S,G\))g
(en)m(try)h(is)e(created)i(and)e(the)h(oif)g(list)e(is)h(copied)h(from)
f(the)303 1006 y(\(*,*,RP\))j(en)m(try)f(to)g(the)f(new)g(en)m(try)-8
b(.)42 b(The)29 b(pac)m(k)m(et)k(is)c(forw)m(arded)h(according)g(to)h
(the)g(created)g(en)m(try)-8 b(.)136 1152 y(\(d\))46
b(If)30 b(there)h(is)e(no)i(G)g(or)f(\(*,*,RP\))j(en)m(try)e(corresp)s
(onding)d(to)k(G,)f(the)g(pac)m(k)m(et)h(is)e(dropp)s(ed,)f(and)h(a)h
(Register-)303 1265 y(Stop)f(is)f(triggered.)146 1411
y(\(e\))47 b(A)27 b(\\Border)g(bit")f(bit)g(is)f(added)h(to)i(the)f
(Register)g(message,)i(to)e(facilitate)g(in)m(terop)s(erabilit)m(y)d
(mec)m(hanisms.)303 1524 y(PMBRs)j(set)h(this)e(bit)g(when)g
(registering)g(for)h(external)g(sources)g(\(see)h(Section)f(2.7\).)41
b(If)26 b(the)h(\\Border)h(bit")303 1637 y(is)h(set)i(in)e(the)i
(Register,)g(the)f(RP)g(do)s(es)g(the)h(follo)m(wing:)377
1792 y(i.)45 b(If)23 b(there)g(is)f(no)h(matc)m(hing)h(\(S,G\))g
(state,)i(but)c(there)i(exists)f(\(*,G\))i(or)e(\(*,*,RP\))i(en)m(try)
-8 b(,)26 b(the)d(RP)g(creates)473 1905 y(a)34 b(\(S,G\))h(en)m(try)-8
b(,)37 b(with)c(a)h(`PMBR')i(\014eld.)51 b(This)32 b(\014eld)h(holds)g
(the)i(source)f(of)g(the)h(Register)f(\(i.e.)53 b(the)473
2017 y(outer)29 b(net)m(w)m(ork)i(la)m(y)m(er)f(address)e(of)i(the)f
(register)g(pac)m(k)m(et\).)43 b(The)29 b(RP)g(triggers)g(a)h(\(S,G\))g
(join)f(to)m(w)m(ards)473 2130 y(the)i(source)h(of)f(the)h(data)g(pac)m
(k)m(et,)i(and)c(clears)i(the)f(SPT)f(bit)h(for)g(the)g(\(S,G\))h(en)m
(try)-8 b(.)45 b(If)31 b(the)g(receiv)m(ed)473 2243 y(Register)38
b(is)e(not)i(a)g(`n)m(ull)e(Register')i(the)g(pac)m(k)m(et)i(is)c(forw)
m(arded)h(according)h(to)g(the)g(created)h(state.)473
2356 y(Else,)352 2486 y(ii.)44 b(If)36 b(the)g(`PMBR')i(\014eld)d(for)h
(the)g(corresp)s(onding)f(\(S,G\))i(en)m(try)f(matc)m(hes)i(the)f
(source)f(of)h(the)f(Regis-)473 2599 y(ter)f(pac)m(k)m(et,)k(and)34
b(the)i(receiv)m(ed)f(Register)h(is)e(not)h(a)h(`n)m(ull)d(Register',)k
(the)f(decapsulated)e(pac)m(k)m(et)j(is)473 2711 y(forw)m(arded)29
b(to)j(the)e(oif)g(list)f(of)i(that)f(en)m(try)-8 b(.)42
b(Else,)326 2841 y(iii.)i(If)30 b(the)h(`PMBR')g(\014eld)e(for)i(the)g
(corresp)s(onding)d(\(S,G\))j(en)m(try)g(matc)m(hes)h(the)f(source)g
(of)f(the)h(Register)473 2954 y(pac)m(k)m(et,)h(the)f(decapsulated)f
(pac)m(k)m(et)i(is)e(forw)m(arded)f(to)i(the)g(oif)f(list)f(of)h(that)h
(en)m(try)-8 b(,)32 b(else)329 3083 y(iv.)45 b(The)25
b(pac)m(k)m(et)i(is)d(dropp)s(ed,)h(and)g(a)h(Register-stop)g(is)e
(triggered)h(to)m(w)m(ards)i(the)e(source)h(of)f(the)h(Register.)103
3271 y(The)k(\(S,G\))h(En)m(try-timer)e(is)h(restarted)h(b)m(y)f
(Registers)g(arriving)f(from)h(that)h(source)f(to)h(that)g(group.)-13
3459 y(2.)46 b(If)24 b(the)g(matc)m(hing)g(\(S,G\))i(or)e(\(*,G\))i
(state)f(con)m(tains)g(a)g(n)m(ull)d(oif)i(list,)g(the)h(RP)f(unicasts)
f(a)i(Register-Stop)f(message)103 3572 y(to)e(the)h(source)f(of)g(the)g
(Register)g(message;)k(in)21 b(the)h(latter)g(case,)j(the)d
(source-address)g(\014eld,)g(within)e(the)i(Register-)103
3685 y(Stop)30 b(message,)j(is)d(set)h(to)h(the)f(wildcard)e(v)-5
b(alue)30 b(\(all)g(0's\).)43 b(This)29 b(message)j(is)e(not)i(pro)s
(cessed)e(b)m(y)h(in)m(termediate)103 3797 y(routers,)f(hence)h(no)f
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(and)g(the)h(source.)-13 3985 y(3.)46 b(If)35 b(the)h(Register)g
(message)h(arriv)-5 b(al)34 b(rate)i(w)m(arran)m(ts)g(it)f(and)g(there)
h(is)f(no)h(existing)e(\(S,G\))j(en)m(try)-8 b(,)38 b(the)e(RP)f(sets)
103 4098 y(up)f(a)h(\(S,G\))h(route)g(en)m(try)f(with)f(the)i(outgoing)
f(in)m(terface)h(list,)f(excluding)f(iif\(S,G\),)g(copied)h(from)f(the)
i(\(*,G\))103 4211 y(outgoing)25 b(in)m(terface)h(list,)f(its)f
(SPT-bit)f(is)h(initialized)e(to)k(0.)39 b(If)25 b(a)g(\(*,G\))i(en)m
(try)e(do)s(es)g(not)g(exist,)h(but)f(there)g(exists)103
4324 y(a)j(\(*,*,RP\))i(en)m(try)e(with)e(the)i(RP)g(corresp)s(onding)e
(to)i(G)g(,)g(the)g(oif)g(list)e(for)i(\(S,G\))g(is)f(copied)h
(-excluding)e(the)i(iif-)103 4437 y(from)i(that)h(\(*,*,RP\))h(en)m
(try)-8 b(.)103 4587 y(A)24 b(timer)f(\(En)m(try-timer\))h(is)f(set)i
(for)f(the)g(\(S,G\))h(en)m(try)f(and)f(this)g(timer)g(is)g(restarted)i
(b)m(y)f(receipt)g(of)g(data)h(pac)m(k)m(ets)103 4700
y(for)35 b(\(S,G\).)i(The)f(\(S,G\))h(en)m(try)f(causes)g(the)g(RP)g
(to)h(send)e(a)h(Join/Prune)e(message)k(for)d(the)h(indicated)f(group)
103 4813 y(to)m(w)m(ards)c(the)f(source)h(of)g(the)f(register)g
(message.)103 4963 y(If)g(the)g(\(S,G\))h(oif)f(list)f(b)s(ecomes)i(n)m
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(ards)g(the)g(source,)g(S.)-125 5206 y Fe(3.4)113 b(Multicast)36
b(Data)h(P)m(ac)m(k)m(et)g(F)-9 b(orw)m(arding)-125 5378
y Fk(Pro)s(cessing)30 b(a)h(m)m(ulticast)f(data)h(pac)m(k)m(et)h(in)m
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20 20 bop -125 -149 a Fh(draft-ietf-idmr-PIM-SM-sp)s(ec-10.ps)2673
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(exact)h(matc)m(h)g(of)f(the)103 262 y(destination)d(address)g(in)g
(the)i(data)g(pac)m(k)m(et.)63 b(If)37 b(neither)g(S,)g(nor)f(G,)i
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b(and)d(the)103 375 y(RP)28 b(for)f(the)i(pac)m(k)m(et's)h(destination)
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38 b(\(1\))27 b(\(S,G\),)f(\(2\))h(\(*,G\).)h(If)d(neither)g(is)g(matc)
m(hed,)i(then)f(a)g(lo)s(okup)103 714 y(is)j(p)s(erformed)g(on)h
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(hing-en)m(try's)g Ff(iif)49 b Fk(\014eld,)29 b(and)g(the)h
Ff(oif)50 b Fk(list)28 b(is)h(not)103 1012 y(n)m(ull:)141
1197 y(\(a\))47 b(F)-8 b(orw)m(ard)44 b(the)f(pac)m(k)m(et)j(to)e(the)f
Ff(oif)63 b Fk(list)42 b(for)i(that)g(en)m(try)-8 b(,)47
b(excluding)42 b(the)h(subnet)g(con)m(taining)g(S,)g(and)303
1310 y(restart)29 b(the)g(En)m(try-timer)f(if)g(the)h(matc)m(hing)f(en)
m(try)h(is)f(\(S,G\).)i(Optionally)-8 b(,)27 b(the)i(\(S,G\))h(En)m
(try-timer)e(ma)m(y)303 1423 y(b)s(e)h(restarted)i(b)m(y)g(p)s(erio)s
(dic)c(c)m(hec)m(king)k(of)g(the)g(matc)m(hing)f(pac)m(k)m(et)i(coun)m
(t.)136 1567 y(\(b\))46 b(If)32 b(the)h(en)m(try)h(is)e(a)h(\(S,G\))h
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(asso)s(ciated)h(\(*,*,RP\))g(also)303 1679 y(exists)c(whose)g
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1792 y(en)m(try)f(and)g(trigger)h(an)f(\(S,G\))h(RPT-bit)e(prune)g(to)m
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2049 y(in)m(terface,)40 b(c)m(hec)m(k)f(the)f
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y(running,)f(then)h(the)g(router)g(encapsulates)g(the)h(data)g(pac)m(k)
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2275 y(the)30 b(RP)-8 b(.)103 2460 y(This)20 b(co)m(v)m(ers)j(the)f
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4483 y(drop)29 b(the)i(pac)m(k)m(et.)-125 4722 y Fn(3.4.1)106
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24 24 bop -125 -149 a Fh(draft-ietf-idmr-PIM-SM-sp)s(ec-10.ps)2673
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(includes)c(a)j(BSR)f(address)g(that)h Fn(is)g Fk(preferred)e(o)m(v)m
(er,)k(or)e(equal)f(to,)i(the)e(curren)m(tly)103 262
y(activ)m(e)e(BSR,)f(the)h(router)e(restarts)i(its)f(Bo)s
(otstrap-timer)g(at)h([Bo)s(otstrap-Timeout])g(seconds.)40
b(and)28 b(stores)g(the)103 375 y(BSR)i(address)f(and)h(RP-Set)h
(information.)103 526 y(The)e(Bo)s(otstrap)h(message)h(is)e(then)g
(forw)m(arded)g(out)h(all)f(PIM)h(in)m(terfaces,)g(excluding)e(the)i
(one)g(o)m(v)m(er)h(whic)m(h)d(the)103 638 y(message)j(arriv)m(ed,)f
(to)h(`ALL-PIM-R)m(OUTERS')g(group,)f(with)f(a)i(TTL)e(of)i(1.)-13
826 y(4.)46 b(If)28 b(the)i(receiving)e(router)h(has)g(no)f(curren)m(t)
h(RP)g(set)h(information)d(and)i(the)g(Bo)s(otstrap)h(w)m(as)f(unicast)
f(to)i(it)f(from)103 939 y(a)g(directly)e(connected)j(neigh)m(b)s(or,)e
(the)h(router)g(stores)g(the)g(information)e(as)i(its)g(new)f(RP-set.)
41 b(This)27 b(co)m(v)m(ers)j(the)103 1052 y(startup)g(condition)f
(when)g(a)i(newly)e(b)s(o)s(oted)h(router)g(obtains)g(the)g(RP-Set)h
(and)f(BSR)g(address)f(from)h(its)g(DR.)17 1240 y(When)42
b(a)i(router)e(receiv)m(es)i(a)g(new)e(RP-Set,)47 b(it)42
b(c)m(hec)m(ks)i(if)e(eac)m(h)j(of)e(the)g(RPs)f(referred)h(to)g(b)m(y)
g(existing)f(state)-125 1352 y(\(i.e.,)g(b)m(y)d(\(*,G\),)i
(\(*,*,RP\),)g(or)d(\(S,G\)RPT-bit)h(en)m(tries\))g(is)f(in)f(the)i
(new)f(RP-Set.)67 b(If)38 b(an)h(RP)f(is)g(not)h(in)f(the)h(new)-125
1465 y(RP-set,)c(that)e(RP)g(is)e(considered)h(unreac)m(hable)g(and)g
(the)h(hash)f(algorithm)g(\(see)i(b)s(elo)m(w\))e(is)g(re-p)s(erformed)
g(for)g(eac)m(h)-125 1578 y(group)38 b(with)e(lo)s(cally)g(activ)m(e)j
(state)g(that)f(previously)d(hashed)i(to)h(that)h(RP)-8
b(.)38 b(This)e(will)e(cause)39 b(those)f(groups)f(to)h(b)s(e)-125
1691 y(distributed)30 b(among)j(the)g(remaining)e(RPs.)47
b(When)32 b(the)h(new)f(RP-Set)h(con)m(tains)g(a)f(new)h(RP)-8
b(,)33 b(the)f(v)-5 b(alue)32 b(of)h(the)g(new)-125 1804
y(RP)27 b(is)e(calculated)h(for)g(eac)m(h)i(group)e(co)m(v)m(ered)i(b)m
(y)e(that)h(C-RP's)f(Group-pre\014x.)38 b(An)m(y)26 b(group)g(for)g
(whic)m(h)f(the)i(new)f(RP's)-125 1917 y(v)-5 b(alue)30
b(is)g(greater)h(than)f(the)h(previously)d(activ)m(e)k(RP's)e(v)-5
b(alue)30 b(is)f(switc)m(hed)h(o)m(v)m(er)i(to)f(the)f(new)g(RP)-8
b(.)-125 2160 y Fe(3.7)113 b(Hash)38 b(F)-9 b(unction)-125
2332 y Fk(The)30 b(hash)g(function)f(is)g(used)h(b)m(y)g(all)g(routers)
g(within)d(a)k(domain,)f(to)h(map)f(a)h(group)e(to)j(one)e(of)h(the)f
(C-RPs)g(from)g(the)-125 2445 y(RP-Set.)46 b(F)-8 b(or)33
b(a)f(particular)e(group,)i(G,)h(the)f(hash)f(function)f(uses)i(only)f
(those)h(C-RPs)g(whose)f(Group-pre\014x)g(co)m(v)m(ers)-125
2558 y(G.)j(The)e(algorithm)f(tak)m(es)j(as)f(input)d(the)j(group)f
(address,)h(and)f(the)g(addresses)g(of)h(the)g(Candidate)e(RPs,)i(and)f
(giv)m(es)-125 2671 y(as)f(output)f(one)h(RP)f(address)f(to)i(b)s(e)f
(used.)17 2784 y(The)h(proto)s(col)h(requires)e(that)j(all)e(routers)g
(hash)g(to)i(the)f(same)g(RP)g(within)d(a)k(domain)d(\(except)k(for)d
(transien)m(ts\).)-125 2897 y(The)f(follo)m(wing)f(hash)h(function)f(m)
m(ust)h(b)s(e)g(used)f(in)g(eac)m(h)j(router:)-13 3109
y(1.)46 b(F)-8 b(or)40 b(RP)f(addresses)f(in)g(the)i(RP-Set,)h(whose)e
(Group-pre\014x)f(co)m(v)m(ers)j(G,)f(select)g(the)f(RPs)g(with)f(the)h
(highest)103 3222 y(priorit)m(y)29 b(\(i.e.)40 b(lo)m(w)m(est)32
b(`Priorit)m(y')d(v)-5 b(alue\),)31 b(and)f(compute)g(a)h(v)-5
b(alue:)120 3486 y Fc(V)20 b(al)r(ue)p Fk(\()p Fc(G;)15
b(M)5 b(;)15 b(C)709 3500 y Fb(i)738 3486 y Fk(\))26
b(=)f(\(1103515245)g Fd(\001)20 b Fk(\(\(1103515245)26
b Fd(\001)20 b Fk(\()p Fc(G)p Fk(&)p Fc(M)10 b Fk(\))20
b(+)g(12345\))33 b(X)m(OR)e Fc(C)3055 3500 y Fb(i)3083
3486 y Fk(\))20 b(+)g(12345\))185 b(mo)s(d)29 b(2)3923
3449 y Fl(31)103 3728 y Fk(where)e Fc(C)428 3742 y Fb(i)483
3728 y Fk(is)f(the)i(RP)f(address)f(and)h Fc(M)37 b Fk(is)27
b(a)h(hash-mask)e(included)f(in)h(Bo)s(otstrap)i(messages.)41
b(The)27 b(hash-mask)103 3841 y(allo)m(ws)h(a)i(small)e(n)m(um)m(b)s
(er)g(of)h(consecutiv)m(e)i(groups)d(\(e.g.,)k(4\))e(to)g(alw)m(a)m(ys)
g(hash)e(to)i(the)g(same)g(RP)-8 b(.)29 b(F)-8 b(or)30
b(instance,)103 3954 y(hierarc)m(hically-enco)s(ded)f(data)j(can)g(b)s
(e)f(sen)m(t)h(on)g(consecutiv)m(e)g(group)f(addresses)g(to)i(get)g
(the)e(same)h(dela)m(y)g(and)103 4067 y(fate-sharing)e(c)m
(haracteristics.)103 4217 y(F)-8 b(or)35 b(address)f(families)f(other)i
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Fc(C)2895 4231 y Fb(i)2958 4217 y Fk(m)m(ust)g(\014rst)f(b)s(e)g(deriv)
m(ed)g(from)103 4330 y(the)g(actual)g(RP)f(address.)50
b(Suc)m(h)33 b(a)h(digest)f(metho)s(d)h(m)m(ust)f(b)s(e)g(used)g
(consisten)m(tly)g(throughout)h(the)g(PIM)f(do-)103 4443
y(main.)38 b(F)-8 b(or)25 b(IPv6)h(addresses,)f(w)m(e)h(recommend)f
(using)f(the)h(equiv)-5 b(alen)m(t)24 b(IPv4)i(address)e(for)h(an)g
(IPv4-compatible)103 4556 y(address,)k(and)h(the)h(CR)m(C-32)g(c)m(hec)
m(ksum)g([7)q(])f(of)h(all)e(other)i(IPv6)f(addresses.)-13
4743 y(2.)46 b(F)-8 b(rom)27 b(the)g(RPs)f(with)f(the)i(highest)f
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4856 y(resulting)i(v)-5 b(alue)30 b(is)g(then)h(c)m(hosen)g(as)g(the)g
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(v)-5 b(alue)30 b(are)h(stored)103 4969 y(with)e(the)h(en)m(try)h
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b(,)30 b(are)g(brok)m(en)g(in)e(adv)-5 b(an)m(tage)32
b(of)e(the)g(highest)103 5232 y(address.)p eop
%%Page: 25 26
25 25 bop -125 -149 a Fh(draft-ietf-idmr-PIM-SM-sp)s(ec-10.ps)2673
b Fk(25)17 149 y(The)31 b(hash)g(function)g(algorithm)g(is)g(in)m(v)m
(ok)m(ed)i(b)m(y)f(a)g(DR,)h(up)s(on)d(reception)i(of)g(a)h(pac)m(k)m
(et,)i(or)d(IGMP)g(mem)m(b)s(ership)-125 262 y(indication,)k(for)g(a)h
(group,)g(for)f(whic)m(h)f(the)h(DR)h(has)e(no)i(en)m(try)-8
b(.)58 b(It)37 b(is)e(in)m(v)m(ok)m(ed)h(b)m(y)g(an)m(y)h(router)f
(that)h(has)f(\(*,*,RP\))-125 375 y(state)f(when)e(a)g(pac)m(k)m(et)j
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(onding)d(\(S,G\))j(or)g(\(*,G\))h(en)m(try)-8 b(.)50
b(F)-8 b(urthermore,)-125 488 y(the)31 b(hash)f(function)f(is)g(in)m(v)
m(ok)m(ed)i(b)m(y)f(all)f(routers)i(up)s(on)d(receiving)i(a)h(\(*,G\))h
(or)e(\(*,*,RP\))i(Join/Prune)d(message.)-125 732 y Fe(3.8)113
b(Pro)s(cessing)36 b(Timer)g(Ev)m(en)m(ts)-125 903 y
Fk(In)26 b(this)f(subsection,)h(w)m(e)h(en)m(umerate)f(all)f(timers)h
(that)g(ha)m(v)m(e)i(b)s(een)d(discussed)f(or)i(implied.)37
b(Since)25 b(some)h(critical)f(timer)-125 1016 y(ev)m(en)m(ts)37
b(are)e(not)g(asso)s(ciated)g(with)f(the)h(receipt)f(or)h(sending)e(of)
i(messages,)j(they)d(are)g(not)g(fully)d(co)m(v)m(ered)37
b(b)m(y)d(earlier)-125 1129 y(subsections.)17 1242 y(Timers)c(are)j
(implemen)m(ted)e(in)g(an)h(implemen)m(tation-sp)s(eci\014c)e(manner.)
45 b(F)-8 b(or)33 b(example,)g(a)f(timer)g(ma)m(y)h(coun)m(t)f(up)-125
1355 y(or)g(do)m(wn,)f(or)g(ma)m(y)h(simply)d(expire)h(at)i(a)g(sp)s
(eci\014c)e(time.)43 b(Setting)31 b(a)h(timer)f(to)h(a)f(v)-5
b(alue)31 b(T)g(means)g(that)h(it)f(will)d(expire)-125
1468 y(after)j(T)f(seconds.)-125 1708 y Fn(3.8.1)106
b(Timers)34 b(related)g(to)h(tree)f(main)m(tenance)-125
1880 y Fk(Eac)m(h)27 b(\(S,G\),)h(\(*,G\),)g(and)e(\(*,*,RP\))i(route)e
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b(one)26 b(for)g(eac)m(h)i(in)m(terface)-125 1992 y(in)37
b(the)h(outgoing)g(in)m(terface)h(list,)g(one)f(for)g(the)g(m)m
(ulticast)f(routing)g(en)m(try)h(itself,)h(and)f(one)g(optional)f
(Join/Prune-)-125 2105 y(Suppression-Timer.)d(Eac)m(h)21
b(\(S,G\))g(and)f(\(*,G\))j(en)m(try)d(also)h(has)f(an)h(Assert-timer)f
(and)g(a)h(Random-Dela)m(y-Join-Timer)-125 2218 y(for)28
b(use)f(with)f(Asserts.)40 b(In)26 b(addition,)h(DR's)g(ha)m(v)m(e)i(a)
f(Register-Suppression-timer)c(for)k(eac)m(h)g(\(S,G\))g(en)m(try)g
(and)f(ev)m(ery)-125 2331 y(router)41 b(has)g(a)g(single)f
(Join/Prune-timer.)70 b(\(A)42 b(router)e(ma)m(y)i(optionally)d(k)m
(eep)j(separate)g(Join/Prune-timers)d(for)-125 2444 y(di\013eren)m(t)30
b(in)m(terfaces)h(or)f(route)h(en)m(tries)f(if)g(di\013eren)m(t)f
(Join/Prune)g(p)s(erio)s(ds)f(are)j(desired.\))-125 2657
y Fn(Join/Prune-Timer)46 b Fk(This)39 b(timer)i(is)f(used)g(for)h(p)s
(erio)s(dically)d(sending)h(aggregate)44 b(Join/Prune)c(messages.)74
b(T)-8 b(o)103 2770 y(a)m(v)m(oid)24 b(sync)m(hronization)f(among)i
(routers)e(b)s(o)s(oting)g(sim)m(ultaneously)-8 b(,)24
b(it)f(is)g(initially)e(set)j(to)h(a)f(random)f(v)-5
b(alue)24 b(b)s(e-)103 2882 y(t)m(w)m(een)d(1)g(and)f([Join/Prune-P)m
(erio)s(d].)35 b(When)20 b(it)g(expires,)h(the)g(timer)e(is)h
(immediately)e(restarted)j(to)g([Join/Prune-)103 2995
y(P)m(erio)s(d].)40 b(A)30 b(Join/Prune)e(message)j(is)e(then)h(sen)m
(t)g(out)h(eac)m(h)g(in)m(terface.)41 b(This)28 b(timer)h(should)f(not)
j(b)s(e)e(restarted)103 3108 y(b)m(y)h(other)h(ev)m(en)m(ts.)-125
3296 y Fn(Join/Prune-Suppression-Timer)36 b(\(k)m(ept)f(p)s(er)g(route)
f(en)m(try\))45 b Fk(A)21 b(route)f(en)m(try's)h(\(optional\))f
(Join/Prune-Suppression-)103 3409 y(Timer)j(ma)m(y)h(b)s(e)g(used)g(to)
h(suppress)d(duplicate)h(joins)g(from)h(m)m(ultiple)e(do)m(wnstream)i
(routers)g(on)g(the)g(same)h(LAN.)103 3522 y(When)35
b(a)i(Join)d(message)j(is)e(receiv)m(ed)h(from)g(a)g(neigh)m(b)s(or)e
(on)i(the)g(en)m(try's)g(incoming)f(in)m(terface)h(in)f(whic)m(h)f(the)
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(router's)f(o)m(wn)h([Join/Prune-Holdtime])d(\(with)i(ties)g(brok)m(en)
h(b)m(y)103 3748 y(higher)38 b(net)m(w)m(ork)j(la)m(y)m(er)f
(address\),)i(the)d(timer)g(is)g(set)h(to)h
([Join/Prune-Suppression-Timeout],)d(with)g(some)103
3860 y(random)28 b(jitter)g(in)m(tro)s(duced)f(to)j(a)m(v)m(oid)f(sync)
m(hronization)f(of)g(triggered)h(Join/Prune)e(messages)j(on)e
(expiration.)103 3973 y(\(The)38 b(random)g(timeout)h(v)-5
b(alue)38 b(m)m(ust)h(b)s(e)f Fc(<)h Fk(1.5)h(*)f([Join/Prune-P)m(erio)
s(d])e(to)i(prev)m(en)m(t)h(losing)d(data)j(after)f(2)103
4086 y(dropp)s(ed)30 b(Join/Prunes.\))45 b(The)32 b(timer)g(is)f
(restarted)i(ev)m(ery)h(time)e(a)g(subsequen)m(t)g(Join/Prune)f
(message)i(\(with)103 4199 y(higher)h(Holdtime/IP)h(address\))g(for)g
(the)h(en)m(try)g(is)f(receiv)m(ed)h(on)f(its)h(incoming)e(in)m
(terface.)57 b(While)34 b(the)i(timer)103 4312 y(is)g(running,)g
(Join/Prune)g(messages)i(for)f(the)g(en)m(try)h(are)f(not)h(sen)m(t.)61
b(This)36 b(timer)g(is)h(idle)e(\(not)j(running\))d(for)103
4425 y(p)s(oin)m(t-to-p)s(oin)m(t)30 b(links.)-125 4613
y Fn(Oif-Timer)k(\(k)m(ept)g(p)s(er)h(oif)g(for)g(eac)m(h)g(route)g(en)
m(try\))45 b Fk(A)29 b(timer)g(for)g(eac)m(h)h(oif)e(of)h(a)h(route)f
(en)m(try)h(is)e(used)g(to)i(time)103 4726 y(out)i(that)h(oif.)47
b(Because)34 b(some)e(of)h(the)g(outgoing)f(in)m(terfaces)h(in)e(an)i
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4838 y(outgoing)24 b(in)m(terface)h(list,)f(they)g(ma)m(y)h(not)f(ha)m
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b(Th)m(us,)22 b(when)f(an)h(Oif-timer)e(is)h(restarted)103
5064 y(in)29 b(a)h(\(*,G\))i(en)m(try)-8 b(,)32 b(the)e(Oif-timer)f(is)
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h(in)m(terface.)56 b(The)35 b(same)h(rule)e(applies)f(to)j(\(*,G\))h
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5290 y(Oif-timer)28 b(on)j(a)f(\(*,*,RP\))j(en)m(try)-8
b(.)p eop
%%Page: 26 27
26 26 bop -125 -149 a Fh(draft-ietf-idmr-PIM-SM-sp)s(ec-10.ps)2673
b Fk(26)103 149 y(The)25 b(follo)m(wing)g(table)g(sho)m(ws)h(its)f
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103 334 3176 4 v 101 447 4 113 v 153 413 a Fn(Set)34
b(to)772 b(When)925 b(Applies)36 b(to)p 3276 447 V 103
450 3176 4 v 101 563 4 113 v 153 529 a Fk(included)27
b(Holdtime)316 b(adding)29 b(oif)h(o\013)h(Join/Prune)187
b(\(S,G\))31 b(\(*,G\))h(\(*,*,RP\))p 3276 563 V 101
676 V 153 642 a Fn(Increased)j(\(only\))f(to)175 b(When)925
b(Applies)36 b(to)p 3276 676 V 103 679 3176 4 v 101 792
4 113 v 153 758 a Fk(included)27 b(Holdtime)316 b(receiv)m(ed)31
b(Join/Prune)394 b(\(S,G\))31 b(\(*,G\))h(\(*,*,RP\))p
3276 792 V 101 905 V 153 871 a(\(*,*,RP\))g(oif-timer)d(v)-5
b(alue)99 b(\(*,*,RP\))33 b(oif-timer)c(restarted)100
b(\(S,G\))31 b(\(*,G\))p 3276 905 V 101 1018 V 153 984
a(\(*,G\))h(oif-timer)d(v)-5 b(alue)227 b(\(*,G\))32
b(oif-timer)e(restarted)228 b(\(S,G\))p 3276 1018 V 103
1021 3176 4 v 103 1038 V 101 1151 4 113 v 153 1117 a
Fn(Decreased)35 b(\(only\))g(to)144 b(When)925 b(Applies)36
b(to)p 3276 1151 V 103 1154 3176 4 v 101 1267 4 113 v
153 1233 a Fk(Oif-Deletion-Dela)m(y)304 b(prune)29 b(receiv)m(ed)621
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27 27 bop -125 -149 a Fh(draft-ietf-idmr-PIM-SM-sp)s(ec-10.ps)2673
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m(ed)j(from)e(that)h(RP)-8 b(,)21 b(its)f(timer)g(is)g(restarted)h(to)h
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28 28 bop -125 -149 a Fh(draft-ietf-idmr-PIM-SM-sp)s(ec-10.ps)2673
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2267 y(210)35 b(seconds.)-125 2446 y([Register-Suppression-Timeout])46
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b(b)s(et)m(w)m(een)h(receiving)f(a)i(Register-Stop)f(and)103
2559 y(allo)m(wing)25 b(Registers)h(to)h(b)s(e)e(sen)m(t)i(again.)40
b(A)26 b(lo)m(w)m(er)g(v)-5 b(alue)26 b(means)g(more)h(frequen)m(t)f
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(for)e(new)h(receiv)m(ers.)52 b Fn(Default:)i(60)40 b(seconds.)52
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g(bursts)d(are)j(prev)m(en)m(ts,)h(and)103 2898 y
([Register-Suppression-Timeout])28 b(ma)m(y)j(b)s(e)e(lo)m(w)m(ered)i
(to)g(decrease)g(join)f(latency)-8 b(.\))-125 3076 y
Fn([Prob)s(e-Time])45 b Fk(When)33 b(n)m(ull)e(Registers)j(are)f(used,)
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(Register-Stop.)65 b(Th)m(us,)40 b(a)103 3302 y(n)m(ull)31
b(Register)i(w)m(ould)g(b)s(e)f(sen)m(t)i(when)e(the)i
(Register-Suppression-Timer)c(reac)m(hes)k(this)e(v)-5
b(alue.)49 b Fn(Default:)k(5)103 3415 y(seconds.)-125
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(receiv)m(ed,)j(and)d(the)h(time)f(at)i(whic)m(h)103
3707 y(the)30 b(assert)h(is)f(timed)f(out.)41 b Fn(Default:)46
b(180)36 b(seconds.)-125 3886 y([Random-Dela)m(y-Join-Timeout])45
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b(b)s(et)m(w)m(een)i(the)f(time)f(when)g(the)h(RPF)g(neigh-)103
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(triggered)g(Join/Prune)e(message)j(is)e(sen)m(t.)39
b Fn(Default:)j(4.5)28 b(seconds.)-125 4178 y([Hello-P)m(erio)s(d])47
b Fk(This)28 b(is)i(the)g(in)m(terv)-5 b(al)30 b(b)s(et)m(w)m(een)h
(sending)e(Hello)h(messages.)41 b Fn(Default:)46 b(30)36
b(seconds.)-125 4357 y([Hello-Holdtime])45 b Fk(This)26
b(is)h(the)i(Holdtime)e(sp)s(eci\014ed)f(in)h(Hello)g(messages,)j
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eop
%%Page: 29 30
29 29 bop -125 -149 a Fh(draft-ietf-idmr-PIM-SM-sp)s(ec-10.ps)2673
b Fk(29)-125 149 y Fn([Bo)s(otstrap-Timeout])45 b Fk(This)27
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v 15 1454 4 266 v 66 1307 a Fk(Border)278 b(Register)375
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2764 y(from)g(the)g(\(*,G\))i(iif)p 3914 2798 V 15 3063
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%%Page: 30 31
30 30 bop -125 -149 a Fh(draft-ietf-idmr-PIM-SM-sp)s(ec-10.ps)2673
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(ed.)p eop
%%Page: 31 32
31 31 bop -125 -149 a Fh(draft-ietf-idmr-PIM-SM-sp)s(ec-10.ps)2673
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%%Page: 32 33
32 32 bop -125 -149 a Fh(draft-ietf-idmr-PIM-SM-sp)s(ec-10.ps)2673
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b(Address)1191 b(|)150 2033 y(+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-)o(+-+-)o(+-+)o
(-+-+)o(-+-+)o(-+-)o(+-+-)o(+-+-)o(+-+)o(-+-+)o(-+-+)o(-+)103
2246 y Fn(Addr)35 b(F)-9 b(amily)45 b Fk(describ)s(ed)28
b(ab)s(o)m(v)m(e.)103 2392 y Fn(Enco)s(ding)35 b(T)m(yp)s(e)46
b Fk(describ)s(ed)28 b(ab)s(o)m(v)m(e.)103 2538 y Fn(Reserv)m(ed)46
b Fk(T)-8 b(ransmitted)29 b(as)i(zero,)g(ignored)f(on)g(receipt.)103
2684 y Fn(S,W,R)46 b Fk(See)30 b(Section)h(4.5)g(for)f(details.)103
2830 y Fn(Mask)35 b(Length)45 b Fk(Mask)28 b(length)e(is)g(8)h(bits.)38
b(The)27 b(v)-5 b(alue)26 b(is)g(the)h(n)m(um)m(b)s(er)e(of)i(con)m
(tiguous)g(bits)f(left)g(justi\014ed)f(used)303 2943
y(as)36 b(a)h(mask)f(whic)m(h)e(describ)s(es)h(the)h(address.)57
b(The)36 b(mask)g(length)f(m)m(ust)h(b)s(e)f(less)h(than)g(or)g(equal)f
(to)i(the)303 3056 y(address)26 b(length)g(in)g(bits)g(for)g(the)h(giv)
m(en)g(Address)f(F)-8 b(amily)26 b(and)h(Enco)s(ding)e(T)m(yp)s(e.)39
b(If)27 b(the)g(message)h(is)e(sen)m(t)303 3169 y(for)35
b(a)i(single)d(group)h(then)h(the)g(Mask)g(length)f(m)m(ust)h(equal)f
(the)h(address)f(length)h(in)e(bits)h(for)g(the)h(giv)m(en)303
3282 y(Address)f(F)-8 b(amily)36 b(and)h(Enco)s(ding)e(T)m(yp)s(e.)59
b(In)36 b(v)m(ersion)g(2)h(of)g(PIM,)g(it)g(is)e(strongly)h
(recommended)h(that)303 3395 y(this)29 b(\014eld)g(b)s(e)h(set)h(to)g
(32)g(for)f(IPv4)h(nativ)m(e)f(enco)s(ding.)103 3541
y Fn(Source)35 b(Address)47 b Fk(The)29 b(source)i(address.)p
eop
%%Page: 33 34
33 33 bop -125 -149 a Fh(draft-ietf-idmr-PIM-SM-sp)s(ec-10.ps)2673
b Fk(33)-125 149 y Fe(4.2)113 b(Hello)35 b(Message)-125
321 y Fk(It)c(is)e(sen)m(t)i(p)s(erio)s(dically)c(b)m(y)j(routers)g(on)
h(all)e(in)m(terfaces.)-29 534 y Fa(0)906 b(1)h(2)g(3)-29
647 y(0)47 b(1)h(2)f(3)h(4)f(5)h(6)f(7)h(8)f(9)g(0)h(1)f(2)h(3)f(4)h(5)
f(6)h(7)f(8)h(9)f(0)g(1)h(2)f(3)h(4)f(5)h(6)f(7)h(8)f(9)h(0)f(1)-77
759 y(+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+)o(-+-+)o(-+-)o(+-+-)o(+-+-)o(+-+)o
(-+-+)o(-+-+)o(-+-)o(+-+-)o(+-+-)o(+-+)-77 872 y(|PIM)g(Ver|)f(Type)95
b(|)47 b(Reserved)284 b(|)525 b(Checksum)571 b(|)-77
985 y(+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+)o(-+-+)o(-+-)o(+-+-)o(+-+-)o(+-+)o
(-+-+)o(-+-+)o(-+-)o(+-+-)o(+-+-)o(+-+)-77 1098 y(|)334
b(OptionType)665 b(|)430 b(OptionLength)474 b(|)-77 1211
y(+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+)o(-+-+)o(-+-)o(+-+-)o(+-+-)o(+-+)o(-+-+)o
(-+-+)o(-+-)o(+-+-)o(+-+-)o(+-+)-77 1324 y(|)1241 b(OptionValue)d(|)-77
1437 y(+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+)o(-+-+)o(-+-)o(+-+-)o(+-+-)o(+-+)o
(-+-+)o(-+-+)o(-+-)o(+-+-)o(+-+~)o(+~+)-77 1550 y(|)1479
b(.)h(|)-77 1663 y(|)f(.)h(|)-77 1776 y(|)f(.)h(|)-77
1889 y(+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+)o(-+-+)o(-+-)o(+-+-)o(+-+-)o(+-+)o
(-+-+)o(-+-+)o(-+-)o(+-+-)o(+-+-)o(+-+)-77 2001 y(|)334
b(OptionType)665 b(|)430 b(OptionLength)474 b(|)-77 2114
y(+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+)o(-+-+)o(-+-)o(+-+-)o(+-+-)o(+-+)o(-+-+)o
(-+-+)o(-+-)o(+-+-)o(+-+-)o(+-+)-77 2227 y(|)1241 b(OptionValue)d(|)-77
2340 y(+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+)o(-+-+)o(-+-)o(+-+-)o(+-+-)o(+-+)o
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b(V)-9 b(ersion,)35 b(T)m(yp)s(e,)g(Reserv)m(ed,)h(Chec)m(ksum)45
b Fk(Describ)s(ed)29 b(ab)s(o)m(v)m(e.)-125 2740 y Fn(OptionT)m(yp)s(e)
45 b Fk(The)30 b(t)m(yp)s(e)h(of)f(the)h(option)f(giv)m(en)g(in)f(the)i
(follo)m(wing)e(OptionV)-8 b(alue)29 b(\014eld.)-125
2928 y Fn(OptionLength)45 b Fk(The)30 b(length)g(of)h(the)f(OptionV)-8
b(alue)30 b(\014eld)e(in)i(b)m(ytes.)-125 3116 y Fn(OptionV)-9
b(alue)46 b Fk(A)30 b(v)-5 b(ariable)29 b(length)h(\014eld,)f(carrying)
h(the)h(v)-5 b(alue)29 b(of)i(the)g(option.)-125 3328
y(The)f(Option)f(\014elds)g(ma)m(y)i(con)m(tain)g(the)f(follo)m(wing)f
(v)-5 b(alues:)12 3516 y Fd(\017)46 b Fk(OptionT)m(yp)s(e)31
b(=)i(1;)i(OptionLength)d(=)h(2;)j(OptionV)-8 b(alue)32
b(=)h(Holdtime;)h(where)e(Holdtime)h(is)f(the)i(amoun)m(t)f(of)103
3629 y(time)d(a)h(receiv)m(er)h(m)m(ust)e(k)m(eep)i(the)f(neigh)m(b)s
(or)e(reac)m(hable,)j(in)d(seconds.)42 b(If)30 b(the)h(Holdtime)f(is)g
(set)i(to)f(`0x\013\013)7 b(',)32 b(the)103 3742 y(receiv)m(er)e(of)g
(this)e(message)j(nev)m(er)f(times)f(out)h(the)g(neigh)m(b)s(or.)39
b(This)27 b(ma)m(y)k(b)s(e)e(used)f(with)h(ISDN)g(lines,)g(to)h(a)m(v)m
(oid)103 3854 y(k)m(eeping)35 b(the)h(link)d(up)i(with)f(p)s(erio)s
(dic)f(Hello)i(messages.)57 b(F)-8 b(urthermore,)37 b(if)d(the)i
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b(is)i(timed)f(out)i(immediately)-8 b(.)12 4155 y Fd(\017)46
b Fk(OptionT)m(yp)s(e)28 b(2)j(to)g(16:)42 b(reserv)m(ed)12
4343 y Fd(\017)k Fk(The)30 b(rest)g(of)h(the)f(OptionT)m(yp)s(es)f(are)
h(de\014ned)g(in)f(another)h(do)s(cumen)m(t.)17 4530
y(In)f(general,)i(options)f(ma)m(y)h(b)s(e)e(ignored;)h(but)g(a)g
(router)h(m)m(ust)f(not)h(ignore)f(the)g('Holdtime')g(OptionT)m(yp)s
(e.")p eop
%%Page: 34 35
34 34 bop -125 -149 a Fh(draft-ietf-idmr-PIM-SM-sp)s(ec-10.ps)2673
b Fk(34)-125 149 y Fe(4.3)113 b(Register)36 b(Message)-125
321 y Fk(A)43 b(Register)f(message)i(is)d(sen)m(t)i(b)m(y)f(the)g(DR)h
(or)f(a)g(PMBR)h(to)g(the)f(RP)g(when)g(a)g(m)m(ulticast)g(pac)m(k)m
(et)i(needs)e(to)h(b)s(e)-125 434 y(transmitted)28 b(on)h(the)f
(RP-tree.)41 b(Source)28 b(address)g(is)f(set)i(to)g(the)g(address)f
(of)g(the)h(DR,)g(destination)e(address)h(is)f(to)i(the)-125
547 y(RP's)i(address.)-29 759 y Fa(0)906 b(1)h(2)g(3)-29
872 y(0)47 b(1)h(2)f(3)h(4)f(5)h(6)f(7)h(8)f(9)g(0)h(1)f(2)h(3)f(4)h(5)
f(6)h(7)f(8)h(9)f(0)g(1)h(2)f(3)h(4)f(5)h(6)f(7)h(8)f(9)h(0)f(1)-77
985 y(+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+)o(-+-+)o(-+-)o(+-+-)o(+-+-)o(+-+)o
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b(|)47 b(Reserved)284 b(|)525 b(Checksum)571 b(|)-77
1211 y(+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+)o(-+-+)o(-+-)o(+-+-)o(+-+-)o(+-+)o
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b(Reserved)1334 b(|)-77 1437 y(+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+)o(-+-+)o(-+-)o
(+-+-)o(+-+-)o(+-+)o(-+-+)o(-+-+)o(-+-)o(+-+-)o(+-+-)o(+-+)-77
1550 y(|)3007 b(|)-77 1663 y(~)1050 b(Multicast)45 b(data)i(packet)953
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(-+-)o(+-+-)o(+-+-)o(+-+)o(-+-+)o(-+-+)o(-+-)o(+-+-)o(+-+-)o(+-+)-125
2101 y Fn(PIM)36 b(V)-9 b(ersion,)35 b(T)m(yp)s(e,)g(Reserv)m(ed,)h
(Chec)m(ksum)45 b Fk(Describ)s(ed)33 b(ab)s(o)m(v)m(e.)51
b Ff(Note)36 b(that)h(the)f(che)-5 b(cksum)36 b(for)g(R)-5
b(e)g(gisters)103 2214 y(is)32 b(done)i(only)f(on)g(the)g(PIM)f(he)-5
b(ader,)34 b(excluding)f(the)g(data)h(p)-5 b(acket)33
b(p)-5 b(ortion.)-125 2402 y Fn(B)46 b Fk(The)30 b(Border)g(bit.)39
b(If)30 b(the)g(router)g(is)f(a)i(DR)f(for)g(a)g(source)h(that)f(it)g
(is)f(directly)g(connected)i(to,)g(it)e(sets)i(the)f(B)h(bit)e(to)103
2515 y(0.)41 b(If)30 b(the)g(router)h(is)e(a)i(PMBR)g(for)f(a)g(source)
h(in)e(a)i(directly)e(connected)i(cloud,)f(it)g(sets)g(the)h(B)g(bit)e
(to)i(1.)-125 2702 y Fn(N)46 b Fk(The)36 b(Null-Register)f(bit.)58
b(Set)37 b(to)g(1)g(b)m(y)g(a)f(DR)h(that)g(is)f(probing)f(the)h(RP)h
(b)s(efore)f(expiring)e(its)i(lo)s(cal)g(Register-)103
2815 y(Suppression)27 b(timer.)40 b(Set)31 b(to)g(0)f(otherwise.)-125
3003 y Fn(Multicast)36 b(data)e(pac)m(k)m(et)46 b Fk(The)29
b(original)g(pac)m(k)m(et)j(sen)m(t)f(b)m(y)f(the)h(source.)-125
3215 y(F)-8 b(or)30 b(\(S,G\))g(n)m(ull)d(Registers,)i(the)h(Multicast)
e(data)i(pac)m(k)m(et)h(p)s(ortion)d(con)m(tains)h(only)f(a)h(dumm)m(y)
f(header)h(with)f(S)g(as)h(the)-125 3328 y(source)i(address,)f(G)g(as)h
(the)g(destination)e(address,)h(and)f(a)i(data)g(length)f(of)g(zero.)p
eop
%%Page: 35 36
35 35 bop -125 -149 a Fh(draft-ietf-idmr-PIM-SM-sp)s(ec-10.ps)2673
b Fk(35)-125 149 y Fe(4.4)113 b(Register-Stop)36 b(Message)-125
321 y Fk(A)j(Register-Stop)g(is)e(unicast)g(from)h(the)h(RP)f(to)h(the)
f(sender)g(of)h(the)f(Register)h(message.)65 b(Source)38
b(address)g(is)f(the)-125 434 y(address)g(to)h(whic)m(h)e(the)i
(register)f(w)m(as)h(addressed.)61 b(Destination)37 b(address)f(is)h
(the)g(source)h(address)e(of)i(the)g(register)-125 547
y(message.)-29 759 y Fa(0)906 b(1)h(2)g(3)-29 872 y(0)47
b(1)h(2)f(3)h(4)f(5)h(6)f(7)h(8)f(9)g(0)h(1)f(2)h(3)f(4)h(5)f(6)h(7)f
(8)h(9)f(0)g(1)h(2)f(3)h(4)f(5)h(6)f(7)h(8)f(9)h(0)f(1)-77
985 y(+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+)o(-+-+)o(-+-)o(+-+-)o(+-+-)o(+-+)o
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b(|)47 b(Reserved)284 b(|)525 b(Checksum)571 b(|)-77
1211 y(+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+)o(-+-+)o(-+-)o(+-+-)o(+-+-)o(+-+)o
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(+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+)o(-+-+)o(-+-)o(+-+-)o(+-+-)o(+-+)o(-+-+)o
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(Encoded-Unicast-Source)42 b(Address)619 b(|)-77 1663
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(the)g(message)i(is)e(sen)m(t)h(for)f(a)h(single)103
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(indicate)e(an)m(y)i(source.)p eop
%%Page: 36 37
36 36 bop -125 -149 a Fh(draft-ietf-idmr-PIM-SM-sp)s(ec-10.ps)2673
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y(|)716 b(Encoded-Pruned)44 b(Source)i(Address-1)809
b(|)p eop
%%Page: 37 38
37 37 bop -125 -149 a Fh(draft-ietf-idmr-PIM-SM-sp)s(ec-10.ps)2673
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y(Holdtime)32 b(is)h(set)h(to)g(`0x\013\013)7 b(',)36
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b(F)-8 b(urthermore,)103 1865 y(if)29 b(the)i(Holdtime)e(is)h(set)g(to)
i(`0',)f(the)g(information)d(is)i(timed)f(out)i(immediately)-8
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2616 y Fn(Num)m(b)s(er)34 b(of)h(Joined)h(Sources)46
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(a)h(giv)m(en)f(group.)-125 2790 y Fn(Join)36 b(Source)f(Address-1)h
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y Fc(<)25 b Fk(0)h Fc(><)f Fk(0)g Fc(><)g Fk(16)h Fc(><)f
Fk(192)p Fc(:)p Fk(1)p Fc(:)p Fk(0)p Fc(:)p Fk(0)j Fc(>)p
eop
%%Page: 38 39
38 38 bop -125 -149 a Fh(draft-ietf-idmr-PIM-SM-sp)s(ec-10.ps)2673
b Fk(38)-125 149 y Fn(Num)m(b)s(er)34 b(of)h(Pruned)h(Sources)47
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(included)e(in)h(the)h(same)h(pac)m(k)m(et.)p eop
%%Page: 39 40
39 39 bop -125 -149 a Fh(draft-ietf-idmr-PIM-SM-sp)s(ec-10.ps)2673
b Fk(39)-125 149 y Fe(4.6)113 b(Bo)s(otstrap)37 b(Message)-125
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1324 y(+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+)o(-+-+)o(-+-)o(+-+-)o(+-+-)o(+-+)o
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(-+-+)o(-+-+)o(-+-)o(+-+-)o(+-+-)o(+-+)p eop
%%Page: 40 41
40 40 bop -125 -149 a Fh(draft-ietf-idmr-PIM-SM-sp)s(ec-10.ps)2673
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%%BeginDocument: legend.ps
%
% Frame ps_prolog 4.0, for use with Frame 4.0 products
% This ps_prolog file is Copyright (c) 1986-1993 Frame Technology
% Corporation.  All rights reserved.  This ps_prolog file may be
% freely copied and distributed in conjunction with documents created
% using FrameMaker, FrameBuilder and FrameViewer as long as this 
% copyright notice is preserved.
%
% Frame products normally print colors as their true color on a color printer
% or as shades of gray, based on luminance, on a black-and white printer. The
% following flag, if set to True, forces all non-white colors to print as pure
% black. This has no effect on bitmap images.
/FMPrintAllColorsAsBlack             false def
%
% Frame products can either set their own line screens or use a printer's 
% default settings. Three flags below control this separately for no 
% separations, spot separations and process separations. If a flag
% is true, then the default printer settings will not be changed. If it is
% false, Frame products will use their own settings from a table based on
% the printer's resolution.
/FMUseDefaultNoSeparationScreen      true  def
/FMUseDefaultSpotSeparationScreen    true  def
/FMUseDefaultProcessSeparationScreen false def
%
% For any given PostScript printer resolution, Frame products have two sets of 
% screen angles and frequencies for printing process separations, which are 
% recomended by Adobe. The following variable chooses the higher frequencies
% when set to true or the lower frequencies when set to false. This is only
% effective if the appropriate FMUseDefault...SeparationScreen flag is false.
/FMUseHighFrequencyScreens true def
%
% PostScript Level 2 printers contain an "Accurate Screens" feature which can
% improve process separation rendering at the expense of compute time. This 
% flag is ignored by PostScript Level 1 printers.
/FMUseAcccurateScreens true def
%
% The following PostScript procedure defines the spot function that Frame
% products will use for process separations. You may un-comment-out one of
% the alternative functions below, or use your own.
%
% Dot function
/FMSpotFunction {abs exch abs 2 copy add 1 gt 
		{1 sub dup mul exch 1 sub dup mul add 1 sub }
		{dup mul exch dup mul add 1 exch sub }ifelse } def
%
% Line function
% /FMSpotFunction { pop } def
%
% Elipse function
% /FMSpotFunction { dup 5 mul 8 div mul exch dup mul exch add 
%		sqrt 1 exch sub } def
%
%
/FMversion (4.0) def 
/FMLevel1 /languagelevel where {pop languagelevel} {1} ifelse 2 lt def
/FMPColor
	FMLevel1 {
		false
		/colorimage where {pop pop true} if
	} {
		true
	} ifelse
def
/FrameDict 400 dict def 
systemdict /errordict known not {/errordict 10 dict def
		errordict /rangecheck {stop} put} if
% The readline in PS 23.0 doesn't recognize cr's as nl's on AppleTalk
FrameDict /tmprangecheck errordict /rangecheck get put 
errordict /rangecheck {FrameDict /bug true put} put 
FrameDict /bug false put 
mark 
% Some PS machines read past the CR, so keep the following 3 lines together!
currentfile 5 string readline
00
0000000000
cleartomark 
errordict /rangecheck FrameDict /tmprangecheck get put 
FrameDict /bug get { 
	/readline {
		/gstring exch def
		/gfile exch def
		/gindex 0 def
		{
			gfile read pop 
			dup 10 eq {exit} if 
			dup 13 eq {exit} if 
			gstring exch gindex exch put 
			/gindex gindex 1 add def 
		} loop
		pop 
		gstring 0 gindex getinterval true 
		} bind def
	} if
/FMshowpage /showpage load def
/FMquit /quit load def
/FMFAILURE { 
	dup = flush 
	FMshowpage 
	/Helvetica findfont 12 scalefont setfont
	72 200 moveto
	show FMshowpage 
	FMquit 
	} def 
/FMVERSION {
	FMversion ne {
		(Frame product version does not match ps_prolog!) FMFAILURE
		} if
	} def 
/FMBADEPSF { 
	(PostScript Lang. Ref. Man., 2nd Ed., H.2.4 says EPS must not call X              )
	dup dup (X) search pop exch pop exch pop length 
	4 -1 roll 
	putinterval 
	FMFAILURE
	} def
/FMLOCAL {
	FrameDict begin
	0 def 
	end 
	} def 
/concatprocs
	{
	/proc2 exch cvlit def/proc1 exch cvlit def/newproc proc1 length proc2 length add array def
	newproc 0 proc1 putinterval newproc proc1 length proc2 putinterval newproc cvx
}def
FrameDict begin 
/FMnone 0 def
/FMcyan 1 def
/FMmagenta 2 def
/FMyellow 3 def
/FMblack 4 def
/FMcustom 5 def
/FrameNegative false def 
/FrameSepIs FMnone def 
/FrameSepBlack 0 def
/FrameSepYellow 0 def
/FrameSepMagenta 0 def
/FrameSepCyan 0 def
/FrameSepRed 1 def
/FrameSepGreen 1 def
/FrameSepBlue 1 def
/FrameCurGray 1 def
/FrameCurPat null def
/FrameCurColors [ 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 ] def 
/FrameColorEpsilon .001 def	
/eqepsilon {		
	sub dup 0 lt {neg} if
	FrameColorEpsilon le
} bind def
/FrameCmpColorsCMYK { 
	2 copy 0 get exch 0 get eqepsilon {
		2 copy 1 get exch 1 get eqepsilon {
			2 copy 2 get exch 2 get eqepsilon {
				3 get exch 3 get eqepsilon
			} {pop pop false} ifelse
		}{pop pop false} ifelse
	} {pop pop false} ifelse
} bind def
/FrameCmpColorsRGB { 
	2 copy 4 get exch 0 get eqepsilon {
		2 copy 5 get exch 1 get eqepsilon {
			6 get exch 2 get eqepsilon
		}{pop pop false} ifelse
	} {pop pop false} ifelse
} bind def
/RGBtoCMYK { 
	1 exch sub 
	3 1 roll 
	1 exch sub 
	3 1 roll 
	1 exch sub 
	3 1 roll 
	3 copy 
	2 copy 
	le { pop } { exch pop } ifelse 
	2 copy 
	le { pop } { exch pop } ifelse 
	dup dup dup 
	6 1 roll 
	4 1 roll 
	7 1 roll 
	sub 
	6 1 roll 
	sub 
	5 1 roll 
	sub 
	4 1 roll 
} bind def
/CMYKtoRGB { 
	dup dup 4 -1 roll add 						  
	5 1 roll 3 -1 roll add 						  
	4 1 roll add 								  
	1 exch sub dup 0 lt {pop 0} if 3 1 roll 	  
	1 exch sub dup 0 lt {pop 0} if exch 	      
	1 exch sub dup 0 lt {pop 0} if exch	  		  
} bind def
/FrameSepInit {
	1.0 RealSetgray
} bind def
/FrameSetSepColor { 
	/FrameSepBlue exch def
	/FrameSepGreen exch def
	/FrameSepRed exch def
	/FrameSepBlack exch def
	/FrameSepYellow exch def
	/FrameSepMagenta exch def
	/FrameSepCyan exch def
	/FrameSepIs FMcustom def
	setCurrentScreen	
} bind def
/FrameSetCyan {
	/FrameSepBlue 1.0 def
	/FrameSepGreen 1.0 def
	/FrameSepRed 0.0 def
	/FrameSepBlack 0.0 def
	/FrameSepYellow 0.0 def
	/FrameSepMagenta 0.0 def
	/FrameSepCyan 1.0 def
	/FrameSepIs FMcyan def
	setCurrentScreen	
} bind def
 
/FrameSetMagenta {
	/FrameSepBlue 1.0 def
	/FrameSepGreen 0.0 def
	/FrameSepRed 1.0 def
	/FrameSepBlack 0.0 def
	/FrameSepYellow 0.0 def
	/FrameSepMagenta 1.0 def
	/FrameSepCyan 0.0 def
	/FrameSepIs FMmagenta def
	setCurrentScreen
} bind def
 
/FrameSetYellow {
	/FrameSepBlue 0.0 def
	/FrameSepGreen 1.0 def
	/FrameSepRed 1.0 def
	/FrameSepBlack 0.0 def
	/FrameSepYellow 1.0 def
	/FrameSepMagenta 0.0 def
	/FrameSepCyan 0.0 def
	/FrameSepIs FMyellow def
	setCurrentScreen
} bind def
 
/FrameSetBlack {
	/FrameSepBlue 0.0 def
	/FrameSepGreen 0.0 def
	/FrameSepRed 0.0 def
	/FrameSepBlack 1.0 def
	/FrameSepYellow 0.0 def
	/FrameSepMagenta 0.0 def
	/FrameSepCyan 0.0 def
	/FrameSepIs FMblack def
	setCurrentScreen
} bind def
 
/FrameNoSep { 
	/FrameSepIs FMnone def
	setCurrentScreen
} bind def
/FrameSetSepColors { 
	FrameDict begin
	[ exch 1 add 1 roll ]
	/FrameSepColors  
	exch def end
	} bind def
/FrameColorInSepListCMYK { 
	FrameSepColors {  
       		exch dup 3 -1 roll 
       		FrameCmpColorsCMYK 
       		{ pop true exit } if
    	} forall 
	dup true ne {pop false} if
	} bind def
/FrameColorInSepListRGB { 
	FrameSepColors {  
       		exch dup 3 -1 roll 
       		FrameCmpColorsRGB 
       		{ pop true exit } if
    	} forall 
	dup true ne {pop false} if
	} bind def
/RealSetgray /setgray load def
/RealSetrgbcolor /setrgbcolor load def
/RealSethsbcolor /sethsbcolor load def
end 
/setgray { 
	FrameDict begin
	FrameSepIs FMnone eq
		{ RealSetgray } 
		{ 
		FrameSepIs FMblack eq 
			{ RealSetgray } 
			{ FrameSepIs FMcustom eq 
			  FrameSepRed 0 eq and
			  FrameSepGreen 0 eq and
			  FrameSepBlue 0 eq and {
			  	RealSetgray
			  } {
				1 RealSetgray pop 
			  } ifelse
			} ifelse
		} ifelse
	end
} bind def
/setrgbcolor { 
	FrameDict begin
	FrameSepIs FMnone eq
	{  RealSetrgbcolor }
	{
		3 copy [ 4 1 roll ] 
		FrameColorInSepListRGB
		{
				FrameSepBlue eq exch 
			 	FrameSepGreen eq and exch 
			 	FrameSepRed eq and
			 	{ 0 } { 1 } ifelse
		}
		{
			FMPColor {
				RealSetrgbcolor
				currentcmykcolor
			} {
				RGBtoCMYK
			} ifelse
			FrameSepIs FMblack eq
			{1.0 exch sub 4 1 roll pop pop pop} {
			FrameSepIs FMyellow eq
			{pop 1.0 exch sub 3 1 roll pop pop} {
			FrameSepIs FMmagenta eq
			{pop pop 1.0 exch sub exch pop } {
			FrameSepIs FMcyan eq
			{pop pop pop 1.0 exch sub } 
			{pop pop pop pop 1} ifelse } ifelse } ifelse } ifelse 
		} ifelse
		RealSetgray
	} 
	ifelse
	end
} bind def
/sethsbcolor {
	FrameDict begin
	FrameSepIs FMnone eq 
	{ RealSethsbcolor } 
	{
		RealSethsbcolor 
		currentrgbcolor  
		setrgbcolor 
	} 
	ifelse
	end
} bind def
FrameDict begin
/setcmykcolor where {
	pop /RealSetcmykcolor /setcmykcolor load def
} {
	/RealSetcmykcolor {
		4 1 roll
		3 { 3 index add 0 max 1 min 1 exch sub 3 1 roll} repeat 
		setrgbcolor pop
	} bind def
} ifelse
userdict /setcmykcolor { 
		FrameDict begin
		FrameSepIs FMnone eq
		{ RealSetcmykcolor } 
		{
			4 copy [ 5 1 roll ]
			FrameColorInSepListCMYK
			{
				FrameSepBlack eq exch 
				FrameSepYellow eq and exch 
				FrameSepMagenta eq and exch 
				FrameSepCyan eq and 
				{ 0 } { 1 } ifelse
			}
			{
				FrameSepIs FMblack eq
				{1.0 exch sub 4 1 roll pop pop pop} {
				FrameSepIs FMyellow eq
				{pop 1.0 exch sub 3 1 roll pop pop} {
				FrameSepIs FMmagenta eq
				{pop pop 1.0 exch sub exch pop } {
				FrameSepIs FMcyan eq
				{pop pop pop 1.0 exch sub } 
				{pop pop pop pop 1} ifelse } ifelse } ifelse } ifelse 
			} ifelse
			RealSetgray
		}
		ifelse
		end
	} bind put
FMLevel1 not { 
	
	/patProcDict 5 dict dup begin
		<0f1e3c78f0e1c387> { 3 setlinewidth -1 -1 moveto 9 9 lineto stroke 
											4 -4 moveto 12 4 lineto stroke
											-4 4 moveto 4 12 lineto stroke} bind def
		<0f87c3e1f0783c1e> { 3 setlinewidth -1 9 moveto 9 -1 lineto stroke 
											-4 4 moveto 4 -4 lineto stroke
											4 12 moveto 12 4 lineto stroke} bind def
		<8142241818244281> { 1 setlinewidth -1 9 moveto 9 -1 lineto stroke
											-1 -1 moveto 9 9 lineto stroke } bind def
		<03060c183060c081> { 1 setlinewidth -1 -1 moveto 9 9 lineto stroke 
											4 -4 moveto 12 4 lineto stroke
											-4 4 moveto 4 12 lineto stroke} bind def
		<8040201008040201> { 1 setlinewidth -1 9 moveto 9 -1 lineto stroke 
											-4 4 moveto 4 -4 lineto stroke
											4 12 moveto 12 4 lineto stroke} bind def
	end def
	/patDict 15 dict dup begin
		/PatternType 1 def		
		/PaintType 2 def		
		/TilingType 3 def		
		/BBox [ 0 0 8 8 ] def 	
		/XStep 8 def			
		/YStep 8 def			
		/PaintProc {
			begin
			patProcDict bstring known {
				patProcDict bstring get exec
			} {
				8 8 true [1 0 0 -1 0 8] bstring imagemask
			} ifelse
			end
		} bind def
	end def
} if
/combineColor {
    FrameSepIs FMnone eq
	{
		graymode FMLevel1 or not {
			
			[/Pattern [/DeviceCMYK]] setcolorspace
			FrameCurColors 0 4 getinterval aload pop FrameCurPat setcolor
		} {
			FrameCurColors 3 get 1.0 ge {
				FrameCurGray RealSetgray
			} {
				FMPColor graymode and {
					0 1 3 { 
						FrameCurColors exch get
						1 FrameCurGray sub mul
					} for
					RealSetcmykcolor
				} {
					4 1 6 {
						FrameCurColors exch get
						graymode {
							1 exch sub 1 FrameCurGray sub mul 1 exch sub
						} {
							1.0 lt {FrameCurGray} {1} ifelse
						} ifelse
					} for
					RealSetrgbcolor
				} ifelse
			} ifelse
		} ifelse
	} { 
		FrameCurColors 0 4 getinterval aload
		FrameColorInSepListCMYK {
			FrameSepBlack eq exch 
			FrameSepYellow eq and exch 
			FrameSepMagenta eq and exch 
			FrameSepCyan eq and
			FrameSepIs FMcustom eq and
			{ FrameCurGray } { 1 } ifelse
		} {
			FrameSepIs FMblack eq
			{FrameCurGray 1.0 exch sub mul 1.0 exch sub 4 1 roll pop pop pop} {
			FrameSepIs FMyellow eq
			{pop FrameCurGray 1.0 exch sub mul 1.0 exch sub 3 1 roll pop pop} {
			FrameSepIs FMmagenta eq
			{pop pop FrameCurGray 1.0 exch sub mul 1.0 exch sub exch pop } {
			FrameSepIs FMcyan eq
			{pop pop pop FrameCurGray 1.0 exch sub mul 1.0 exch sub } 
			{pop pop pop pop 1} ifelse } ifelse } ifelse } ifelse 
		} ifelse
		graymode FMLevel1 or not {
			
			[/Pattern [/DeviceGray]] setcolorspace
			FrameCurPat setcolor
		} { 
			graymode not FMLevel1 and {
				
				dup 1 lt {pop FrameCurGray} if
			} if
			RealSetgray
		} ifelse
	} ifelse
} bind def
/savematrix {
	orgmatrix currentmatrix pop
	} bind def
/restorematrix {
	orgmatrix setmatrix
	} bind def
/dmatrix matrix def
/dpi    72 0 dmatrix defaultmatrix dtransform
    dup mul exch   dup mul add   sqrt def
	
/freq dpi dup 72 div round dup 0 eq {pop 1} if 8 mul div def
/sangle 1 0 dmatrix defaultmatrix dtransform exch atan def
/dpiranges   [  2540    2400    1693     1270    1200     635      600      0      ] def
/CMLowFreqs  [ 100.402  94.8683 89.2289 100.402  94.8683  66.9349  63.2456 47.4342 ] def
/YLowFreqs   [  95.25   90.0    84.65    95.25   90.0     70.5556  66.6667 50.0    ] def
/KLowFreqs   [  89.8026 84.8528 79.8088  89.8026 84.8528  74.8355  70.7107 53.033  ] def
/CLowAngles  [  71.5651 71.5651 71.5651 71.5651  71.5651  71.5651  71.5651 71.5651 ] def
/MLowAngles  [  18.4349 18.4349 18.4349 18.4349  18.4349  18.4349  18.4349 18.4349 ] def
/YLowTDot    [  true    true    false    true    true     false    false   false   ] def
/CMHighFreqs [ 133.87  126.491 133.843  108.503 102.523  100.402   94.8683 63.2456 ] def
/YHighFreqs  [ 127.0   120.0   126.975  115.455 109.091   95.25    90.0    60.0    ] def
/KHighFreqs  [ 119.737 113.137 119.713  128.289 121.218   89.8026  84.8528 63.6395 ] def
/CHighAngles [  71.5651 71.5651 71.5651  70.0169 70.0169  71.5651  71.5651 71.5651 ] def
/MHighAngles [  18.4349 18.4349 18.4349  19.9831 19.9831  18.4349  18.4349 18.4349 ] def
/YHighTDot   [  false   false   true     false   false    true     true    false   ] def
/PatFreq     [	10.5833 10.0     9.4055  10.5833 10.0	  10.5833  10.0	   9.375   ] def
/screenIndex {
	0 1 dpiranges length 1 sub { dup dpiranges exch get 1 sub dpi le {exit} {pop} ifelse } for
} bind def
/getCyanScreen {
	FMUseHighFrequencyScreens { CHighAngles CMHighFreqs} {CLowAngles CMLowFreqs} ifelse
		screenIndex dup 3 1 roll get 3 1 roll get /FMSpotFunction load
} bind def
/getMagentaScreen {
	FMUseHighFrequencyScreens { MHighAngles CMHighFreqs } {MLowAngles CMLowFreqs} ifelse
		screenIndex dup 3 1 roll get 3 1 roll get /FMSpotFunction load
} bind def
/getYellowScreen {
	FMUseHighFrequencyScreens { YHighTDot YHighFreqs} { YLowTDot YLowFreqs } ifelse
		screenIndex dup 3 1 roll get 3 1 roll get { 3 div
			{2 { 1 add 2 div 3 mul dup floor sub 2 mul 1 sub exch} repeat
			FMSpotFunction } } {/FMSpotFunction load } ifelse
			0.0 exch
} bind def
/getBlackScreen  {
	FMUseHighFrequencyScreens { KHighFreqs } { KLowFreqs } ifelse
		screenIndex get 45.0 /FMSpotFunction load 
} bind def
/getSpotScreen {
	getBlackScreen
} bind def
/getCompositeScreen {
	getBlackScreen
} bind def
/FMSetScreen 
	FMLevel1 { /setscreen load 
	}{ {
		8 dict begin
		/HalftoneType 1 def
		/SpotFunction exch def
		/Angle exch def
		/Frequency exch def
		/AccurateScreens FMUseAcccurateScreens def
		currentdict end sethalftone
	} bind } ifelse
def
/setDefaultScreen {
	FMPColor {
		orgrxfer cvx orggxfer cvx orgbxfer cvx orgxfer cvx setcolortransfer
	}
	{
		orgxfer cvx settransfer
	} ifelse
	orgfreq organgle orgproc cvx setscreen
} bind def
/setCurrentScreen {
	FrameSepIs FMnone eq {
		FMUseDefaultNoSeparationScreen {
			setDefaultScreen
		} {
			getCompositeScreen FMSetScreen
		} ifelse
	} {
		FrameSepIs FMcustom eq {
			FMUseDefaultSpotSeparationScreen {
				setDefaultScreen
			} {
				getSpotScreen FMSetScreen
			} ifelse
		} {
			FMUseDefaultProcessSeparationScreen {
				setDefaultScreen
			} {
				FrameSepIs FMcyan eq {
					getCyanScreen FMSetScreen
				} {
					FrameSepIs FMmagenta eq {
						getMagentaScreen FMSetScreen
					} {
						FrameSepIs FMyellow eq {
							getYellowScreen FMSetScreen
						} {
							getBlackScreen FMSetScreen
						} ifelse
					} ifelse
				} ifelse
			} ifelse
		} ifelse
	} ifelse 
} bind def
end
	/gstring FMLOCAL
	/gfile FMLOCAL
	/gindex FMLOCAL
	/orgrxfer FMLOCAL
	/orggxfer FMLOCAL
	/orgbxfer FMLOCAL
	/orgxfer FMLOCAL
	/orgproc FMLOCAL
	/orgrproc FMLOCAL
	/orggproc FMLOCAL
	/orgbproc FMLOCAL
	/organgle FMLOCAL
	/orgrangle FMLOCAL
	/orggangle FMLOCAL
	/orgbangle FMLOCAL
	/orgfreq FMLOCAL
	/orgrfreq FMLOCAL
	/orggfreq FMLOCAL
	/orgbfreq FMLOCAL
	/yscale FMLOCAL
	/xscale FMLOCAL
	/edown FMLOCAL
	/manualfeed FMLOCAL
	/paperheight FMLOCAL
	/paperwidth FMLOCAL
/FMDOCUMENT { 
	array /FMfonts exch def 
	/#copies exch def
	FrameDict begin
	0 ne /manualfeed exch def
	/paperheight exch def
	/paperwidth exch def
	0 ne /FrameNegative exch def 
	0 ne /edown exch def 
	/yscale exch def
	/xscale exch def
	FMLevel1 {
		manualfeed {setmanualfeed} if
		/FMdicttop countdictstack 1 add def 
		/FMoptop count def 
		setpapername 
		manualfeed {true} {papersize} ifelse 
		{manualpapersize} {false} ifelse 
		{desperatepapersize} {false} ifelse 
		{ (Can't select requested paper size for Frame print job!) FMFAILURE } if
		count -1 FMoptop {pop pop} for
		countdictstack -1 FMdicttop {pop end} for 
		}
		{{}stopped
		{ (Can't select requested paper size for Frame print job!) FMFAILURE } if
		 { } stopped pop }
	ifelse 
	
	FMPColor {
		currentcolorscreen
			cvlit /orgproc exch def
				  /organgle exch def 
				  /orgfreq exch def
			cvlit /orgbproc exch def
				  /orgbangle exch def 
				  /orgbfreq exch def
			cvlit /orggproc exch def
				  /orggangle exch def 
				  /orggfreq exch def
			cvlit /orgrproc exch def
				  /orgrangle exch def 
				  /orgrfreq exch def
			currentcolortransfer 
			FrameNegative {
				1 1 4 { 
					pop { 1 exch sub } concatprocs 4 1 roll
				} for
				4 copy
				setcolortransfer
			} if
			cvlit /orgxfer exch def
			cvlit /orgbxfer exch def
			cvlit /orggxfer exch def
			cvlit /orgrxfer exch def
	} {
		currentscreen 
			cvlit /orgproc exch def
				  /organgle exch def 
				  /orgfreq exch def
				  
		currenttransfer 
		FrameNegative {
			{ 1 exch sub } concatprocs
			dup settransfer
		} if 
		cvlit /orgxfer exch def
	} ifelse
	end 
} def 
/pagesave FMLOCAL
/orgmatrix FMLOCAL
/landscape FMLOCAL
/pwid FMLOCAL
/FMBEGINPAGE { 
	FrameDict begin 
	/pagesave save def
	3.86 setmiterlimit
	/landscape exch 0 ne def
	landscape { 
		90 rotate 0 exch dup /pwid exch def neg translate pop 
	}{
		pop /pwid exch def
	} ifelse
	edown { [-1 0 0 1 pwid 0] concat } if
	
	
	xscale yscale scale
	/orgmatrix matrix def
	gsave 
} def 
/FMENDPAGE {
	grestore 
	pagesave restore
	end 
	showpage
	} def 
/FMFONTDEFINE { 
	FrameDict begin
	findfont 
	ReEncode 
	1 index exch 
	definefont 
	FMfonts 3 1 roll 
	put
	end 
	} def 
/FMFILLS {
	FrameDict begin dup
	array /fillvals exch def
	dict /patCache exch def
	end 
	} def 
/FMFILL {
	FrameDict begin
	 fillvals 3 1 roll put
	end 
	} def 
/FMNORMALIZEGRAPHICS { 
	newpath
	0.0 0.0 moveto
	1 setlinewidth
	0 setlinecap
	0 0 0 sethsbcolor
	0 setgray 
	} bind def
	/fx FMLOCAL
	/fy FMLOCAL
	/fh FMLOCAL
	/fw FMLOCAL
	/llx FMLOCAL
	/lly FMLOCAL
	/urx FMLOCAL
	/ury FMLOCAL
/FMBEGINEPSF { 
	end 
	/FMEPSF save def 
	/showpage {} def 
% See Adobe's "PostScript Language Reference Manual, 2nd Edition", page 714.
% "...the following operators MUST NOT be used in an EPS file:" (emphasis ours)
	/banddevice {(banddevice) FMBADEPSF} def
	/clear {(clear) FMBADEPSF} def
	/cleardictstack {(cleardictstack) FMBADEPSF} def 
	/copypage {(copypage) FMBADEPSF} def
	/erasepage {(erasepage) FMBADEPSF} def
	/exitserver {(exitserver) FMBADEPSF} def
	/framedevice {(framedevice) FMBADEPSF} def
	/grestoreall {(grestoreall) FMBADEPSF} def
	/initclip {(initclip) FMBADEPSF} def
	/initgraphics {(initgraphics) FMBADEPSF} def
	/initmatrix {(initmatrix) FMBADEPSF} def
	/quit {(quit) FMBADEPSF} def
	/renderbands {(renderbands) FMBADEPSF} def
	/setglobal {(setglobal) FMBADEPSF} def
	/setpagedevice {(setpagedevice) FMBADEPSF} def
	/setshared {(setshared) FMBADEPSF} def
	/startjob {(startjob) FMBADEPSF} def
	/lettertray {(lettertray) FMBADEPSF} def
	/letter {(letter) FMBADEPSF} def
	/lettersmall {(lettersmall) FMBADEPSF} def
	/11x17tray {(11x17tray) FMBADEPSF} def
	/11x17 {(11x17) FMBADEPSF} def
	/ledgertray {(ledgertray) FMBADEPSF} def
	/ledger {(ledger) FMBADEPSF} def
	/legaltray {(legaltray) FMBADEPSF} def
	/legal {(legal) FMBADEPSF} def
	/statementtray {(statementtray) FMBADEPSF} def
	/statement {(statement) FMBADEPSF} def
	/executivetray {(executivetray) FMBADEPSF} def
	/executive {(executive) FMBADEPSF} def
	/a3tray {(a3tray) FMBADEPSF} def
	/a3 {(a3) FMBADEPSF} def
	/a4tray {(a4tray) FMBADEPSF} def
	/a4 {(a4) FMBADEPSF} def
	/a4small {(a4small) FMBADEPSF} def
	/b4tray {(b4tray) FMBADEPSF} def
	/b4 {(b4) FMBADEPSF} def
	/b5tray {(b5tray) FMBADEPSF} def
	/b5 {(b5) FMBADEPSF} def
	FMNORMALIZEGRAPHICS 
	[/fy /fx /fh /fw /ury /urx /lly /llx] {exch def} forall 
	fx fw 2 div add fy fh 2 div add  translate
	rotate
	fw 2 div neg fh 2 div neg translate
	fw urx llx sub div fh ury lly sub div scale 
	llx neg lly neg translate 
	/FMdicttop countdictstack 1 add def 
	/FMoptop count def 
	} bind def
/FMENDEPSF {
	count -1 FMoptop {pop pop} for 
	countdictstack -1 FMdicttop {pop end} for 
	FMEPSF restore
	FrameDict begin 
	} bind def
FrameDict begin 
/setmanualfeed {
	 statusdict /manualfeed true put
	} bind def
/max {2 copy lt {exch} if pop} bind def
/min {2 copy gt {exch} if pop} bind def
/inch {72 mul} def
/pagedimen { 
	paperheight sub abs 16 lt exch 
	paperwidth sub abs 16 lt and
	{/papername exch def} {pop} ifelse
	} bind def
	/papersizedict FMLOCAL
/setpapername { 
	/papersizedict 14 dict def 
	papersizedict begin
	/papername /unknown def 
		/Letter 8.5 inch 11.0 inch pagedimen
		/LetterSmall 7.68 inch 10.16 inch pagedimen
		/Tabloid 11.0 inch 17.0 inch pagedimen
		/Ledger 17.0 inch 11.0 inch pagedimen
		/Legal 8.5 inch 14.0 inch pagedimen
		/Statement 5.5 inch 8.5 inch pagedimen
		/Executive 7.5 inch 10.0 inch pagedimen
		/A3 11.69 inch 16.5 inch pagedimen
		/A4 8.26 inch 11.69 inch pagedimen
		/A4Small 7.47 inch 10.85 inch pagedimen
		/B4 10.125 inch 14.33 inch pagedimen
		/B5 7.16 inch 10.125 inch pagedimen
	end
	} bind def
/papersize {
	papersizedict begin
		/Letter {lettertray letter} def
		/LetterSmall {lettertray lettersmall} def
		/Tabloid {11x17tray 11x17} def
		/Ledger {ledgertray ledger} def
		/Legal {legaltray legal} def
		/Statement {statementtray statement} def
		/Executive {executivetray executive} def
		/A3 {a3tray a3} def
		/A4 {a4tray a4} def
		/A4Small {a4tray a4small} def
		/B4 {b4tray b4} def
		/B5 {b5tray b5} def
		/unknown {unknown} def
	papersizedict dup papername known {papername} {/unknown} ifelse get
	end
	statusdict begin stopped end 
	} bind def
/manualpapersize {
	papersizedict begin
		/Letter {letter} def
		/LetterSmall {lettersmall} def
		/Tabloid {11x17} def
		/Ledger {ledger} def
		/Legal {legal} def
		/Statement {statement} def
		/Executive {executive} def
		/A3 {a3} def
		/A4 {a4} def
		/A4Small {a4small} def
		/B4 {b4} def
		/B5 {b5} def
		/unknown {unknown} def
	papersizedict dup papername known {papername} {/unknown} ifelse get
	end
	stopped 
	} bind def
/desperatepapersize {
	statusdict /setpageparams known
		{
		paperwidth paperheight 0 1 
		statusdict begin
		{setpageparams} stopped 
		end
		} {true} ifelse 
	} bind def
/DiacriticEncoding [
/.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef
/.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef
/.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef
/.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef
/.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /space /exclam /quotedbl
/numbersign /dollar /percent /ampersand /quotesingle /parenleft
/parenright /asterisk /plus /comma /hyphen /period /slash /zero /one
/two /three /four /five /six /seven /eight /nine /colon /semicolon
/less /equal /greater /question /at /A /B /C /D /E /F /G /H /I /J /K
/L /M /N /O /P /Q /R /S /T /U /V /W /X /Y /Z /bracketleft /backslash
/bracketright /asciicircum /underscore /grave /a /b /c /d /e /f /g /h
/i /j /k /l /m /n /o /p /q /r /s /t /u /v /w /x /y /z /braceleft /bar
/braceright /asciitilde /.notdef /Adieresis /Aring /Ccedilla /Eacute
/Ntilde /Odieresis /Udieresis /aacute /agrave /acircumflex /adieresis
/atilde /aring /ccedilla /eacute /egrave /ecircumflex /edieresis
/iacute /igrave /icircumflex /idieresis /ntilde /oacute /ograve
/ocircumflex /odieresis /otilde /uacute /ugrave /ucircumflex
/udieresis /dagger /.notdef /cent /sterling /section /bullet
/paragraph /germandbls /registered /copyright /trademark /acute
/dieresis /.notdef /AE /Oslash /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef
/yen /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef
/ordfeminine /ordmasculine /.notdef /ae /oslash /questiondown
/exclamdown /logicalnot /.notdef /florin /.notdef /.notdef
/guillemotleft /guillemotright /ellipsis /.notdef /Agrave /Atilde
/Otilde /OE /oe /endash /emdash /quotedblleft /quotedblright
/quoteleft /quoteright /.notdef /.notdef /ydieresis /Ydieresis
/fraction /currency /guilsinglleft /guilsinglright /fi /fl /daggerdbl
/periodcentered /quotesinglbase /quotedblbase /perthousand
/Acircumflex /Ecircumflex /Aacute /Edieresis /Egrave /Iacute
/Icircumflex /Idieresis /Igrave /Oacute /Ocircumflex /.notdef /Ograve
/Uacute /Ucircumflex /Ugrave /dotlessi /circumflex /tilde /macron
/breve /dotaccent /ring /cedilla /hungarumlaut /ogonek /caron
] def
/ReEncode { 
	dup 
	length 
	dict begin 
	{
	1 index /FID ne 
		{def} 
		{pop pop} ifelse 
	} forall 
	0 eq {/Encoding DiacriticEncoding def} if 
	currentdict 
	end 
	} bind def
FMPColor 
	
	{
	/BEGINBITMAPCOLOR { 
		BITMAPCOLOR} def
	/BEGINBITMAPCOLORc { 
		BITMAPCOLORc} def
	/BEGINBITMAPTRUECOLOR { 
		BITMAPTRUECOLOR } def
	/BEGINBITMAPTRUECOLORc { 
		BITMAPTRUECOLORc } def
	}
	
	{
	/BEGINBITMAPCOLOR { 
		BITMAPGRAY} def
	/BEGINBITMAPCOLORc { 
		BITMAPGRAYc} def
	/BEGINBITMAPTRUECOLOR { 
		BITMAPTRUEGRAY } def
	/BEGINBITMAPTRUECOLORc { 
		BITMAPTRUEGRAYc } def
	}
ifelse
/K { 
	FMPrintAllColorsAsBlack {
		dup 1 eq 2 index 1 eq and 3 index 1 eq and not
			{7 {pop} repeat 0 0 0 1 0 0 0} if
	} if 
	FrameCurColors astore 
	pop combineColor
} bind def
/graymode true def
	/bwidth FMLOCAL
	/bpside FMLOCAL
	/bstring FMLOCAL
	/onbits FMLOCAL
	/offbits FMLOCAL
	/xindex FMLOCAL
	/yindex FMLOCAL
	/x FMLOCAL
	/y FMLOCAL
/setPatternMode {
	FMLevel1 {
		/bwidth  exch def
		/bpside  exch def
		/bstring exch def
		/onbits 0 def  /offbits 0 def
		freq sangle landscape {90 add} if 
			{/y exch def
			 /x exch def
			 /xindex x 1 add 2 div bpside mul cvi def
			 /yindex y 1 add 2 div bpside mul cvi def
			 bstring yindex bwidth mul xindex 8 idiv add get
			 1 7 xindex 8 mod sub bitshift and 0 ne FrameNegative {not} if
			 {/onbits  onbits  1 add def 1}
			 {/offbits offbits 1 add def 0}
			 ifelse
			}
			setscreen
		offbits offbits onbits add div FrameNegative {1.0 exch sub} if
		/FrameCurGray exch def
	} { 
		pop pop
		dup patCache exch known {
			patCache exch get
		} { 
			dup
			patDict /bstring 3 -1 roll put
			patDict 
			9 PatFreq screenIndex get div dup matrix scale
			makepattern
			dup 
			patCache 4 -1 roll 3 -1 roll put
		} ifelse
		/FrameCurGray 0 def
		/FrameCurPat exch def
	} ifelse
	/graymode false def
	combineColor
} bind def
/setGrayScaleMode {
	graymode not {
		/graymode true def
		FMLevel1 {
			setCurrentScreen
		} if
	} if
	/FrameCurGray exch def
	combineColor
} bind def
/normalize {
	transform round exch round exch itransform
	} bind def
/dnormalize {
	dtransform round exch round exch idtransform
	} bind def
/lnormalize { 
	0 dtransform exch cvi 2 idiv 2 mul 1 add exch idtransform pop
	} bind def
/H { 
	lnormalize setlinewidth
	} bind def
/Z {
	setlinecap
	} bind def
	
/PFill {
	graymode FMLevel1 or not {
		gsave 1 setgray eofill grestore
	} if
} bind def
/PStroke {
	graymode FMLevel1 or not {
		gsave 1 setgray stroke grestore
	} if
	stroke
} bind def
	/fillvals FMLOCAL
/X { 
	fillvals exch get
	dup type /stringtype eq
	{8 1 setPatternMode} 
	{setGrayScaleMode}
	ifelse
	} bind def
/V { 
	PFill gsave eofill grestore
	} bind def
/Vclip {
	clip
	} bind def
/Vstrk {
	currentlinewidth exch setlinewidth PStroke setlinewidth
	} bind def
/N { 
	PStroke
	} bind def
/Nclip {
	strokepath clip newpath
	} bind def
/Nstrk {
	currentlinewidth exch setlinewidth PStroke setlinewidth
	} bind def
/M {newpath moveto} bind def
/E {lineto} bind def
/D {curveto} bind def
/O {closepath} bind def
	/n FMLOCAL
/L { 
 	/n exch def
	newpath
	normalize
	moveto 
	2 1 n {pop normalize lineto} for
	} bind def
/Y { 
	L 
	closepath
	} bind def
	/x1 FMLOCAL
	/x2 FMLOCAL
	/y1 FMLOCAL
	/y2 FMLOCAL
/R { 
	/y2 exch def
	/x2 exch def
	/y1 exch def
	/x1 exch def
	x1 y1
	x2 y1
	x2 y2
	x1 y2
	4 Y 
	} bind def
	/rad FMLOCAL
/rarc 
	{rad 
	 arcto
	} bind def
/RR { 
	/rad exch def
	normalize
	/y2 exch def
	/x2 exch def
	normalize
	/y1 exch def
	/x1 exch def
	mark
	newpath
	{
	x1 y1 rad add moveto
	x1 y2 x2 y2 rarc
	x2 y2 x2 y1 rarc
	x2 y1 x1 y1 rarc
	x1 y1 x1 y2 rarc
	closepath
	} stopped {x1 y1 x2 y2 R} if 
	cleartomark
	} bind def
/RRR { 
	/rad exch def
	normalize /y4 exch def /x4 exch def
	normalize /y3 exch def /x3 exch def
	normalize /y2 exch def /x2 exch def
	normalize /y1 exch def /x1 exch def
	newpath
	normalize moveto 
	mark
	{
	x2 y2 x3 y3 rarc
	x3 y3 x4 y4 rarc
	x4 y4 x1 y1 rarc
	x1 y1 x2 y2 rarc
	closepath
	} stopped
	 {x1 y1 x2 y2 x3 y3 x4 y4 newpath moveto lineto lineto lineto closepath} if
	cleartomark
	} bind def
/C { 
	grestore
	gsave
	R 
	clip
	setCurrentScreen
} bind def
/CP { 
	grestore
	gsave
	Y 
	clip
	setCurrentScreen
} bind def
	/FMpointsize FMLOCAL
/F { 
	FMfonts exch get
	FMpointsize scalefont
	setfont
	} bind def
/Q { 
	/FMpointsize exch def
	F 
	} bind def
/T { 
	moveto show
	} bind def
/RF { 
	rotate
	0 ne {-1 1 scale} if
	} bind def
/TF { 
	gsave
	moveto 
	RF
	show
	grestore
	} bind def
/P { 
	moveto
	0 32 3 2 roll widthshow
	} bind def
/PF { 
	gsave
	moveto 
	RF
	0 32 3 2 roll widthshow
	grestore
	} bind def
/S { 
	moveto
	0 exch ashow
	} bind def
/SF { 
	gsave
	moveto
	RF
	0 exch ashow
	grestore
	} bind def
/B { 
	moveto
	0 32 4 2 roll 0 exch awidthshow
	} bind def
/BF { 
	gsave
	moveto
	RF
	0 32 4 2 roll 0 exch awidthshow
	grestore
	} bind def
/G { 
	gsave
	newpath
	normalize translate 0.0 0.0 moveto 
	dnormalize scale 
	0.0 0.0 1.0 5 3 roll arc 
	closepath 
	PFill fill
	grestore
	} bind def
/Gstrk {
	savematrix
    newpath
    2 index 2 div add exch 3 index 2 div sub exch 
    normalize 2 index 2 div sub exch 3 index 2 div add exch 
    translate
    scale 
    0.0 0.0 1.0 5 3 roll arc 
    restorematrix
    currentlinewidth exch setlinewidth PStroke setlinewidth
    } bind def
/Gclip { 
	newpath
	savematrix
	normalize translate 0.0 0.0 moveto 
	dnormalize scale 
	0.0 0.0 1.0 5 3 roll arc 
	closepath 
	clip newpath
	restorematrix
	} bind def
/GG { 
	gsave
	newpath
	normalize translate 0.0 0.0 moveto 
	rotate 
	dnormalize scale 
	0.0 0.0 1.0 5 3 roll arc 
	closepath
	PFill
	fill
	grestore
	} bind def
/GGclip { 
	savematrix
	newpath
    normalize translate 0.0 0.0 moveto 
    rotate 
    dnormalize scale 
    0.0 0.0 1.0 5 3 roll arc 
    closepath
	clip newpath
	restorematrix
	} bind def
/GGstrk { 
	savematrix
    newpath
    normalize translate 0.0 0.0 moveto 
    rotate 
    dnormalize scale 
    0.0 0.0 1.0 5 3 roll arc 
    closepath 
	restorematrix
    currentlinewidth exch setlinewidth PStroke setlinewidth
	} bind def
/A { 
	gsave
	savematrix
	newpath
	2 index 2 div add exch 3 index 2 div sub exch 
	normalize 2 index 2 div sub exch 3 index 2 div add exch 
	translate 
	scale 
	0.0 0.0 1.0 5 3 roll arc 
	restorematrix
	PStroke
	grestore
	} bind def
/Aclip {
	newpath
	savematrix
	normalize translate 0.0 0.0 moveto 
	dnormalize scale 
	0.0 0.0 1.0 5 3 roll arc 
	closepath 
	strokepath clip newpath
	restorematrix
} bind def
/Astrk {
	Gstrk
} bind def
/AA { 
	gsave
	savematrix
	newpath
	
	3 index 2 div add exch 4 index 2 div sub exch 
	
	normalize 3 index 2 div sub exch 4 index 2 div add exch
	translate 
	rotate 
	scale 
	0.0 0.0 1.0 5 3 roll arc 
	restorematrix
	PStroke
	grestore
	} bind def
/AAclip {
	savematrix
	newpath
    normalize translate 0.0 0.0 moveto 
    rotate 
    dnormalize scale 
    0.0 0.0 1.0 5 3 roll arc 
    closepath
	strokepath clip newpath
	restorematrix
} bind def
/AAstrk {
	GGstrk
} bind def
	/x FMLOCAL
	/y FMLOCAL
	/w FMLOCAL
	/h FMLOCAL
	/xx FMLOCAL
	/yy FMLOCAL
	/ww FMLOCAL
	/hh FMLOCAL
	/FMsaveobject FMLOCAL
	/FMoptop FMLOCAL
	/FMdicttop FMLOCAL
/BEGINPRINTCODE { 
	/FMdicttop countdictstack 1 add def 
	/FMoptop count 7 sub def 
	/FMsaveobject save def
	userdict begin 
	/showpage {} def 
	FMNORMALIZEGRAPHICS 
	3 index neg 3 index neg translate
	} bind def
/ENDPRINTCODE {
	count -1 FMoptop {pop pop} for 
	countdictstack -1 FMdicttop {pop end} for 
	FMsaveobject restore 
	} bind def
/gn { 
	0 
	{	46 mul 
		cf read pop 
		32 sub 
		dup 46 lt {exit} if 
		46 sub add 
		} loop
	add 
	} bind def
	/str FMLOCAL
/cfs { 
	/str sl string def 
	0 1 sl 1 sub {str exch val put} for 
	str def 
	} bind def
/ic [ 
	0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0223
	0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0223
	0
	{0 hx} {1 hx} {2 hx} {3 hx} {4 hx} {5 hx} {6 hx} {7 hx} {8 hx} {9 hx}
	{10 hx} {11 hx} {12 hx} {13 hx} {14 hx} {15 hx} {16 hx} {17 hx} {18 hx}
	{19 hx} {gn hx} {0} {1} {2} {3} {4} {5} {6} {7} {8} {9} {10} {11} {12}
	{13} {14} {15} {16} {17} {18} {19} {gn} {0 wh} {1 wh} {2 wh} {3 wh}
	{4 wh} {5 wh} {6 wh} {7 wh} {8 wh} {9 wh} {10 wh} {11 wh} {12 wh}
	{13 wh} {14 wh} {gn wh} {0 bl} {1 bl} {2 bl} {3 bl} {4 bl} {5 bl} {6 bl}
	{7 bl} {8 bl} {9 bl} {10 bl} {11 bl} {12 bl} {13 bl} {14 bl} {gn bl}
	{0 fl} {1 fl} {2 fl} {3 fl} {4 fl} {5 fl} {6 fl} {7 fl} {8 fl} {9 fl}
	{10 fl} {11 fl} {12 fl} {13 fl} {14 fl} {gn fl}
	] def
	/sl FMLOCAL
	/val FMLOCAL
	/ws FMLOCAL
	/im FMLOCAL
	/bs FMLOCAL
	/cs FMLOCAL
	/len FMLOCAL
	/pos FMLOCAL
/ms { 
	/sl exch def 
	/val 255 def 
	/ws cfs 
	/im cfs 
	/val 0 def 
	/bs cfs 
	/cs cfs 
	} bind def
400 ms 
/ip { 
	is 
	0 
	cf cs readline pop 
	{	ic exch get exec 
		add 
		} forall 
	pop 
	
	} bind def
/rip { 
	   
	  
	  bis ris copy pop 
      is
      0
      cf cs readline pop 
      {       ic exch get exec 
              add 
              } forall 
	  pop pop 
	  ris gis copy pop 
	  dup is exch 
	  
      cf cs readline pop 
      {       ic exch get exec 
              add 
              } forall 
	  pop pop
	  gis bis copy pop 
	  dup add is exch 
	  
      cf cs readline pop 
      {       ic exch get exec 
              add 
              } forall 
      pop 
      
      } bind def
/wh { 
	/len exch def 
	/pos exch def 
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/BEGINBITMAPGRAYc { 
	8 {} COMMONBITMAPc
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/BEGINBITMAP2BITc { 
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/COMMONBITMAPc { 
		 
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	3 index 2 div add exch	
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	sl lb lt {lb ms} if 
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	r                    
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	ws 0 lb getinterval is copy pop 
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/BEGINBITMAPBW { 
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	3 index 2 div add exch	
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	r                    
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	3 index 2 div add exch	
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	FMLevel1 {	
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/BITMAPCOLORc { 
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	3 index 2 div add exch	
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	FMLevel1 {	
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/BITMAPTRUECOLORc { 
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	/is im 0 lb getinterval def	
	/ris im 0 w getinterval def	
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        {w rip pop ris gis bis w gray} image
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/ww FMLOCAL
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/i FMLOCAL
/gray { 
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/BITMAPTRUEGRAY { 
        gsave
		
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		translate		
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        /bitmapsave save def 
        /is w string def
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        /cf currentfile def 
        w h 8 [w 0 0 h neg 0 h] 
        { cf is readhexstring pop 
          cf gis readhexstring pop 
          cf bis readhexstring pop w gray}  image
        bitmapsave restore 
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/BITMAPGRAY { 
	8 {fakecolorsetup} COMMONBITMAP
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/BITMAPGRAYc { 
	8 {fakecolorsetup} COMMONBITMAPc
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/ENDBITMAP {
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%%BeginDocument: fsm.ps
%
% Frame ps_prolog 4.0, for use with Frame 4.0 products
% This ps_prolog file is Copyright (c) 1986-1993 Frame Technology
% Corporation.  All rights reserved.  This ps_prolog file may be
% freely copied and distributed in conjunction with documents created
% using FrameMaker, FrameBuilder and FrameViewer as long as this 
% copyright notice is preserved.
%
% Frame products normally print colors as their true color on a color printer
% or as shades of gray, based on luminance, on a black-and white printer. The
% following flag, if set to True, forces all non-white colors to print as pure
% black. This has no effect on bitmap images.
/FMPrintAllColorsAsBlack             false def
%
% Frame products can either set their own line screens or use a printer's 
% default settings. Three flags below control this separately for no 
% separations, spot separations and process separations. If a flag
% is true, then the default printer settings will not be changed. If it is
% false, Frame products will use their own settings from a table based on
% the printer's resolution.
/FMUseDefaultNoSeparationScreen      true  def
/FMUseDefaultSpotSeparationScreen    true  def
/FMUseDefaultProcessSeparationScreen false def
%
% For any given PostScript printer resolution, Frame products have two sets of 
% screen angles and frequencies for printing process separations, which are 
% recomended by Adobe. The following variable chooses the higher frequencies
% when set to true or the lower frequencies when set to false. This is only
% effective if the appropriate FMUseDefault...SeparationScreen flag is false.
/FMUseHighFrequencyScreens true def
%
% PostScript Level 2 printers contain an "Accurate Screens" feature which can
% improve process separation rendering at the expense of compute time. This 
% flag is ignored by PostScript Level 1 printers.
/FMUseAcccurateScreens true def
%
% The following PostScript procedure defines the spot function that Frame
% products will use for process separations. You may un-comment-out one of
% the alternative functions below, or use your own.
%
% Dot function
/FMSpotFunction {abs exch abs 2 copy add 1 gt 
		{1 sub dup mul exch 1 sub dup mul add 1 sub }
		{dup mul exch dup mul add 1 exch sub }ifelse } def
%
% Line function
% /FMSpotFunction { pop } def
%
% Elipse function
% /FMSpotFunction { dup 5 mul 8 div mul exch dup mul exch add 
%		sqrt 1 exch sub } def
%
%
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/FMPColor
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def
/FrameDict 400 dict def 
systemdict /errordict known not {/errordict 10 dict def
		errordict /rangecheck {stop} put} if
% The readline in PS 23.0 doesn't recognize cr's as nl's on AppleTalk
FrameDict /tmprangecheck errordict /rangecheck get put 
errordict /rangecheck {FrameDict /bug true put} put 
FrameDict /bug false put 
mark 
% Some PS machines read past the CR, so keep the following 3 lines together!
currentfile 5 string readline
00
0000000000
cleartomark 
errordict /rangecheck FrameDict /tmprangecheck get put 
FrameDict /bug get { 
	/readline {
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/FMshowpage /showpage load def
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/FMFAILURE { 
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/FMVERSION {
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/FMBADEPSF { 
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/FrameNegative false def 
/FrameSepIs FMnone def 
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/FrameSepRed 1 def
/FrameSepGreen 1 def
/FrameSepBlue 1 def
/FrameCurGray 1 def
/FrameCurPat null def
/FrameCurColors [ 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 ] def 
/FrameColorEpsilon .001 def	
/eqepsilon {		
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/FrameCmpColorsCMYK { 
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/FrameCmpColorsRGB { 
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	3 1 roll 
	1 exch sub 
	3 1 roll 
	1 exch sub 
	3 1 roll 
	3 copy 
	2 copy 
	le { pop } { exch pop } ifelse 
	2 copy 
	le { pop } { exch pop } ifelse 
	dup dup dup 
	6 1 roll 
	4 1 roll 
	7 1 roll 
	sub 
	6 1 roll 
	sub 
	5 1 roll 
	sub 
	4 1 roll 
} bind def
/CMYKtoRGB { 
	dup dup 4 -1 roll add 						  
	5 1 roll 3 -1 roll add 						  
	4 1 roll add 								  
	1 exch sub dup 0 lt {pop 0} if 3 1 roll 	  
	1 exch sub dup 0 lt {pop 0} if exch 	      
	1 exch sub dup 0 lt {pop 0} if exch	  		  
} bind def
/FrameSepInit {
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} bind def
/FrameSetSepColor { 
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	/FrameSepGreen exch def
	/FrameSepRed exch def
	/FrameSepBlack exch def
	/FrameSepYellow exch def
	/FrameSepMagenta exch def
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	/FrameSepIs FMcustom def
	setCurrentScreen	
} bind def
/FrameSetCyan {
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	/FrameSepCyan 1.0 def
	/FrameSepIs FMcyan def
	setCurrentScreen	
} bind def
 
/FrameSetMagenta {
	/FrameSepBlue 1.0 def
	/FrameSepGreen 0.0 def
	/FrameSepRed 1.0 def
	/FrameSepBlack 0.0 def
	/FrameSepYellow 0.0 def
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	/FrameSepIs FMmagenta def
	setCurrentScreen
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/FrameSetYellow {
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/FrameSetBlack {
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	/FrameSepIs FMblack def
	setCurrentScreen
} bind def
 
/FrameNoSep { 
	/FrameSepIs FMnone def
	setCurrentScreen
} bind def
/FrameSetSepColors { 
	FrameDict begin
	[ exch 1 add 1 roll ]
	/FrameSepColors  
	exch def end
	} bind def
/FrameColorInSepListCMYK { 
	FrameSepColors {  
       		exch dup 3 -1 roll 
       		FrameCmpColorsCMYK 
       		{ pop true exit } if
    	} forall 
	dup true ne {pop false} if
	} bind def
/FrameColorInSepListRGB { 
	FrameSepColors {  
       		exch dup 3 -1 roll 
       		FrameCmpColorsRGB 
       		{ pop true exit } if
    	} forall 
	dup true ne {pop false} if
	} bind def
/RealSetgray /setgray load def
/RealSetrgbcolor /setrgbcolor load def
/RealSethsbcolor /sethsbcolor load def
end 
/setgray { 
	FrameDict begin
	FrameSepIs FMnone eq
		{ RealSetgray } 
		{ 
		FrameSepIs FMblack eq 
			{ RealSetgray } 
			{ FrameSepIs FMcustom eq 
			  FrameSepRed 0 eq and
			  FrameSepGreen 0 eq and
			  FrameSepBlue 0 eq and {
			  	RealSetgray
			  } {
				1 RealSetgray pop 
			  } ifelse
			} ifelse
		} ifelse
	end
} bind def
/setrgbcolor { 
	FrameDict begin
	FrameSepIs FMnone eq
	{  RealSetrgbcolor }
	{
		3 copy [ 4 1 roll ] 
		FrameColorInSepListRGB
		{
				FrameSepBlue eq exch 
			 	FrameSepGreen eq and exch 
			 	FrameSepRed eq and
			 	{ 0 } { 1 } ifelse
		}
		{
			FMPColor {
				RealSetrgbcolor
				currentcmykcolor
			} {
				RGBtoCMYK
			} ifelse
			FrameSepIs FMblack eq
			{1.0 exch sub 4 1 roll pop pop pop} {
			FrameSepIs FMyellow eq
			{pop 1.0 exch sub 3 1 roll pop pop} {
			FrameSepIs FMmagenta eq
			{pop pop 1.0 exch sub exch pop } {
			FrameSepIs FMcyan eq
			{pop pop pop 1.0 exch sub } 
			{pop pop pop pop 1} ifelse } ifelse } ifelse } ifelse 
		} ifelse
		RealSetgray
	} 
	ifelse
	end
} bind def
/sethsbcolor {
	FrameDict begin
	FrameSepIs FMnone eq 
	{ RealSethsbcolor } 
	{
		RealSethsbcolor 
		currentrgbcolor  
		setrgbcolor 
	} 
	ifelse
	end
} bind def
FrameDict begin
/setcmykcolor where {
	pop /RealSetcmykcolor /setcmykcolor load def
} {
	/RealSetcmykcolor {
		4 1 roll
		3 { 3 index add 0 max 1 min 1 exch sub 3 1 roll} repeat 
		setrgbcolor pop
	} bind def
} ifelse
userdict /setcmykcolor { 
		FrameDict begin
		FrameSepIs FMnone eq
		{ RealSetcmykcolor } 
		{
			4 copy [ 5 1 roll ]
			FrameColorInSepListCMYK
			{
				FrameSepBlack eq exch 
				FrameSepYellow eq and exch 
				FrameSepMagenta eq and exch 
				FrameSepCyan eq and 
				{ 0 } { 1 } ifelse
			}
			{
				FrameSepIs FMblack eq
				{1.0 exch sub 4 1 roll pop pop pop} {
				FrameSepIs FMyellow eq
				{pop 1.0 exch sub 3 1 roll pop pop} {
				FrameSepIs FMmagenta eq
				{pop pop 1.0 exch sub exch pop } {
				FrameSepIs FMcyan eq
				{pop pop pop 1.0 exch sub } 
				{pop pop pop pop 1} ifelse } ifelse } ifelse } ifelse 
			} ifelse
			RealSetgray
		}
		ifelse
		end
	} bind put
FMLevel1 not { 
	
	/patProcDict 5 dict dup begin
		<0f1e3c78f0e1c387> { 3 setlinewidth -1 -1 moveto 9 9 lineto stroke 
											4 -4 moveto 12 4 lineto stroke
											-4 4 moveto 4 12 lineto stroke} bind def
		<0f87c3e1f0783c1e> { 3 setlinewidth -1 9 moveto 9 -1 lineto stroke 
											-4 4 moveto 4 -4 lineto stroke
											4 12 moveto 12 4 lineto stroke} bind def
		<8142241818244281> { 1 setlinewidth -1 9 moveto 9 -1 lineto stroke
											-1 -1 moveto 9 9 lineto stroke } bind def
		<03060c183060c081> { 1 setlinewidth -1 -1 moveto 9 9 lineto stroke 
											4 -4 moveto 12 4 lineto stroke
											-4 4 moveto 4 12 lineto stroke} bind def
		<8040201008040201> { 1 setlinewidth -1 9 moveto 9 -1 lineto stroke 
											-4 4 moveto 4 -4 lineto stroke
											4 12 moveto 12 4 lineto stroke} bind def
	end def
	/patDict 15 dict dup begin
		/PatternType 1 def		
		/PaintType 2 def		
		/TilingType 3 def		
		/BBox [ 0 0 8 8 ] def 	
		/XStep 8 def			
		/YStep 8 def			
		/PaintProc {
			begin
			patProcDict bstring known {
				patProcDict bstring get exec
			} {
				8 8 true [1 0 0 -1 0 8] bstring imagemask
			} ifelse
			end
		} bind def
	end def
} if
/combineColor {
    FrameSepIs FMnone eq
	{
		graymode FMLevel1 or not {
			
			[/Pattern [/DeviceCMYK]] setcolorspace
			FrameCurColors 0 4 getinterval aload pop FrameCurPat setcolor
		} {
			FrameCurColors 3 get 1.0 ge {
				FrameCurGray RealSetgray
			} {
				FMPColor graymode and {
					0 1 3 { 
						FrameCurColors exch get
						1 FrameCurGray sub mul
					} for
					RealSetcmykcolor
				} {
					4 1 6 {
						FrameCurColors exch get
						graymode {
							1 exch sub 1 FrameCurGray sub mul 1 exch sub
						} {
							1.0 lt {FrameCurGray} {1} ifelse
						} ifelse
					} for
					RealSetrgbcolor
				} ifelse
			} ifelse
		} ifelse
	} { 
		FrameCurColors 0 4 getinterval aload
		FrameColorInSepListCMYK {
			FrameSepBlack eq exch 
			FrameSepYellow eq and exch 
			FrameSepMagenta eq and exch 
			FrameSepCyan eq and
			FrameSepIs FMcustom eq and
			{ FrameCurGray } { 1 } ifelse
		} {
			FrameSepIs FMblack eq
			{FrameCurGray 1.0 exch sub mul 1.0 exch sub 4 1 roll pop pop pop} {
			FrameSepIs FMyellow eq
			{pop FrameCurGray 1.0 exch sub mul 1.0 exch sub 3 1 roll pop pop} {
			FrameSepIs FMmagenta eq
			{pop pop FrameCurGray 1.0 exch sub mul 1.0 exch sub exch pop } {
			FrameSepIs FMcyan eq
			{pop pop pop FrameCurGray 1.0 exch sub mul 1.0 exch sub } 
			{pop pop pop pop 1} ifelse } ifelse } ifelse } ifelse 
		} ifelse
		graymode FMLevel1 or not {
			
			[/Pattern [/DeviceGray]] setcolorspace
			FrameCurPat setcolor
		} { 
			graymode not FMLevel1 and {
				
				dup 1 lt {pop FrameCurGray} if
			} if
			RealSetgray
		} ifelse
	} ifelse
} bind def
/savematrix {
	orgmatrix currentmatrix pop
	} bind def
/restorematrix {
	orgmatrix setmatrix
	} bind def
/dmatrix matrix def
/dpi    72 0 dmatrix defaultmatrix dtransform
    dup mul exch   dup mul add   sqrt def
	
/freq dpi dup 72 div round dup 0 eq {pop 1} if 8 mul div def
/sangle 1 0 dmatrix defaultmatrix dtransform exch atan def
/dpiranges   [  2540    2400    1693     1270    1200     635      600      0      ] def
/CMLowFreqs  [ 100.402  94.8683 89.2289 100.402  94.8683  66.9349  63.2456 47.4342 ] def
/YLowFreqs   [  95.25   90.0    84.65    95.25   90.0     70.5556  66.6667 50.0    ] def
/KLowFreqs   [  89.8026 84.8528 79.8088  89.8026 84.8528  74.8355  70.7107 53.033  ] def
/CLowAngles  [  71.5651 71.5651 71.5651 71.5651  71.5651  71.5651  71.5651 71.5651 ] def
/MLowAngles  [  18.4349 18.4349 18.4349 18.4349  18.4349  18.4349  18.4349 18.4349 ] def
/YLowTDot    [  true    true    false    true    true     false    false   false   ] def
/CMHighFreqs [ 133.87  126.491 133.843  108.503 102.523  100.402   94.8683 63.2456 ] def
/YHighFreqs  [ 127.0   120.0   126.975  115.455 109.091   95.25    90.0    60.0    ] def
/KHighFreqs  [ 119.737 113.137 119.713  128.289 121.218   89.8026  84.8528 63.6395 ] def
/CHighAngles [  71.5651 71.5651 71.5651  70.0169 70.0169  71.5651  71.5651 71.5651 ] def
/MHighAngles [  18.4349 18.4349 18.4349  19.9831 19.9831  18.4349  18.4349 18.4349 ] def
/YHighTDot   [  false   false   true     false   false    true     true    false   ] def
/PatFreq     [	10.5833 10.0     9.4055  10.5833 10.0	  10.5833  10.0	   9.375   ] def
/screenIndex {
	0 1 dpiranges length 1 sub { dup dpiranges exch get 1 sub dpi le {exit} {pop} ifelse } for
} bind def
/getCyanScreen {
	FMUseHighFrequencyScreens { CHighAngles CMHighFreqs} {CLowAngles CMLowFreqs} ifelse
		screenIndex dup 3 1 roll get 3 1 roll get /FMSpotFunction load
} bind def
/getMagentaScreen {
	FMUseHighFrequencyScreens { MHighAngles CMHighFreqs } {MLowAngles CMLowFreqs} ifelse
		screenIndex dup 3 1 roll get 3 1 roll get /FMSpotFunction load
} bind def
/getYellowScreen {
	FMUseHighFrequencyScreens { YHighTDot YHighFreqs} { YLowTDot YLowFreqs } ifelse
		screenIndex dup 3 1 roll get 3 1 roll get { 3 div
			{2 { 1 add 2 div 3 mul dup floor sub 2 mul 1 sub exch} repeat
			FMSpotFunction } } {/FMSpotFunction load } ifelse
			0.0 exch
} bind def
/getBlackScreen  {
	FMUseHighFrequencyScreens { KHighFreqs } { KLowFreqs } ifelse
		screenIndex get 45.0 /FMSpotFunction load 
} bind def
/getSpotScreen {
	getBlackScreen
} bind def
/getCompositeScreen {
	getBlackScreen
} bind def
/FMSetScreen 
	FMLevel1 { /setscreen load 
	}{ {
		8 dict begin
		/HalftoneType 1 def
		/SpotFunction exch def
		/Angle exch def
		/Frequency exch def
		/AccurateScreens FMUseAcccurateScreens def
		currentdict end sethalftone
	} bind } ifelse
def
/setDefaultScreen {
	FMPColor {
		orgrxfer cvx orggxfer cvx orgbxfer cvx orgxfer cvx setcolortransfer
	}
	{
		orgxfer cvx settransfer
	} ifelse
	orgfreq organgle orgproc cvx setscreen
} bind def
/setCurrentScreen {
	FrameSepIs FMnone eq {
		FMUseDefaultNoSeparationScreen {
			setDefaultScreen
		} {
			getCompositeScreen FMSetScreen
		} ifelse
	} {
		FrameSepIs FMcustom eq {
			FMUseDefaultSpotSeparationScreen {
				setDefaultScreen
			} {
				getSpotScreen FMSetScreen
			} ifelse
		} {
			FMUseDefaultProcessSeparationScreen {
				setDefaultScreen
			} {
				FrameSepIs FMcyan eq {
					getCyanScreen FMSetScreen
				} {
					FrameSepIs FMmagenta eq {
						getMagentaScreen FMSetScreen
					} {
						FrameSepIs FMyellow eq {
							getYellowScreen FMSetScreen
						} {
							getBlackScreen FMSetScreen
						} ifelse
					} ifelse
				} ifelse
			} ifelse
		} ifelse
	} ifelse 
} bind def
end
	/gstring FMLOCAL
	/gfile FMLOCAL
	/gindex FMLOCAL
	/orgrxfer FMLOCAL
	/orggxfer FMLOCAL
	/orgbxfer FMLOCAL
	/orgxfer FMLOCAL
	/orgproc FMLOCAL
	/orgrproc FMLOCAL
	/orggproc FMLOCAL
	/orgbproc FMLOCAL
	/organgle FMLOCAL
	/orgrangle FMLOCAL
	/orggangle FMLOCAL
	/orgbangle FMLOCAL
	/orgfreq FMLOCAL
	/orgrfreq FMLOCAL
	/orggfreq FMLOCAL
	/orgbfreq FMLOCAL
	/yscale FMLOCAL
	/xscale FMLOCAL
	/edown FMLOCAL
	/manualfeed FMLOCAL
	/paperheight FMLOCAL
	/paperwidth FMLOCAL
/FMDOCUMENT { 
	array /FMfonts exch def 
	/#copies exch def
	FrameDict begin
	0 ne /manualfeed exch def
	/paperheight exch def
	/paperwidth exch def
	0 ne /FrameNegative exch def 
	0 ne /edown exch def 
	/yscale exch def
	/xscale exch def
	FMLevel1 {
		manualfeed {setmanualfeed} if
		/FMdicttop countdictstack 1 add def 
		/FMoptop count def 
		setpapername 
		manualfeed {true} {papersize} ifelse 
		{manualpapersize} {false} ifelse 
		{desperatepapersize} {false} ifelse 
		{ (Can't select requested paper size for Frame print job!) FMFAILURE } if
		count -1 FMoptop {pop pop} for
		countdictstack -1 FMdicttop {pop end} for 
		}
		{{}stopped
		{ (Can't select requested paper size for Frame print job!) FMFAILURE } if
		 { } stopped pop }
	ifelse 
	
	FMPColor {
		currentcolorscreen
			cvlit /orgproc exch def
				  /organgle exch def 
				  /orgfreq exch def
			cvlit /orgbproc exch def
				  /orgbangle exch def 
				  /orgbfreq exch def
			cvlit /orggproc exch def
				  /orggangle exch def 
				  /orggfreq exch def
			cvlit /orgrproc exch def
				  /orgrangle exch def 
				  /orgrfreq exch def
			currentcolortransfer 
			FrameNegative {
				1 1 4 { 
					pop { 1 exch sub } concatprocs 4 1 roll
				} for
				4 copy
				setcolortransfer
			} if
			cvlit /orgxfer exch def
			cvlit /orgbxfer exch def
			cvlit /orggxfer exch def
			cvlit /orgrxfer exch def
	} {
		currentscreen 
			cvlit /orgproc exch def
				  /organgle exch def 
				  /orgfreq exch def
				  
		currenttransfer 
		FrameNegative {
			{ 1 exch sub } concatprocs
			dup settransfer
		} if 
		cvlit /orgxfer exch def
	} ifelse
	end 
} def 
/pagesave FMLOCAL
/orgmatrix FMLOCAL
/landscape FMLOCAL
/pwid FMLOCAL
/FMBEGINPAGE { 
	FrameDict begin 
	/pagesave save def
	3.86 setmiterlimit
	/landscape exch 0 ne def
	landscape { 
		90 rotate 0 exch dup /pwid exch def neg translate pop 
	}{
		pop /pwid exch def
	} ifelse
	edown { [-1 0 0 1 pwid 0] concat } if
	
	
	xscale yscale scale
	/orgmatrix matrix def
	gsave 
} def 
/FMENDPAGE {
	grestore 
	pagesave restore
	end 
	showpage
	} def 
/FMFONTDEFINE { 
	FrameDict begin
	findfont 
	ReEncode 
	1 index exch 
	definefont 
	FMfonts 3 1 roll 
	put
	end 
	} def 
/FMFILLS {
	FrameDict begin dup
	array /fillvals exch def
	dict /patCache exch def
	end 
	} def 
/FMFILL {
	FrameDict begin
	 fillvals 3 1 roll put
	end 
	} def 
/FMNORMALIZEGRAPHICS { 
	newpath
	0.0 0.0 moveto
	1 setlinewidth
	0 setlinecap
	0 0 0 sethsbcolor
	0 setgray 
	} bind def
	/fx FMLOCAL
	/fy FMLOCAL
	/fh FMLOCAL
	/fw FMLOCAL
	/llx FMLOCAL
	/lly FMLOCAL
	/urx FMLOCAL
	/ury FMLOCAL
/FMBEGINEPSF { 
	end 
	/FMEPSF save def 
	/showpage {} def 
% See Adobe's "PostScript Language Reference Manual, 2nd Edition", page 714.
% "...the following operators MUST NOT be used in an EPS file:" (emphasis ours)
	/banddevice {(banddevice) FMBADEPSF} def
	/clear {(clear) FMBADEPSF} def
	/cleardictstack {(cleardictstack) FMBADEPSF} def 
	/copypage {(copypage) FMBADEPSF} def
	/erasepage {(erasepage) FMBADEPSF} def
	/exitserver {(exitserver) FMBADEPSF} def
	/framedevice {(framedevice) FMBADEPSF} def
	/grestoreall {(grestoreall) FMBADEPSF} def
	/initclip {(initclip) FMBADEPSF} def
	/initgraphics {(initgraphics) FMBADEPSF} def
	/initmatrix {(initmatrix) FMBADEPSF} def
	/quit {(quit) FMBADEPSF} def
	/renderbands {(renderbands) FMBADEPSF} def
	/setglobal {(setglobal) FMBADEPSF} def
	/setpagedevice {(setpagedevice) FMBADEPSF} def
	/setshared {(setshared) FMBADEPSF} def
	/startjob {(startjob) FMBADEPSF} def
	/lettertray {(lettertray) FMBADEPSF} def
	/letter {(letter) FMBADEPSF} def
	/lettersmall {(lettersmall) FMBADEPSF} def
	/11x17tray {(11x17tray) FMBADEPSF} def
	/11x17 {(11x17) FMBADEPSF} def
	/ledgertray {(ledgertray) FMBADEPSF} def
	/ledger {(ledger) FMBADEPSF} def
	/legaltray {(legaltray) FMBADEPSF} def
	/legal {(legal) FMBADEPSF} def
	/statementtray {(statementtray) FMBADEPSF} def
	/statement {(statement) FMBADEPSF} def
	/executivetray {(executivetray) FMBADEPSF} def
	/executive {(executive) FMBADEPSF} def
	/a3tray {(a3tray) FMBADEPSF} def
	/a3 {(a3) FMBADEPSF} def
	/a4tray {(a4tray) FMBADEPSF} def
	/a4 {(a4) FMBADEPSF} def
	/a4small {(a4small) FMBADEPSF} def
	/b4tray {(b4tray) FMBADEPSF} def
	/b4 {(b4) FMBADEPSF} def
	/b5tray {(b5tray) FMBADEPSF} def
	/b5 {(b5) FMBADEPSF} def
	FMNORMALIZEGRAPHICS 
	[/fy /fx /fh /fw /ury /urx /lly /llx] {exch def} forall 
	fx fw 2 div add fy fh 2 div add  translate
	rotate
	fw 2 div neg fh 2 div neg translate
	fw urx llx sub div fh ury lly sub div scale 
	llx neg lly neg translate 
	/FMdicttop countdictstack 1 add def 
	/FMoptop count def 
	} bind def
/FMENDEPSF {
	count -1 FMoptop {pop pop} for 
	countdictstack -1 FMdicttop {pop end} for 
	FMEPSF restore
	FrameDict begin 
	} bind def
FrameDict begin 
/setmanualfeed {
	 statusdict /manualfeed true put
	} bind def
/max {2 copy lt {exch} if pop} bind def
/min {2 copy gt {exch} if pop} bind def
/inch {72 mul} def
/pagedimen { 
	paperheight sub abs 16 lt exch 
	paperwidth sub abs 16 lt and
	{/papername exch def} {pop} ifelse
	} bind def
	/papersizedict FMLOCAL
/setpapername { 
	/papersizedict 14 dict def 
	papersizedict begin
	/papername /unknown def 
		/Letter 8.5 inch 11.0 inch pagedimen
		/LetterSmall 7.68 inch 10.16 inch pagedimen
		/Tabloid 11.0 inch 17.0 inch pagedimen
		/Ledger 17.0 inch 11.0 inch pagedimen
		/Legal 8.5 inch 14.0 inch pagedimen
		/Statement 5.5 inch 8.5 inch pagedimen
		/Executive 7.5 inch 10.0 inch pagedimen
		/A3 11.69 inch 16.5 inch pagedimen
		/A4 8.26 inch 11.69 inch pagedimen
		/A4Small 7.47 inch 10.85 inch pagedimen
		/B4 10.125 inch 14.33 inch pagedimen
		/B5 7.16 inch 10.125 inch pagedimen
	end
	} bind def
/papersize {
	papersizedict begin
		/Letter {lettertray letter} def
		/LetterSmall {lettertray lettersmall} def
		/Tabloid {11x17tray 11x17} def
		/Ledger {ledgertray ledger} def
		/Legal {legaltray legal} def
		/Statement {statementtray statement} def
		/Executive {executivetray executive} def
		/A3 {a3tray a3} def
		/A4 {a4tray a4} def
		/A4Small {a4tray a4small} def
		/B4 {b4tray b4} def
		/B5 {b5tray b5} def
		/unknown {unknown} def
	papersizedict dup papername known {papername} {/unknown} ifelse get
	end
	statusdict begin stopped end 
	} bind def
/manualpapersize {
	papersizedict begin
		/Letter {letter} def
		/LetterSmall {lettersmall} def
		/Tabloid {11x17} def
		/Ledger {ledger} def
		/Legal {legal} def
		/Statement {statement} def
		/Executive {executive} def
		/A3 {a3} def
		/A4 {a4} def
		/A4Small {a4small} def
		/B4 {b4} def
		/B5 {b5} def
		/unknown {unknown} def
	papersizedict dup papername known {papername} {/unknown} ifelse get
	end
	stopped 
	} bind def
/desperatepapersize {
	statusdict /setpageparams known
		{
		paperwidth paperheight 0 1 
		statusdict begin
		{setpageparams} stopped 
		end
		} {true} ifelse 
	} bind def
/DiacriticEncoding [
/.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef
/.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef
/.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef
/.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef
/.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /space /exclam /quotedbl
/numbersign /dollar /percent /ampersand /quotesingle /parenleft
/parenright /asterisk /plus /comma /hyphen /period /slash /zero /one
/two /three /four /five /six /seven /eight /nine /colon /semicolon
/less /equal /greater /question /at /A /B /C /D /E /F /G /H /I /J /K
/L /M /N /O /P /Q /R /S /T /U /V /W /X /Y /Z /bracketleft /backslash
/bracketright /asciicircum /underscore /grave /a /b /c /d /e /f /g /h
/i /j /k /l /m /n /o /p /q /r /s /t /u /v /w /x /y /z /braceleft /bar
/braceright /asciitilde /.notdef /Adieresis /Aring /Ccedilla /Eacute
/Ntilde /Odieresis /Udieresis /aacute /agrave /acircumflex /adieresis
/atilde /aring /ccedilla /eacute /egrave /ecircumflex /edieresis
/iacute /igrave /icircumflex /idieresis /ntilde /oacute /ograve
/ocircumflex /odieresis /otilde /uacute /ugrave /ucircumflex
/udieresis /dagger /.notdef /cent /sterling /section /bullet
/paragraph /germandbls /registered /copyright /trademark /acute
/dieresis /.notdef /AE /Oslash /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef
/yen /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef
/ordfeminine /ordmasculine /.notdef /ae /oslash /questiondown
/exclamdown /logicalnot /.notdef /florin /.notdef /.notdef
/guillemotleft /guillemotright /ellipsis /.notdef /Agrave /Atilde
/Otilde /OE /oe /endash /emdash /quotedblleft /quotedblright
/quoteleft /quoteright /.notdef /.notdef /ydieresis /Ydieresis
/fraction /currency /guilsinglleft /guilsinglright /fi /fl /daggerdbl
/periodcentered /quotesinglbase /quotedblbase /perthousand
/Acircumflex /Ecircumflex /Aacute /Edieresis /Egrave /Iacute
/Icircumflex /Idieresis /Igrave /Oacute /Ocircumflex /.notdef /Ograve
/Uacute /Ucircumflex /Ugrave /dotlessi /circumflex /tilde /macron
/breve /dotaccent /ring /cedilla /hungarumlaut /ogonek /caron
] def
/ReEncode { 
	dup 
	length 
	dict begin 
	{
	1 index /FID ne 
		{def} 
		{pop pop} ifelse 
	} forall 
	0 eq {/Encoding DiacriticEncoding def} if 
	currentdict 
	end 
	} bind def
FMPColor 
	
	{
	/BEGINBITMAPCOLOR { 
		BITMAPCOLOR} def
	/BEGINBITMAPCOLORc { 
		BITMAPCOLORc} def
	/BEGINBITMAPTRUECOLOR { 
		BITMAPTRUECOLOR } def
	/BEGINBITMAPTRUECOLORc { 
		BITMAPTRUECOLORc } def
	}
	
	{
	/BEGINBITMAPCOLOR { 
		BITMAPGRAY} def
	/BEGINBITMAPCOLORc { 
		BITMAPGRAYc} def
	/BEGINBITMAPTRUECOLOR { 
		BITMAPTRUEGRAY } def
	/BEGINBITMAPTRUECOLORc { 
		BITMAPTRUEGRAYc } def
	}
ifelse
/K { 
	FMPrintAllColorsAsBlack {
		dup 1 eq 2 index 1 eq and 3 index 1 eq and not
			{7 {pop} repeat 0 0 0 1 0 0 0} if
	} if 
	FrameCurColors astore 
	pop combineColor
} bind def
/graymode true def
	/bwidth FMLOCAL
	/bpside FMLOCAL
	/bstring FMLOCAL
	/onbits FMLOCAL
	/offbits FMLOCAL
	/xindex FMLOCAL
	/yindex FMLOCAL
	/x FMLOCAL
	/y FMLOCAL
/setPatternMode {
	FMLevel1 {
		/bwidth  exch def
		/bpside  exch def
		/bstring exch def
		/onbits 0 def  /offbits 0 def
		freq sangle landscape {90 add} if 
			{/y exch def
			 /x exch def
			 /xindex x 1 add 2 div bpside mul cvi def
			 /yindex y 1 add 2 div bpside mul cvi def
			 bstring yindex bwidth mul xindex 8 idiv add get
			 1 7 xindex 8 mod sub bitshift and 0 ne FrameNegative {not} if
			 {/onbits  onbits  1 add def 1}
			 {/offbits offbits 1 add def 0}
			 ifelse
			}
			setscreen
		offbits offbits onbits add div FrameNegative {1.0 exch sub} if
		/FrameCurGray exch def
	} { 
		pop pop
		dup patCache exch known {
			patCache exch get
		} { 
			dup
			patDict /bstring 3 -1 roll put
			patDict 
			9 PatFreq screenIndex get div dup matrix scale
			makepattern
			dup 
			patCache 4 -1 roll 3 -1 roll put
		} ifelse
		/FrameCurGray 0 def
		/FrameCurPat exch def
	} ifelse
	/graymode false def
	combineColor
} bind def
/setGrayScaleMode {
	graymode not {
		/graymode true def
		FMLevel1 {
			setCurrentScreen
		} if
	} if
	/FrameCurGray exch def
	combineColor
} bind def
/normalize {
	transform round exch round exch itransform
	} bind def
/dnormalize {
	dtransform round exch round exch idtransform
	} bind def
/lnormalize { 
	0 dtransform exch cvi 2 idiv 2 mul 1 add exch idtransform pop
	} bind def
/H { 
	lnormalize setlinewidth
	} bind def
/Z {
	setlinecap
	} bind def
	
/PFill {
	graymode FMLevel1 or not {
		gsave 1 setgray eofill grestore
	} if
} bind def
/PStroke {
	graymode FMLevel1 or not {
		gsave 1 setgray stroke grestore
	} if
	stroke
} bind def
	/fillvals FMLOCAL
/X { 
	fillvals exch get
	dup type /stringtype eq
	{8 1 setPatternMode} 
	{setGrayScaleMode}
	ifelse
	} bind def
/V { 
	PFill gsave eofill grestore
	} bind def
/Vclip {
	clip
	} bind def
/Vstrk {
	currentlinewidth exch setlinewidth PStroke setlinewidth
	} bind def
/N { 
	PStroke
	} bind def
/Nclip {
	strokepath clip newpath
	} bind def
/Nstrk {
	currentlinewidth exch setlinewidth PStroke setlinewidth
	} bind def
/M {newpath moveto} bind def
/E {lineto} bind def
/D {curveto} bind def
/O {closepath} bind def
	/n FMLOCAL
/L { 
 	/n exch def
	newpath
	normalize
	moveto 
	2 1 n {pop normalize lineto} for
	} bind def
/Y { 
	L 
	closepath
	} bind def
	/x1 FMLOCAL
	/x2 FMLOCAL
	/y1 FMLOCAL
	/y2 FMLOCAL
/R { 
	/y2 exch def
	/x2 exch def
	/y1 exch def
	/x1 exch def
	x1 y1
	x2 y1
	x2 y2
	x1 y2
	4 Y 
	} bind def
	/rad FMLOCAL
/rarc 
	{rad 
	 arcto
	} bind def
/RR { 
	/rad exch def
	normalize
	/y2 exch def
	/x2 exch def
	normalize
	/y1 exch def
	/x1 exch def
	mark
	newpath
	{
	x1 y1 rad add moveto
	x1 y2 x2 y2 rarc
	x2 y2 x2 y1 rarc
	x2 y1 x1 y1 rarc
	x1 y1 x1 y2 rarc
	closepath
	} stopped {x1 y1 x2 y2 R} if 
	cleartomark
	} bind def
/RRR { 
	/rad exch def
	normalize /y4 exch def /x4 exch def
	normalize /y3 exch def /x3 exch def
	normalize /y2 exch def /x2 exch def
	normalize /y1 exch def /x1 exch def
	newpath
	normalize moveto 
	mark
	{
	x2 y2 x3 y3 rarc
	x3 y3 x4 y4 rarc
	x4 y4 x1 y1 rarc
	x1 y1 x2 y2 rarc
	closepath
	} stopped
	 {x1 y1 x2 y2 x3 y3 x4 y4 newpath moveto lineto lineto lineto closepath} if
	cleartomark
	} bind def
/C { 
	grestore
	gsave
	R 
	clip
	setCurrentScreen
} bind def
/CP { 
	grestore
	gsave
	Y 
	clip
	setCurrentScreen
} bind def
	/FMpointsize FMLOCAL
/F { 
	FMfonts exch get
	FMpointsize scalefont
	setfont
	} bind def
/Q { 
	/FMpointsize exch def
	F 
	} bind def
/T { 
	moveto show
	} bind def
/RF { 
	rotate
	0 ne {-1 1 scale} if
	} bind def
/TF { 
	gsave
	moveto 
	RF
	show
	grestore
	} bind def
/P { 
	moveto
	0 32 3 2 roll widthshow
	} bind def
/PF { 
	gsave
	moveto 
	RF
	0 32 3 2 roll widthshow
	grestore
	} bind def
/S { 
	moveto
	0 exch ashow
	} bind def
/SF { 
	gsave
	moveto
	RF
	0 exch ashow
	grestore
	} bind def
/B { 
	moveto
	0 32 4 2 roll 0 exch awidthshow
	} bind def
/BF { 
	gsave
	moveto
	RF
	0 32 4 2 roll 0 exch awidthshow
	grestore
	} bind def
/G { 
	gsave
	newpath
	normalize translate 0.0 0.0 moveto 
	dnormalize scale 
	0.0 0.0 1.0 5 3 roll arc 
	closepath 
	PFill fill
	grestore
	} bind def
/Gstrk {
	savematrix
    newpath
    2 index 2 div add exch 3 index 2 div sub exch 
    normalize 2 index 2 div sub exch 3 index 2 div add exch 
    translate
    scale 
    0.0 0.0 1.0 5 3 roll arc 
    restorematrix
    currentlinewidth exch setlinewidth PStroke setlinewidth
    } bind def
/Gclip { 
	newpath
	savematrix
	normalize translate 0.0 0.0 moveto 
	dnormalize scale 
	0.0 0.0 1.0 5 3 roll arc 
	closepath 
	clip newpath
	restorematrix
	} bind def
/GG { 
	gsave
	newpath
	normalize translate 0.0 0.0 moveto 
	rotate 
	dnormalize scale 
	0.0 0.0 1.0 5 3 roll arc 
	closepath
	PFill
	fill
	grestore
	} bind def
/GGclip { 
	savematrix
	newpath
    normalize translate 0.0 0.0 moveto 
    rotate 
    dnormalize scale 
    0.0 0.0 1.0 5 3 roll arc 
    closepath
	clip newpath
	restorematrix
	} bind def
/GGstrk { 
	savematrix
    newpath
    normalize translate 0.0 0.0 moveto 
    rotate 
    dnormalize scale 
    0.0 0.0 1.0 5 3 roll arc 
    closepath 
	restorematrix
    currentlinewidth exch setlinewidth PStroke setlinewidth
	} bind def
/A { 
	gsave
	savematrix
	newpath
	2 index 2 div add exch 3 index 2 div sub exch 
	normalize 2 index 2 div sub exch 3 index 2 div add exch 
	translate 
	scale 
	0.0 0.0 1.0 5 3 roll arc 
	restorematrix
	PStroke
	grestore
	} bind def
/Aclip {
	newpath
	savematrix
	normalize translate 0.0 0.0 moveto 
	dnormalize scale 
	0.0 0.0 1.0 5 3 roll arc 
	closepath 
	strokepath clip newpath
	restorematrix
} bind def
/Astrk {
	Gstrk
} bind def
/AA { 
	gsave
	savematrix
	newpath
	
	3 index 2 div add exch 4 index 2 div sub exch 
	
	normalize 3 index 2 div sub exch 4 index 2 div add exch
	translate 
	rotate 
	scale 
	0.0 0.0 1.0 5 3 roll arc 
	restorematrix
	PStroke
	grestore
	} bind def
/AAclip {
	savematrix
	newpath
    normalize translate 0.0 0.0 moveto 
    rotate 
    dnormalize scale 
    0.0 0.0 1.0 5 3 roll arc 
    closepath
	strokepath clip newpath
	restorematrix
} bind def
/AAstrk {
	GGstrk
} bind def
	/x FMLOCAL
	/y FMLOCAL
	/w FMLOCAL
	/h FMLOCAL
	/xx FMLOCAL
	/yy FMLOCAL
	/ww FMLOCAL
	/hh FMLOCAL
	/FMsaveobject FMLOCAL
	/FMoptop FMLOCAL
	/FMdicttop FMLOCAL
/BEGINPRINTCODE { 
	/FMdicttop countdictstack 1 add def 
	/FMoptop count 7 sub def 
	/FMsaveobject save def
	userdict begin 
	/showpage {} def 
	FMNORMALIZEGRAPHICS 
	3 index neg 3 index neg translate
	} bind def
/ENDPRINTCODE {
	count -1 FMoptop {pop pop} for 
	countdictstack -1 FMdicttop {pop end} for 
	FMsaveobject restore 
	} bind def
/gn { 
	0 
	{	46 mul 
		cf read pop 
		32 sub 
		dup 46 lt {exit} if 
		46 sub add 
		} loop
	add 
	} bind def
	/str FMLOCAL
/cfs { 
	/str sl string def 
	0 1 sl 1 sub {str exch val put} for 
	str def 
	} bind def
/ic [ 
	0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0223
	0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0223
	0
	{0 hx} {1 hx} {2 hx} {3 hx} {4 hx} {5 hx} {6 hx} {7 hx} {8 hx} {9 hx}
	{10 hx} {11 hx} {12 hx} {13 hx} {14 hx} {15 hx} {16 hx} {17 hx} {18 hx}
	{19 hx} {gn hx} {0} {1} {2} {3} {4} {5} {6} {7} {8} {9} {10} {11} {12}
	{13} {14} {15} {16} {17} {18} {19} {gn} {0 wh} {1 wh} {2 wh} {3 wh}
	{4 wh} {5 wh} {6 wh} {7 wh} {8 wh} {9 wh} {10 wh} {11 wh} {12 wh}
	{13 wh} {14 wh} {gn wh} {0 bl} {1 bl} {2 bl} {3 bl} {4 bl} {5 bl} {6 bl}
	{7 bl} {8 bl} {9 bl} {10 bl} {11 bl} {12 bl} {13 bl} {14 bl} {gn bl}
	{0 fl} {1 fl} {2 fl} {3 fl} {4 fl} {5 fl} {6 fl} {7 fl} {8 fl} {9 fl}
	{10 fl} {11 fl} {12 fl} {13 fl} {14 fl} {gn fl}
	] def
	/sl FMLOCAL
	/val FMLOCAL
	/ws FMLOCAL
	/im FMLOCAL
	/bs FMLOCAL
	/cs FMLOCAL
	/len FMLOCAL
	/pos FMLOCAL
/ms { 
	/sl exch def 
	/val 255 def 
	/ws cfs 
	/im cfs 
	/val 0 def 
	/bs cfs 
	/cs cfs 
	} bind def
400 ms 
/ip { 
	is 
	0 
	cf cs readline pop 
	{	ic exch get exec 
		add 
		} forall 
	pop 
	
	} bind def
/rip { 
	   
	  
	  bis ris copy pop 
      is
      0
      cf cs readline pop 
      {       ic exch get exec 
              add 
              } forall 
	  pop pop 
	  ris gis copy pop 
	  dup is exch 
	  
      cf cs readline pop 
      {       ic exch get exec 
              add 
              } forall 
	  pop pop
	  gis bis copy pop 
	  dup add is exch 
	  
      cf cs readline pop 
      {       ic exch get exec 
              add 
              } forall 
      pop 
      
      } bind def
/wh { 
	/len exch def 
	/pos exch def 
	ws 0 len getinterval im pos len getinterval copy pop
	pos len 
	} bind def
/bl { 
	/len exch def 
	/pos exch def 
	bs 0 len getinterval im pos len getinterval copy pop
	pos len 
	} bind def
/s1 1 string def
/fl { 
	/len exch def 
	/pos exch def 
	/val cf s1 readhexstring pop 0 get def
	pos 1 pos len add 1 sub {im exch val put} for
	pos len 
	} bind def
/hx { 
	3 copy getinterval 
	cf exch readhexstring pop pop 
	} bind def
	/h FMLOCAL
	/w FMLOCAL
	/d FMLOCAL
	/lb FMLOCAL
	/bitmapsave FMLOCAL
	/is FMLOCAL
	/cf FMLOCAL
/wbytes { 
      dup dup
      24 eq { pop pop 3 mul }
      { 8 eq {pop} {1 eq {7 add 8 idiv} {3 add 4 idiv} ifelse} ifelse } ifelse
	} bind def
/BEGINBITMAPBWc { 
	1 {} COMMONBITMAPc
	} bind def
/BEGINBITMAPGRAYc { 
	8 {} COMMONBITMAPc
	} bind def
/BEGINBITMAP2BITc { 
	2 {} COMMONBITMAPc
	} bind def
/COMMONBITMAPc { 
		 
	/r exch def
	/d exch def
	gsave
	
	3 index 2 div add exch	
	4 index 2 div add exch	
	translate		
	rotate			
	1 index 2 div neg	
	1 index 2 div neg	
	translate		
	scale			
	/h exch def /w exch def
	/lb w d wbytes def 
	sl lb lt {lb ms} if 
	/bitmapsave save def 
	r                    
	/is im 0 lb getinterval def 
	ws 0 lb getinterval is copy pop 
	/cf currentfile def 
	w h d [w 0 0 h neg 0 h] 
	{ip} image 
	bitmapsave restore 
	grestore
	} bind def
/BEGINBITMAPBW { 
	1 {} COMMONBITMAP
	} bind def
/BEGINBITMAPGRAY { 
	8 {} COMMONBITMAP
	} bind def
/BEGINBITMAP2BIT { 
	2 {} COMMONBITMAP
	} bind def
/COMMONBITMAP { 
	/r exch def
	/d exch def
	gsave
	
	3 index 2 div add exch	
	4 index 2 div add exch	
	translate		
	rotate			
	1 index 2 div neg	
	1 index 2 div neg	
	translate		
	scale			
	/h exch def /w exch def
	/bitmapsave save def 
	r                    
	/is w d wbytes string def
	/cf currentfile def 
	w h d [w 0 0 h neg 0 h] 
	{cf is readhexstring pop} image
	bitmapsave restore 
	grestore
	} bind def
/ngrayt 256 array def
/nredt 256 array def
/nbluet 256 array def
/ngreent 256 array def
	/gryt FMLOCAL
	/blut FMLOCAL
	/grnt FMLOCAL
	/redt FMLOCAL
	/indx FMLOCAL
	/cynu FMLOCAL
	/magu FMLOCAL
	/yelu FMLOCAL
	/k FMLOCAL
	/u FMLOCAL
FMLevel1 {
/colorsetup {
	currentcolortransfer
	/gryt exch def
	/blut exch def
	/grnt exch def
	/redt exch def
	0 1 255 {
		/indx exch def
		/cynu 1 red indx get 255 div sub def
		/magu 1 green indx get 255 div sub def
		/yelu 1 blue indx get 255 div sub def
		/k cynu magu min yelu min def
		/u k currentundercolorremoval exec def
%		/u 0 def
		nredt indx 1 0 cynu u sub max sub redt exec put
		ngreent indx 1 0 magu u sub max sub grnt exec put
		nbluet indx 1 0 yelu u sub max sub blut exec put
		ngrayt indx 1 k currentblackgeneration exec sub gryt exec put
	} for
	{255 mul cvi nredt exch get}
	{255 mul cvi ngreent exch get}
	{255 mul cvi nbluet exch get}
	{255 mul cvi ngrayt exch get}
	setcolortransfer
	{pop 0} setundercolorremoval
	{} setblackgeneration
	} bind def
}
{
/colorSetup2 {
	[ /Indexed /DeviceRGB 255 
		{dup red exch get 255 div 
		 exch dup green exch get 255 div 
		 exch blue exch get 255 div}
	] setcolorspace
} bind def
} ifelse
	/tran FMLOCAL
/fakecolorsetup {
	/tran 256 string def
	0 1 255 {/indx exch def 
		tran indx
		red indx get 77 mul
		green indx get 151 mul
		blue indx get 28 mul
		add add 256 idiv put} for
	currenttransfer
	{255 mul cvi tran exch get 255.0 div}
	exch concatprocs settransfer
} bind def
/BITMAPCOLOR { 
	/d 8 def
	gsave
	
	3 index 2 div add exch	
	4 index 2 div add exch	
	translate		
	rotate			
	1 index 2 div neg	
	1 index 2 div neg	
	translate		
	scale			
	/h exch def /w exch def
	/bitmapsave save def
	FMLevel1 {	
		colorsetup
		/is w d wbytes string def
		/cf currentfile def 
		w h d [w 0 0 h neg 0 h] 
		{cf is readhexstring pop} {is} {is} true 3 colorimage 
	} {
		colorSetup2
		/is w d wbytes string def
		/cf currentfile def 
		7 dict dup begin
			/ImageType 1 def
			/Width w def
			/Height h def
			/ImageMatrix [w 0 0 h neg 0 h] def
			/DataSource {cf is readhexstring pop} bind def
			/BitsPerComponent d def
			/Decode [0 255] def
		end image	
	} ifelse
	bitmapsave restore 
	grestore
	} bind def
/BITMAPCOLORc { 
	/d 8 def
	gsave
	
	3 index 2 div add exch	
	4 index 2 div add exch	
	translate		
	rotate			
	1 index 2 div neg	
	1 index 2 div neg	
	translate		
	scale			
	/h exch def /w exch def
	/lb w d wbytes def 
	sl lb lt {lb ms} if 
	/bitmapsave save def 
	FMLevel1 {	
		colorsetup
		/is im 0 lb getinterval def 
		ws 0 lb getinterval is copy pop 
		/cf currentfile def 
		w h d [w 0 0 h neg 0 h] 
		{ip} {is} {is} true 3 colorimage
	} {
		colorSetup2
		/is im 0 lb getinterval def 
		ws 0 lb getinterval is copy pop 
		/cf currentfile def 
		7 dict dup begin
			/ImageType 1 def
			/Width w def
			/Height h def
			/ImageMatrix [w 0 0 h neg 0 h] def
			/DataSource {ip} bind def
			/BitsPerComponent d def
			/Decode [0 255] def
		end image	
	} ifelse
	bitmapsave restore 
	grestore
	} bind def
/BITMAPTRUECOLORc { 
	/d 24 def
        gsave
 	
	3 index 2 div add exch	
	4 index 2 div add exch	
	translate		
	rotate			
	1 index 2 div neg	
	1 index 2 div neg	
	translate		
	scale			
	/h exch def /w exch def
	/lb w d wbytes def 
	sl lb lt {lb ms} if 
        /bitmapsave save def 
        
	/is im 0 lb getinterval def	
	/ris im 0 w getinterval def	
	/gis im w w getinterval def	
	/bis im w 2 mul w getinterval def 
        
        ws 0 lb getinterval is copy pop 
        /cf currentfile def 
        w h 8 [w 0 0 h neg 0 h] 
        {w rip pop ris} {gis} {bis} true 3 colorimage
        bitmapsave restore 
        grestore
        } bind def
/BITMAPTRUECOLOR { 
        gsave
		
		3 index 2 div add exch	
		4 index 2 div add exch	
		translate		
		rotate			
		1 index 2 div neg	
		1 index 2 div neg	
		translate		
		scale			
		/h exch def /w exch def
        /bitmapsave save def 
        /is w string def
        /gis w string def
        /bis w string def
        /cf currentfile def 
        w h 8 [w 0 0 h neg 0 h] 
        { cf is readhexstring pop } 
        { cf gis readhexstring pop } 
        { cf bis readhexstring pop } 
        true 3 colorimage 
        bitmapsave restore 
        grestore
        } bind def
/BITMAPTRUEGRAYc { 
	/d 24 def
        gsave
	
	3 index 2 div add exch	
	4 index 2 div add exch	
	translate		
	rotate			
	1 index 2 div neg	
	1 index 2 div neg	
	translate		
	scale			
	/h exch def /w exch def
	/lb w d wbytes def 
	sl lb lt {lb ms} if 
        /bitmapsave save def 
        
	/is im 0 lb getinterval def	
	/ris im 0 w getinterval def	
	/gis im w w getinterval def	
	/bis im w 2 mul w getinterval def 
        ws 0 lb getinterval is copy pop 
        /cf currentfile def 
        w h 8 [w 0 0 h neg 0 h] 
        {w rip pop ris gis bis w gray} image
        bitmapsave restore 
        grestore
        } bind def
/ww FMLOCAL
/r FMLOCAL
/g FMLOCAL
/b FMLOCAL
/i FMLOCAL
/gray { 
        /ww exch def
        /b exch def
        /g exch def
        /r exch def
        0 1 ww 1 sub { /i exch def r i get .299 mul g i get .587 mul
			b i get .114 mul add add r i 3 -1 roll floor cvi put } for
        r
        } bind def
/BITMAPTRUEGRAY { 
        gsave
		
		3 index 2 div add exch	
		4 index 2 div add exch	
		translate		
		rotate			
		1 index 2 div neg	
		1 index 2 div neg	
		translate		
		scale			
		/h exch def /w exch def
        /bitmapsave save def 
        /is w string def
        /gis w string def
        /bis w string def
        /cf currentfile def 
        w h 8 [w 0 0 h neg 0 h] 
        { cf is readhexstring pop 
          cf gis readhexstring pop 
          cf bis readhexstring pop w gray}  image
        bitmapsave restore 
        grestore
        } bind def
/BITMAPGRAY { 
	8 {fakecolorsetup} COMMONBITMAP
	} bind def
/BITMAPGRAYc { 
	8 {fakecolorsetup} COMMONBITMAPc
	} bind def
/ENDBITMAP {
	} bind def
end 
	/ALDsave FMLOCAL
	/ALDmatrix matrix def ALDmatrix currentmatrix pop
/StartALD {
	/ALDsave save def
	 savematrix
	 ALDmatrix setmatrix
	} bind def
/InALD {
	 restorematrix
	} bind def
/DoneALD {
	 ALDsave restore
	} bind def
/I { setdash } bind def
/J { [] 0 setdash } bind def
(4.0) FMVERSION
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[0 0 0 1 0 0 0]
[ 0 0 0 0 1 1 1]
[ 0 1 1 0 1 0 0]
[ 1 0 1 0 0 1 0]
[ 1 1 0 0 0 0 1]
[ 1 0 0 0 0 1 1]
[ 0 1 0 0 1 0 1]
[ 0 0 1 0 1 1 0]
 8 FrameSetSepColors
FrameNoSep
0 0 0 1 0 0 0 K
J
0 0 0 1 0 0 0 K
0 0 0 1 0 0 0 K
0 0 0 1 0 0 0 K
0 0 0 1 0 0 0 K
0 0 0 1 0 0 0 K
0 0 0 1 0 0 0 K
0 0 0 1 0 0 0 K
3 H
2 Z
0 X
0 0 0 1 0 0 0 K
90 450 18 45 261 233.18 A
90 450 18 45 281.68 543.66 A
7 X
90 450 31.5 27 256.5 191.6 G
0.5 H
0 X
90 450 31.5 27 256.5 191.6 A
7 X
90 450 31.5 27 40.5 191.6 G
0 X
90 450 31.5 27 40.5 191.6 A
3 H
0 90 99 45 135 209.6 A
75.59 226.99 63 209.62 64.47 231.02 70.03 229.01 4 Y
V
90 154.47 72 45 135 209.6 A
0 12 Q
(PrefBSMRxd; FwdBSM, [1][2][3]) 213.68 289.79 T
(TExp) 162 263.6 T
180 270 99 45 162 173.6 A
221.41 156.24 233.99 173.62 232.53 152.21 226.97 154.22 4 Y
V
270 334.47 72 45 162 173.6 A
(BSMRxd; FwdBSM, [1][2][3]) 108 110.6 T
7 X
90 450 40.5 26.59 277.18 499.07 G
0.5 H
0 X
90 450 40.5 26.59 277.18 499.07 A
3 H
90 450 18 45 47.68 544.47 A
7 X
90 450 31.5 27 52.18 499.47 G
0.5 H
0 X
90 450 31.5 27 52.18 499.47 A
70.84 535.47 65.68 517.47 60.51 535.47 65.68 535.47 4 Y
V
65.68 535.47 65.68 535.47 2 L
3 H
N
90 180 99 36.82 171 522 A
241.53 535.23 242.99 513.82 230.4 531.2 235.97 533.21 4 Y
V
25.53 90 72 45 171 513.82 A
(PrefBSMRxd; FwdBSM, [1][2][3]) 20.68 598.47 T
270 360 99 45 146.68 481.47 A
76.14 460.07 74.68 481.48 87.26 464.1 81.7 462.09 4 Y
V
205.53 270 72 45 146.68 481.47 A
(PrefBSMRxd; FwdBSM, [1][2][3]) 119.68 418.47 T
(AxptPref) 234 189 T
(AxptAny) 18 189.82 T
1 14 Q
(State transition diagram for a router not con\336gured as C-BSR) 10.75 56.84 T
0 12 Q
(CandBSR) 29.68 498.66 T
(Elected BSR) 245.68 498.66 T
304.84 534.66 299.68 516.66 294.52 534.66 299.68 534.66 4 Y
V
299.68 534.66 299.68 534.66 2 L
N
(TExp; OrigBSM,[4]) 137.68 570.66 T
(TExp; OrigBSM,[4]) 272.68 597.66 T
1 14 Q
(State transition diagram for a Candidate BSR) 11.68 363.66 T
0 12 Q
(Initial state: AxptAny; LclBSR = 0, LclRP-Set = empty) 36 81 T
(Initial state: CandBSR; LclBSR = Local address, LclRP-Set = empty) 9 388.63 T
(\050b\051) 157.68 29.6 T
(\050a\051) 144 335.6 T
284.16 224.18 279 206.18 273.84 224.18 279 224.18 4 Y
V
279 224.18 279 224.18 2 L
N
0 0 0 1 0 0 0 K
0 0 0 1 0 0 0 K
0 0 0 1 0 0 0 K
FMENDPAGE
%%EndDocument
 @endspecial 290 4048 a(Figure)h(4:)41 b(State)32 b(Diagram)e(for)g
(the)h(BSR)f(election)g(and)g(RP-Set)h(distribution)c(mec)m(hanisms)17
4256 y(Eac)m(h)35 b(PIM)f(router)g(k)m(eeps)h(a)f(b)s(o)s
(otstrap-timer,)h(initialized)c(to)k([Bo)s(otstrap-Timeout],)i(in)c
(addition)f(to)j(a)g(lo)s(cal)-125 4369 y(BSR)c(\014eld)f
Ff(`L)-5 b(clBSR')32 b Fk(\(initialized)d(to)j(a)f(lo)s(cal)g(address)f
(if)g(Candidate-BSR,)h(or)g(to)h(0)g(otherwise\),)g(and)e(a)i(lo)s(cal)
e(RP-)-125 4482 y(Set)i Ff(`L)-5 b(clRP-Set')30 b Fk(\(initially)e
(empt)m(y\).)43 b(The)30 b(main)g(stim)m(uli)e(to)k(the)f(state)h(mac)m
(hine)f(are)g(timer)f(ev)m(en)m(ts)j(and)d(arriv)-5 b(al)29
b(of)-125 4595 y(b)s(o)s(otstrap)h(messages:)p eop
%%Page: 47 48
47 47 bop -125 -149 a Fh(draft-ietf-idmr-PIM-SM-sp)s(ec-10.ps)2673
b Fk(47)-125 149 y Fn(Initial)35 b(States)f(and)h(Timer)e(Ev)m(en)m(ts)
-13 321 y Fk(1.)46 b(If)30 b(the)g(router)g(is)g(a)h(Candidate-BSR:)141
509 y(\(a\))47 b(The)23 b(router)h(op)s(erates)h(initially)c(in)h(the)j
(`CandBSR')e(state,)k(where)d(it)f(do)s(es)h(not)h(originate)e(an)m(y)i
(b)s(o)s(otstrap)303 622 y(messages.)136 735 y(\(b\))46
b(If)39 b(the)h(b)s(o)s(otstrap-timer)e(expires,)k(and)d(the)g(curren)m
(t)h(state)h(is)d(`CandBSR',)i(the)f(router)h(originates)f(a)303
847 y(b)s(o)s(otstrap)33 b(message)i(carrying)e(the)h(lo)s(cal)f
(RP-Set)h(and)f(its)g(o)m(wn)h(BSR)g(priorit)m(y)e(and)h(address,)h
(restarts)303 960 y(the)h(b)s(o)s(otstrap-timer)f(at)h([Bo)s(otstrap-P)
m(erio)s(d])h(seconds,)g(and)e(transits)g(in)m(to)h(the)g(`ElectedBSR')
g(state.)303 1073 y(Note)d(that)g(the)g(actual)g(sending)d(of)j(the)f
(b)s(o)s(otstrap)g(message)i(ma)m(y)f(b)s(e)f(dela)m(y)m(ed)g(b)m(y)h
(a)f(random)g(v)-5 b(alue)31 b(to)303 1186 y(reduce)j(transien)m(t)g
(con)m(trol)h(o)m(v)m(erhead.)53 b(T)-8 b(o)35 b(obtain)f(b)s(est)g
(results,)g(the)g(random)g(v)-5 b(alue)34 b(is)f(set)i(suc)m(h)f(that)
303 1299 y(the)f(preferred)e(BSR)i(is)f(the)h(\014rst)f(to)h(originate)
f(a)i(b)s(o)s(otstrap)e(message.)49 b(W)-8 b(e)34 b(prop)s(ose)e(the)h
(follo)m(wing)e(as)303 1412 y(an)f(e\016cien)m(t)h(implemen)m(tation)e
(of)h(the)h(random)f(v)-5 b(alue)29 b(dela)m(y)i(\(in)e(seconds\):)816
1616 y Fc(D)s(el)r(ay)f Fk(=)d(5)c(+)f(2)h Fd(\003)f
Fc(l)r(og)1586 1630 y Fl(2)1626 1616 y Fk(\(1)h(+)f Fc(bestP)13
b(r)s(ior)s(ity)22 b Fd(\000)e Fc(my)s(P)13 b(r)s(ior)s(ity)s
Fk(\))20 b(+)g Fc(Addr)s(D)s(el)r(ay)303 1820 y Fk(where)30
b Ff(myPriority)h Fk(is)f(the)g(Candidate-BSR's)g(con\014gured)g
(priorit)m(y)-8 b(,)29 b(and)h Ff(b)-5 b(estPriority)31
b Fk(equals:)1157 2025 y Fc(bestP)13 b(r)s(ior)s(ity)28
b Fk(=)d Fc(M)10 b(ax)p Fk(\()p Fc(stor)s(edP)j(r)s(ior)s(ity)s(;)i(my)
s(P)e(r)s(ior)s(ity)s Fk(\))303 2246 y(and)30 b Ff(A)-5
b(ddrDelay)31 b Fk(is)f(giv)m(en)g(b)m(y)g(the)h(follo)m(wing:)377
2392 y(i.)45 b(if)29 b(\()p Ff(b)-5 b(estPriority)32
b Fk(equals)e Ff(myPriority)p Fk(\))i(then)1360 2596
y Fc(Addr)s(D)s(el)r(ay)c Fk(=)d Fc(l)r(og)2048 2610
y Fl(2)2088 2596 y Fk(\()p Fc(bestAddr)f Fd(\000)c Fc(my)s(Addr)s
Fk(\))p Fc(=)p Fk(16)p Fc(;)352 2800 y Fk(ii.)44 b(else)1594
2913 y Fc(Addr)s(D)s(el)r(ay)29 b Fk(=)c(2)c Fd(\000)e
Fk(\()p Fc(my)s(Addr)s(=)p Fk(2)2782 2875 y Fl(31)2858
2913 y Fk(\))303 3080 y(where)30 b Ff(myA)-5 b(ddr)32
b Fk(is)d(the)i(Candidate-BSR's)e(address,)h(and)g Ff(b)-5
b(estA)g(ddr)32 b Fk(is)d(the)i(stored)f(BSR's)g(address.)146
3193 y(\(c\))47 b(If)33 b(the)g(b)s(o)s(otstrap-timer)g(expires,)g(and)
g(the)h(curren)m(t)f(state)i(is)d(`ElectedBSR',)i(the)g(router)f
(originates)g(a)303 3306 y(b)s(o)s(otstrap)f(message,)k(and)c(restarts)
i(the)f(RP-Set)h(timer)e(at)i([Bo)s(otstrap-P)m(erio)s(d].)51
b(No)33 b(state)i(transition)303 3419 y(is)29 b(incurred.)303
3548 y(This)f(w)m(a)m(y)-8 b(,)32 b(the)f(elected)g(BSR)f(originates)g
(p)s(erio)s(dic)e(b)s(o)s(otstrap)i(messages)h(ev)m(ery)g([Bo)s
(otstrap-P)m(erio)s(d].)-13 3719 y(2.)46 b(If)30 b(a)g(router)h(is)e
(not)i(a)f(Candidate-BSR:)141 3907 y(\(a\))47 b(The)32
b(router)g(op)s(erates)h(initially)d(in)h(the)i(`AxptAn)m(y')g(state.)
49 b(In)32 b(suc)m(h)g(state,)j(a)e(router)f(accepts)i(the)f(\014rst)
303 4020 y(b)s(o)s(otstrap)21 b(message)i(from)f(the)g(The)f(Rev)m
(erse)i(P)m(ath)f(F)-8 b(orw)m(arding)22 b(\(RPF\))h(neigh)m(b)s(or)d
(to)m(w)m(ard)j(the)f(included)303 4133 y(BSR.)30 b(The)g(RPF)g(neigh)m
(b)s(or)f(in)g(this)h(case)h(is)f(the)g(next)h(hop)e(router)i(en)f
(route)h(to)g(the)f(included)e(BSR.)136 4246 y(\(b\))46
b(If)32 b(the)h(b)s(o)s(otstrap-timer)f(expires,)g(and)g(the)h(curren)m
(t)f(state)j(is)c(`AxptPref)7 b('{)34 b(where)e(the)h(router)f(accepts)
303 4358 y(only)c(preferred)f(b)s(o)s(otstrap)i(messages)g(\(those)h
(that)f(carry)g(BSR-priorit)m(y)f(and)g(address)g(higher)f(than,)i(or)
303 4471 y(equal)e(to,)i Ff(`L)-5 b(clBSR')p Fk(\))28
b(from)f(the)g(RPF)g(neigh)m(b)s(or)f(to)m(w)m(ard)j(the)e(included)e
(BSR{)i(the)h(router)f(transits)f(in)m(to)303 4584 y(the)k(`AxptAn)m
(y')h(state.)303 4714 y(In)38 b(this)g(case,)43 b(if)38
b(an)h(elected)g(BSR)g(b)s(ecomes)h(unreac)m(hable,)g(the)g(routers)e
(start)i(accepting)g(b)s(o)s(otstrap)303 4827 y(messages)h(from)f
(another)h(Candidate-BSR)e(after)i(the)g(b)s(o)s(otstrap-timer)e
(expires.)70 b(All)39 b(PIM)i(routers)303 4940 y(within)28
b(a)i(domain)g(con)m(v)m(erge)i(on)e(the)h(preferred)e(reac)m(hable)i
(Candidate-BSR.)p eop
%%Page: 48 49
48 48 bop -125 -149 a Fh(draft-ietf-idmr-PIM-SM-sp)s(ec-10.ps)2673
b Fk(48)-125 149 y Fn(Receiving)37 b(Bo)s(otstrap)e(Message)-125
321 y Fk(T)-8 b(o)36 b(a)m(v)m(oid)f(lo)s(ops,)g(an)g(RPF)g(c)m(hec)m
(k)i(is)c(p)s(erformed)h(on)h(the)g(included)d(BSR)i(address.)54
b(Up)s(on)34 b(receiving)g(a)h(b)s(o)s(otstrap)-125 434
y(message)d(from)e(the)g(RPF)h(neigh)m(b)s(or)e(to)m(w)m(ard)i(the)g
(included)c(BSR,)k(the)f(follo)m(wing)f(actions)i(are)f(tak)m(en:)-13
605 y(1.)46 b(If)30 b(the)g(router)g(is)g(not)g(a)h(Candidate-BSR:)141
793 y(\(a\))47 b(If)30 b(the)h(curren)m(t)g(state)h(is)e(`AxptAn)m(y',)
i(the)f(router)g(accepts)h(the)f(b)s(o)s(otstrap)g(message,)h(and)e
(transits)g(in)m(to)303 906 y(the)g(`AxptPref)7 b(')31
b(state.)136 1018 y(\(b\))46 b(If)c(the)i(curren)m(t)f(state)h(is)e
(`AxptPref)7 b(',)47 b(and)c(the)g(b)s(o)s(otstrap)g(message)h(is)e
(preferred,)k(the)d(message)h(is)303 1131 y(accepted.)e(No)31
b(state)g(transition)e(is)h(incurred.)-13 1302 y(2.)46
b(If)28 b(the)i(router)e(is)h(a)g(Candidate-BSR,)f(and)h(the)g(b)s(o)s
(otstrap)g(message)h(is)e(preferred,)g(the)i(message)g(is)e(accepted.)
103 1415 y(F)-8 b(urther,)29 b(if)g(this)f(happ)s(ens)g(when)g(the)i
(curren)m(t)f(state)i(is)e(`Elected)h(BSR',)f(the)h(router)f(transits)g
(in)m(to)h(the)f(`Can-)103 1528 y(dBSR')h(state.)17 1716
y(When)20 b(a)g(b)s(o)s(otstrap)g(message)i(is)d(accepted,)24
b(the)c(router)g(restarts)h(the)f(b)s(o)s(otstrap-timer)g(at)h([Bo)s
(otstrap-Timeout],)-125 1829 y(stores)35 b(the)f(receiv)m(ed)g(BSR)g
(priorit)m(y)e(and)i(address)f(in)g Ff(`L)-5 b(clBSR')p
Fk(,)34 b(and)g(the)g(receiv)m(ed)g(RP-Set)g(in)f Ff(`L)-5
b(clRP-Set')p Fk(,)35 b(and)-125 1942 y(forw)m(ards)30
b(the)h(b)s(o)s(otstrap)f(message)h(out)g(all)e(in)m(terfaces)i(except)
g(the)g(receiving)e(in)m(terface.)17 2055 y(If)h(a)g(b)s(o)s(otstrap)g
(message)i(is)d(rejected,)i(no)g(state)g(transitions)e(are)i
(triggered.)p eop
%%Page: 49 50
49 49 bop -125 -149 a Fh(draft-ietf-idmr-PIM-SM-sp)s(ec-10.ps)2673
b Fk(49)-125 149 y Fe(6.3)113 b(App)s(endix)37 b(I)s(I)s(I:)g(Glossary)
h(of)f(T)-9 b(erms)-125 321 y Fk(F)h(ollo)m(wing)30 b(is)g(an)g(alphab)
s(etized)f(list)g(of)h(terms)h(and)e(de\014nitions)f(used)i(throughout)
g(this)f(sp)s(eci\014cation.)12 487 y Fd(\017)46 b Fn(Bo)s(otstrap)c
(router)g(\(BSR\))p Fk(.)36 b(A)h(BSR)f(is)g(a)g(dynamically)f(elected)
i(router)f(within)e(a)j(PIM)f(domain.)58 b(It)36 b(is)103
600 y(resp)s(onsible)27 b(for)j(constructing)g(the)h(RP-Set)f(and)g
(originating)f(Bo)s(otstrap)i(messages.)12 779 y Fd(\017)46
b Fn(Candidate-BSR)40 b(\(C-BSR\))p Fk(.)c(A)g(C-BSR)f(is)g(a)h(router)
f(con\014gured)g(to)i(participate)e(in)f(the)i(BSR)f(election)103
892 y(and)30 b(act)h(as)g(BSRs)f(if)f(elected.)12 1071
y Fd(\017)46 b Fn(Candidate)22 b(RP)i(\(C-RP\))p Fk(.)c(A)g(C-RP)g(is)g
(a)g(router)g(con\014gured)g(to)h(send)f(p)s(erio)s(dic)d
(Candidate-RP-Adv)m(ertisemen)m(t)103 1184 y(messages)33
b(to)g(the)g(BSR,)f(and)g(act)i(as)e(an)h(RP)f(when)f(it)h(receiv)m(es)
h(Join/Prune)e(or)h(Register)h(messages)g(for)f(the)103
1297 y(adv)m(ertised)e(group)g(pre\014x.)12 1476 y Fd(\017)46
b Fn(Designated)k(Router)g(\(DR\))p Fk(.)43 b(The)g(DR)g(sets)h(up)e(m)
m(ulticast)h(route)g(en)m(tries)g(and)g(sends)f(corresp)s(onding)103
1589 y(Join/Prune)37 b(and)h(Register)g(messages)i(on)e(b)s(ehalf)f(of)
i(directly-connected)g(receiv)m(ers)g(and)f(sources,)i(resp)s(ec-)103
1702 y(tiv)m(ely)-8 b(.)39 b(The)26 b(DR)h(ma)m(y)h(or)e(ma)m(y)i(not)f
(b)s(e)f(the)g(same)i(router)e(as)h(the)g(IGMP)g(Querier.)38
b(The)26 b(DR)h(ma)m(y)g(or)g(ma)m(y)g(not)103 1815 y(b)s(e)h(the)h
(long-term,)g(last-hop)g(router)g(for)f(the)h(group;)g(a)h(router)e(on)
h(the)g(LAN)g(that)h(has)e(a)h(lo)m(w)m(er)h(metric)e(route)103
1927 y(to)j(the)f(data)h(source,)g(or)g(to)g(the)f(group's)g(RP)-8
b(,)31 b(ma)m(y)g(tak)m(e)h(o)m(v)m(er)g(the)e(role)g(of)h(sending)e
(Join/Prune)f(messages.)12 2107 y Fd(\017)46 b Fn(Incoming)40
b(in)m(terface)h(\(iif)10 b(\))p Fk(.)56 b(The)35 b(iif)e(of)j(a)g(m)m
(ulticast)f(route)h(en)m(try)f(indicates)g(the)h(in)m(terface)g(from)f
(whic)m(h)103 2219 y(m)m(ulticast)29 b(data)h(pac)m(k)m(ets)i(are)e
(accepted)h(for)e(forw)m(arding.)40 b(The)29 b(iif)f(is)g(initialized)f
(when)i(the)g(en)m(try)h(is)f(created.)12 2398 y Fd(\017)46
b Fn(Join)26 b(list)p Fk(.)37 b(The)22 b(Join)f(list)g(is)g(one)i(of)f
(t)m(w)m(o)h(lists)e(of)h(addresses)g(that)h(is)e(included)e(in)i(a)i
(Join/Prune)d(message;)26 b(eac)m(h)103 2511 y(address)h(refers)h(to)g
(a)h(source)f(or)g(RP)-8 b(.)28 b(It)h(indicates)e(those)h(sources)g
(or)g(RPs)g(to)h(whic)m(h)d(do)m(wnstream)i(receiv)m(er\(s\))103
2624 y(wish)g(to)j(join.)12 2803 y Fd(\017)46 b Fn(Last-hop)38
b(router)p Fk(.)50 b(The)32 b(last-hop)h(router)h(is)e(the)i(last)f
(router)g(to)h(receiv)m(e)h(m)m(ulticast)d(data)j(pac)m(k)m(ets)g(b)s
(efore)103 2916 y(they)27 b(are)h(deliv)m(ered)f(to)h
(directly-connected)f(mem)m(b)s(er)g(hosts.)40 b(In)27
b(general)g(the)h(last-hop)f(router)h(is)e(the)i(DR)g(for)103
3029 y(the)e(LAN.)g(Ho)m(w)m(ev)m(er,)j(under)24 b(v)-5
b(arious)25 b(conditions)f(describ)s(ed)f(in)i(this)f(do)s(cumen)m(t)i
(a)g(parallel)e(router)i(connected)103 3142 y(to)31 b(the)f(same)h(LAN)
g(ma)m(y)g(tak)m(e)h(o)m(v)m(er)f(as)g(the)f(last-hop)g(router)h(in)e
(place)h(of)h(the)f(DR.)12 3321 y Fd(\017)46 b Fn(Outgoing)33
b(in)m(terface)f(\(oif)10 b(\))33 b(list)p Fk(.)40 b(Eac)m(h)29
b(m)m(ulticast)f(route)h(en)m(try)f(has)h(an)f(oif)g(list)f(con)m
(taining)h(the)h(outgoing)103 3434 y(in)m(terfaces)i(to)g(whic)m(h)e(m)
m(ulticast)h(pac)m(k)m(ets)i(should)c(b)s(e)i(forw)m(arded.)12
3613 y Fd(\017)46 b Fn(Prune)28 b(List)p Fk(.)38 b(The)23
b(Prune)g(list)g(is)g(the)h(second)g(list)e(of)i(addresses)g(that)g(is)
f(included)e(in)i(a)h(Join/Prune)e(message.)103 3726
y(It)30 b(indicates)g(those)g(sources)h(or)f(RPs)g(from)g(whic)m(h)f
(do)m(wnstream)h(receiv)m(er\(s\))i(wish)c(to)k(prune.)12
3905 y Fd(\017)46 b Fn(PIM)29 b(Multicast)g(Border)h(Router)g(\(PMBR\))
p Fk(.)c(A)f(PMBR)h(connects)g(a)g(PIM)f(domain)f(to)i(other)g(m)m
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5119 y(a)35 b(m)m(ulticast)f(route)h(en)m(try)g(.)53
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Fd(\017)46 b Fn(\(*,G\))35 b(route)h(en)m(try)p Fk(.)43
b(Group)30 b(mem)m(b)s(ers)g(join)g(the)h(shared)g(RP-T)-8
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b(tree)h(is)103 2770 y(represen)m(ted)e(b)m(y)h(\(*,G\))h(m)m(ulticast)
e(route)h(en)m(tries)f(along)h(the)f(shortest)h(path)g(branc)m(hes)f(b)
s(et)m(w)m(een)h(the)g(RP)f(and)103 2882 y(the)h(group)g(mem)m(b)s
(ers.)12 3068 y Fd(\017)46 b Fn(\(*,*,RP\))38 b(route)g(en)m(try)p
Fk(.)49 b(\(*,*,RP\))35 b(refers)d(to)i(an)m(y)f(source)h(and)e(an)m(y)
h(m)m(ulticast)g(group)f(that)i(maps)e(to)i(the)103 3181
y(RP)29 b(included)e(in)h(the)h(en)m(try)-8 b(.)41 b(The)29
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eop
%%Page: 51 52
51 51 bop -125 -149 a Fh(draft-ietf-idmr-PIM-SM-sp)s(ec-10.ps)2673
b Fk(51)-125 149 y([8])47 b(A.)d(J.)f(Ballardie,)j(P)-8
b(.)44 b(F.)g(F)-8 b(rancis,)46 b(and)d(J.)h(Cro)m(w)m(croft.)80
b(Core)44 b(based)f(trees.)80 b(In)43 b Ff(Pr)-5 b(o)g(c)g(e)g(e)g
(dings)47 b(of)e(the)g(A)n(CM)17 262 y(SIGCOMM)p Fk(,)30
b(San)f(F)-8 b(rancisco,)32 b(1993.)p eop
%%Trailer
end
userdict /end-hook known{end-hook}if
%%EOF

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Subject: Re: Is there ps version of RFC2362
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Jiang Pet wrote:
> 
> Hi all,
> 
> In RFC2362.txt, it said that figures are only in ps
> version. I can't find the ps version through Internet.

Folks:

Let me remind you all that 2362 is EXPERIMENTAL,
	--that its 3 years old
	--it wasn't written as clearly as it could have been.
		(not because the authors didn't try, but because
		there wasn't enough operational experience to understand
		what the implications were for some of the decisions)
	--that there is a new PIM draft which builds on 2362 _and_ additional
		years of experience to result in something that -- though
		not easy to read or understand -- provides much clearer
		implementation information than the RFC
	--that if you implement the RFC only, you're going to have to 
		eventually refer to this DRAFT at some point in time to 
		clean up the problems you are going to encounter.
		
You can obtain several PIM drafts at:
	http://www.ietf.org/ids.by.wg/pim.html

>From IETF RFC Index:
2362 Protocol Independent Multicast-Sparse Mode (PIM-SM): Protocol
     Specification. D. Estrin, D. Farinacci, A. Helmy, D. Thaler, S.
     Deering, M. Handley, V. Jacobson, C. Liu, P. Sharma, L. Wei. June
     1998. (Format: TXT=159833 bytes) (Obsoletes RFC2117) (Status:
     EXPERIMENTAL)


I've spent the last 7 years working on PIM, finding all kinds of
"corner cases" that just don't seem like they "should have been"
important, but which somehow seem to always bite one in the ...

I'm not saying the new DRAFT is perfect.  And it would be nice to get
more eyes looking at it to clean up some of those problems.  But, if you
really want to implement PIM -- or for that matter, just know how it is
"suppose to work", please be sure to include this DRAFT in your reading.

I include a pdf version attached here so that no one will have an excuse
that they couldn't find it.  

Thanks 

z
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From: "Sridhar Vallepalli" <sridharv@nortelnetworks.com>
To: "'pim@catarina.usc.edu'" <pim@catarina.usc.edu>
Subject: Pim packet length.
Date: Tue, 26 Jun 2001 12:12:40 -0700
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Hi all,
	In the existing pim packet formats there is no field in pim header
which tells how big the packet is.
I would suggest to use the reserved byte in the pim header for this purpose.
Please comment..

Thanks
Sridhar

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<P><FONT SIZE=3D2 FACE=3D"Arial">Hi all,</FONT>
<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <FONT SIZE=3D2 =
FACE=3D"Arial">In the existing pim packet formats there is no field in =
pim header which tells how big the packet is.</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2 FACE=3D"Arial">I would suggest to use the reserved =
byte in the pim header for this purpose. Please comment..</FONT>
</P>

<P><FONT SIZE=3D2 FACE=3D"Arial">Thanks</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2 FACE=3D"Arial">Sridhar</FONT>
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From owner-pim@catarina.usc.edu  Tue Jun 26 17:41:38 2001
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From: Yiqun Cai <ycai@cisco.com>
To: sridharv@nortelnetworks.com
CC: pim@catarina.usc.edu
In-reply-to: <5546C40EAD51D311BD7A0008C791547607030C07@zsc4c012.us.nortel.com>
	(sridharv@nortelnetworks.com)
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It can be computed from the length field in the IP header. 

> 
> Hi all,
> 	In the existing pim packet formats there is no field in pim header
> which tells how big the packet is.
> I would suggest to use the reserved byte in the pim header for this purpose.
> Please comment..
> 
> Thanks
> Sridhar
> 


-- 
Yiqun


From owner-pim@catarina.usc.edu  Tue Jun 26 19:29:01 2001
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From: "Sridhar Vallepalli" <sridharv@nortelnetworks.com>
To: "'ycai@cisco.com'" <ycai@cisco.com>
Cc: pim@catarina.usc.edu
Subject: RE: Pim packet length.
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That is true, but I have seen one of the leading router vendors having 
incorrect value in the total length field of the IP header. 
By having the length in pim header the dependency on finding it of the 
IP header is eliminated. ( The way it is done in OSPF)

Thanks
Sridhar

-----Original Message-----
From: Yiqun Cai [mailto:ycai@cisco.com]
Sent: Tuesday, June 26, 2001 2:05 PM
To: Vallepalli, Sridhar [SC9:T337:EXCH]
Cc: pim@catarina.usc.edu
Subject: Re: Pim packet length.



It can be computed from the length field in the IP header. 

> 
> Hi all,
> 	In the existing pim packet formats there is no field in pim header
> which tells how big the packet is.
> I would suggest to use the reserved byte in the pim header for this
purpose.
> Please comment..
> 
> Thanks
> Sridhar
> 


-- 
Yiqun

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<P><FONT SIZE=2>That is true, but I have seen one of the leading router vendors having </FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=2>incorrect value in the total length field of the IP header. </FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=2>By having the length in pim header the dependency on finding it of the </FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=2>IP header is eliminated. ( The way it is done in OSPF)</FONT>
</P>

<P><FONT SIZE=2>Thanks</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=2>Sridhar</FONT>
</P>

<P><FONT SIZE=2>-----Original Message-----</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=2>From: Yiqun Cai [<A HREF="mailto:ycai@cisco.com">mailto:ycai@cisco.com</A>]</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=2>Sent: Tuesday, June 26, 2001 2:05 PM</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=2>To: Vallepalli, Sridhar [SC9:T337:EXCH]</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=2>Cc: pim@catarina.usc.edu</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=2>Subject: Re: Pim packet length.</FONT>
</P>
<BR>
<BR>

<P><FONT SIZE=2>It can be computed from the length field in the IP header. </FONT>
</P>

<P><FONT SIZE=2>&gt; </FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=2>&gt; Hi all,</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=2>&gt; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; In the existing pim packet formats there is no field in pim header</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=2>&gt; which tells how big the packet is.</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=2>&gt; I would suggest to use the reserved byte in the pim header for this purpose.</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=2>&gt; Please comment..</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=2>&gt; </FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=2>&gt; Thanks</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=2>&gt; Sridhar</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=2>&gt; </FONT>
</P>
<BR>

<P><FONT SIZE=2>-- </FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=2>Yiqun</FONT>
</P>

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From owner-pim@catarina.usc.edu  Tue Jun 26 22:32:26 2001
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From: Yiqun Cai <ycai@cisco.com>
To: sridharv@nortelnetworks.com
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	(sridharv@nortelnetworks.com)
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Well, if the total length field in the IP header is not trust worthy,
why should the length field of PIM header be? They are built by the
same router running the same software.

I assume you are proposing this to ensure the integrity of PIM messages. 
If so, the checksum field should serve the purpose. If an implementation 
believes that the checksum field is not strong enough to protect against 
a wrong total length value in the IP header, it can always determine the 
exact number of bytes received from the driver.

> 
> That is true, but I have seen one of the leading router vendors having 
> incorrect value in the total length field of the IP header. 
> By having the length in pim header the dependency on finding it of the 
> IP header is eliminated. ( The way it is done in OSPF)
> 
> Thanks
> Sridhar
> 


-- 
Yiqun


From owner-pim@catarina.usc.edu  Thu Jun 28 02:38:45 2001
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Subject:  Few questions
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Hello,
    I have few doubts in latest PIM-SM draft (draft-ietf-pim-sm-v2-new-02.ps).
1. <s,g> join and <s,g,rpt> join on same interface is allowed? Spec doesn't seems to be talking about how to handle this? If there is a downstream <s,g> state why do we need to maintain downstream <s,g,rpt> state? I guess one should ignore <s,g,rpt> prune on a interface if <s,g> is already present.
2. Why is JoinDesired(S,G) dependent on KeepAlive timer and not just on immediate_olist(S,G)?

Thanks for your time.

pnh

____________________________________________________
Buy Feng Shui Package for Rs. 151/- only, at http://shopping.rediff.com/shopping/fengshui_mailer.htm





From owner-pim@catarina.usc.edu  Thu Jun 28 03:34:35 2001
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From: "Jyotheeswara Rao Kurma" <jyotheeswara.rao@wipro.com>
To: "pnh" <pnh@rediffmail.com>
Cc: "pim@catarina.usc.edu" <pim@catarina.usc.edu>
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> 2. Why is JoinDesired(S,G) dependent on KeepAlive timer and not 
> just on immediate_olist(S,G)?

  Just for your info . Keep Alive timer will come into picture only 
when immediate_olist(S,G) is NULL. { This means nobody (down stream)
explicitly send (S,G) joins , or no local receivers for (S,G) (IGMP3 
requests , or we lost assert etc, i.e immediate_olist(S,G) is null).

So we check for inherited_olist(S,G,rpt), which inturn include 
joins(*,G) etc... (These are not not source specific joins) So, 
JoinDesiredSG() will be true only when keep alive timer is running, 
meaning this source is active.(keep alive timer is refreshed by receipt 
of data packet) i.e If this source has sent some data to this group, in 
the last ( keep alive expiry timer), we consider that source as active 
and we consider joindesiredSG as true . There is no point in sending 
(S,G) Joins if that source is inactive, when none explicitly asked for
(S,G) traffic.

Whereas Joindesired(*,G) will be based on only immediateolist(*,G) , 
because we don't who are the potential senders ? 



> ____________________________________________________
> Buy Feng Shui Package for Rs. 151/- only, at 
> http://shopping.rediff.com/shopping/fengshui_mailer.htm
> 
> 
> 



From owner-pim@catarina.usc.edu  Thu Jun 28 05:26:37 2001
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From: "Pawan H" <pawannh@iname.com>
To: pim@catarina.usc.edu
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Subject: Re: Few questions
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I'll put my question this way.

If no downstream router is interested exclicit in (S,G) state, why should one continue to send (S,G) join upstream as long as keep alive timer is active? As I understand this behaviour is needed only if source is *directly connected* so that we can maintain Upstream (s,g) state.
If we taken into consideration KeepAlive timer even otherwise, we will maintain (S,G) state indefinitely even if nobody downstream is explicitly interested in (S,G), as long as there is some data flow and inherited_olist(S,G) is non-null.
Isn't this is wastage of resources at all upstream routers.

pnh


-----Original Message-----
From: Jyotheeswara Rao Kurma [mailto:jyotheeswara.rao@wipro.com]
Sent: Thursday, June 28, 2001 12:59 PM
To: pnh
Cc: pim@catarina.usc.edu
Subject: Re: Few questions


> 2. Why is JoinDesired(S,G) dependent on KeepAlive timer and not 
> just on immediate_olist(S,G)?

  Just for your info . Keep Alive timer will come into picture only 
when immediate_olist(S,G) is NULL. { This means nobody (down stream)
explicitly send (S,G) joins , or no local receivers for (S,G) (IGMP3 
requests , or we lost assert etc, i.e immediate_olist(S,G) is null).

So we check for inherited_olist(S,G,rpt), which inturn include 
joins(*,G) etc... (These are not not source specific joins) So, 
JoinDesiredSG() will be true only when keep alive timer is running, 
meaning this source is active.(keep alive timer is refreshed by receipt 
of data packet) i.e If this source has sent some data to this group, in 
the last ( keep alive expiry timer), we consider that source as active 
and we consider joindesiredSG as true . There is no point in sending 
(S,G) Joins if that source is inactive, when none explicitly asked for
(S,G) traffic.

Whereas Joindesired(*,G) will be based on only immediateolist(*,G) , 
because we don't who are the potential senders ? 




-- 

_______________________________________________
Make PC-to-Phone calls with Net2Phone.
Sign-up today at: http://www.net2phone.com/cgi-bin/link.cgi?121



From owner-pim@catarina.usc.edu  Thu Jun 28 14:21:17 2001
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Date: Thu, 28 Jun 2001 10:49:07 -0700
From: John Zwiebel <John.Zwiebel@procket.com>
Organization: Procket Networks
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Subject: Re: Few questions
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pnh wrote:
> 
> Hello,
>     I have few doubts in latest PIM-SM draft (draft-ietf-pim-sm-v2-new-02.ps).
> 1. <s,g> join and <s,g,rpt> join on same interface is allowed? Spec doesn't seems >to be talking about how to handle this? If there is a downstream <s,g> state why do >we need to maintain downstream <s,g,rpt> state? I guess one should ignore <s,g,rpt> >prune on a interface if <s,g> is already present.


I can read your question many ways, but I'm going to assume that you are
asking why a router might need to receive an (S,G)JOIN _and_ and
(S,G,RPT)PRUNE
on the same interface and how you are suppose to handle this.

In a steady state situation you are correct that you can ignore the
(S,G,RPT)PRUNE.
But remember that what you have here is a situation where the
shared-tree and
the source-tree overlap so you must maintain information for both trees.

What happens if the receiver on the source-tree goes away and you don't 
separately track the receipt of (S,G,RPT)PRUNEs?  (S,G) state is deleted
and now you have only (*,G) state which is propagated up the share-tree
to
the RP which may then have to trigger an (S,G) join toward the source to
rebuild the "X-line" (what I call the shortest-path from the source to
the
RP -- which is just part of the source tree but which has some special
requirements and isn't identified by any other term so I call it the
"X-line"
so I don't have to say "the shortest path from the source to the RP").

Now data flows up the X-line to the RP and down the shared-tree for up
to
60 seconds when the router we are talking about receives a
(S,G,RPT)PRUNE
and creates (S,G,RPT) state to then prune off all the traffic that we
just
asked for.

If you think of the three separate ways traffic can be delivered:
  -- shared-tree
  -- source-tree
  -- X-line (which is required to deliver traffic down the shared-tree)

and remember that you have to keep information for each of these because
they may arbitrarily overlap or intersect with one another at almost
any point in your network.  And remember that any of these can change at
any time as new receivers come up, the source goes away and/or the RP
changes.  Then you have a better possibility of meeting all your
requirements
for sparse-mode.

> 2. Why is JoinDesired(S,G) dependent on KeepAlive timer and not just on immediate_olist(S,G)?
>

I'm assuming you are referring to this macro:

	bool JoinDesired(S,G) {
	  return( immediate_olist(S,G) != NULL
	  OR ( KeepaliveTimer(S,G) is running
	    AND inherited_olist(S,G) != NULL ) )
	}

The immediate_olist can be non-NULL if you receive either an (S,G) JOIN
_or_ an IGMPv3 host report that specifically lists "S".  

The second applies to a "last-hop" router.  If that router is serving
hosts
that only run IGMPv2 then the "inherited_olist" is non-NULL because the
receiver can only ask for (*,G).

If the source stops sending, but the receiver keeps sending (*,G) IGMP
host reports, the keepaliveTimer is required to know when to delete the
(S,G) from the last-hop so you can tear down that shortest-path. 
Otherwise
that path will be up as long as the receiver continues to send (*,G)
IGMP
host reports.

NOTE that with SSM and IGMPv3 the receiver sends (S,G)host reports so 
the last-hop router doesn't have to track the keepAliveTimer because now
we "assume" that the host knows more about what sources are sending than
the router knows.  In this case, the (S,G) will stay alive "forever" (or
until the host stops asking for it) but this is what we want to have 
happen.

> Thanks for your time.
> 
> pnh
> 
> ____________________________________________________
> Buy Feng Shui Package for Rs. 151/- only, at http://shopping.rediff.com/shopping/fengshui_mailer.htm
> 
> _______________________________________________
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From owner-pim@catarina.usc.edu  Thu Jun 28 19:28:10 2001
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Date: Thu, 28 Jun 2001 16:11:38 -0700 (PDT)
From: shyamkumar chindalur <shyam_ck@yahoo.com>
Subject: Need Information regarding Test tools for PIM-SM
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Hi,

I want to know if any testing tools are available for
doing protocol conformance, stress testing and/or
protocol analysis of PIM-SM. Any information regarding
the test tools whether it is free shareware or a
commercial software is appreciated. 

Thanks for the information in advance.

Shyam

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From owner-pim@catarina.usc.edu  Fri Jun 29 05:38:10 2001
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Date: Fri, 29 Jun 2001 14:42:29 +0530
To: John Zwiebel <John.Zwiebel@procket.com>
From: Pawan <pnh@myrealbox.com>
Subject: Re: Few questions
Cc: "pim@catarina.usc.edu" <pim@catarina.usc.edu>
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John,

Thanks for explaining things in detail. Please see my inline comments.

At 10:49 AM 6/28/01 -0700, John Zwiebel wrote:
>In a steady state situation you are correct that you can ignore the
>(S,G,RPT)PRUNE.
>But remember that what you have here is a situation where the
>shared-tree and
>the source-tree overlap so you must maintain information for both trees.
>
>What happens if the receiver on the source-tree goes away and you don't
>separately track the receipt of (S,G,RPT)PRUNEs?  (S,G) state is deleted
>and now you have only (*,G) state which is propagated up the share-tree
>to
>the RP which may then have to trigger an (S,G) join toward the source to
>rebuild the "X-line" (what I call the shortest-path from the source to
>the
>RP -- which is just part of the source tree but which has some special
>requirements and isn't identified by any other term so I call it the
>"X-line"
>so I don't have to say "the shortest path from the source to the RP").
>
>Now data flows up the X-line to the RP and down the shared-tree for up
>to
>60 seconds when the router we are talking about receives a
>(S,G,RPT)PRUNE
>and creates (S,G,RPT) state to then prune off all the traffic that we
>just
>asked for.

Thanks for in-depth info. Now I understand that why one needs to maintain 
both states with current spec as (S,G,rpt) prune is not triggered while 
already in pruned state.

>If you think of the three separate ways traffic can be delivered:
>   -- shared-tree
>   -- source-tree
>   -- X-line (which is required to deliver traffic down the shared-tree)
>
>and remember that you have to keep information for each of these because
>they may arbitrarily overlap or intersect with one another at almost
>any point in your network.  And remember that any of these can change at
>any time as new receivers come up, the source goes away and/or the RP
>changes.  Then you have a better possibility of meeting all your
>requirements
>for sparse-mode.
>
> > 2. Why is JoinDesired(S,G) dependent on KeepAlive timer and not just on 
> immediate_olist(S,G)?
> >
>
>I'm assuming you are referring to this macro:
>
>         bool JoinDesired(S,G) {
>           return( immediate_olist(S,G) != NULL
>           OR ( KeepaliveTimer(S,G) is running
>             AND inherited_olist(S,G) != NULL ) )
>         }
>
>The immediate_olist can be non-NULL if you receive either an (S,G) JOIN
>_or_ an IGMPv3 host report that specifically lists "S".
>
>The second applies to a "last-hop" router.  If that router is serving
>hosts
>that only run IGMPv2 then the "inherited_olist" is non-NULL because the
>receiver can only ask for (*,G).

As KeepaliveTimer(S,G) will be running even at in-between routers, 
JoinDesired(S,G)
will maintain <s,g> state even at those upstream routers, even if no 
downstream router is interested
in (S,G) explicitly, i.e. even if all downstream (S,G) states are timed 
out, we will continue to maintain
(S,G) state! Shouldn't we be doing this only at last hop router?

Thanks

pnh



From owner-pim@catarina.usc.edu  Fri Jun 29 13:09:06 2001
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Pawan wrote:
> 
> John,
> 
> Thanks for explaining things in detail. Please see my inline comments.
> 
> As KeepaliveTimer(S,G) will be running even at in-between routers,
> JoinDesired(S,G)
> will maintain <s,g> state even at those upstream routers, even if no
> downstream router is interested
> in (S,G) explicitly, i.e. even if all downstream (S,G) states are timed
> out, we will continue to maintain
> (S,G) state! Shouldn't we be doing this only at last hop router?
> 
> Thanks
> 

There is a difference of opinion here.  IHNO (I have no opinion).  I'll
try to outline both sides of the issue.

One point is that if the last hop deletes all its outgoing interfaces,
then
it will trigger a PRUNE toward the source removing the interfaces from
the
Olist of the upstream routers.  If its the last interface in the olist
then
those routers won't forward traffic and so the KeepaliveTimer won't be
updated.
(ie JoinDesired(S,G) will go to false).

Since this part of the protocol seems to be working, (S,G) state is
removed
from the SPT, perhaps it doesn't pay to change it.

OTOH, the intermediate routers do have to update (S,G)KeepaliveTimer and
this
may be an expensive process.  ("expensive" is in the eye of the beholder
-- IHNO).
And for the intermediate routers the KeepaliveTimer(S,G) doesn't "do"
anything.
[And if you are talking about an SSM session that timer doesn't "do"
anything
anywhere along the SPT]

OTOOH, when you are trying to debug a network problem and you want to
know if
the traffic is flowing or not, being able to look at the mroute and see
that
the (S,G) expire time is never less than 2:59 tells you that this router
is
forwarding a steady stream of multicast traffic.  So, for a human, this
timer
is very useful.  (Of course, in this case, the timer is just telling you
when
the last packet went by and isn't doing anything WRT the protocol).


From owner-pim@catarina.usc.edu  Fri Jun 29 13:13:36 2001
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        "pim@catarina.usc.edu" <pim@catarina.usc.edu>
Subject: Re: Few questions 
In-reply-to: Your message of "Fri, 29 Jun 2001 14:42:29 +0530."
             <5.1.0.14.0.20010629124329.00a838d0@imap.myrealbox.com> 
Date: Fri, 29 Jun 2001 09:30:27 -0700
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Pawan writes:
>As KeepaliveTimer(S,G) will be running even at in-between routers, 
>JoinDesired(S,G)
>will maintain <s,g> state even at those upstream routers, even if no 
>downstream router is interested
>in (S,G) explicitly, i.e. even if all downstream (S,G) states are timed 
>out, we will continue to maintain
>(S,G) state! Shouldn't we be doing this only at last hop router?

The issue is that it is impossible to distinguish a turnaround router
from one where the shared and shortest path trees just cross. Hence,
once the SPT has been set up in an intermediate router you may create
intermediate outages for downstream receivers whose DR is configured
with "spt-threshold infinity" if you stop joining the (S,G) while the
source is still active.

thanks
I


From owner-pim@catarina.usc.edu  Fri Jun 29 14:01:59 2001
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Date: Fri, 29 Jun 2001 23:04:55 +0530
To: Isidor Kouvelas <kouvelas@cisco.com>
From: Pawan <pnh@myrealbox.com>
Subject: Re: Few questions 
Cc: John Zwiebel <John.Zwiebel@procket.com>,
        "pim@catarina.usc.edu" <pim@catarina.usc.edu>
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Thanks Isidor,

But I'm not clear why should there be any outages in downstream, provided
router switching from RPT to SPT takes care of sending (S,G,rpt) Join towards
RP and when first data packet is received on RPT, send prune towards SPT.
But yes, it will be very difficult to achieve so if both SPT and RPT is 
through same
LAN!
My main concern is regarding the unnecessary (S,G) states at all upstream 
router
even when nobody downstream is actually interested in (S,G) specifically.

Thanks
Pawan

At 09:30 AM 6/29/01 -0700, Isidor Kouvelas wrote:

>Pawan writes:
> >As KeepaliveTimer(S,G) will be running even at in-between routers,
> >JoinDesired(S,G)
> >will maintain <s,g> state even at those upstream routers, even if no
> >downstream router is interested
> >in (S,G) explicitly, i.e. even if all downstream (S,G) states are timed
> >out, we will continue to maintain
> >(S,G) state! Shouldn't we be doing this only at last hop router?
>
>The issue is that it is impossible to distinguish a turnaround router
>from one where the shared and shortest path trees just cross. Hence,
>once the SPT has been set up in an intermediate router you may create
>intermediate outages for downstream receivers whose DR is configured
>with "spt-threshold infinity" if you stop joining the (S,G) while the
>source is still active.
>
>thanks
>I



From owner-pim@catarina.usc.edu  Fri Jun 29 14:11:15 2001
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From: John Zwiebel <John.Zwiebel@procket.com>
Organization: Procket Networks
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To: Isidor Kouvelas <kouvelas@cisco.com>
CC: Pawan <pnh@myrealbox.com>, "pim@catarina.usc.edu" <pim@catarina.usc.edu>
Subject: Re: Few questions
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Isidor Kouvelas wrote:
> 
> Pawan writes:
> >As KeepaliveTimer(S,G) will be running even at in-between routers,
> >JoinDesired(S,G)
> >will maintain <s,g> state even at those upstream routers, even if no
> >downstream router is interested
> >in (S,G) explicitly, i.e. even if all downstream (S,G) states are timed
> >out, we will continue to maintain
> >(S,G) state! Shouldn't we be doing this only at last hop router?
> 
> The issue is that it is impossible to distinguish a turnaround router
> from one where the shared and shortest path trees just cross. 

I don't believe this statement is true otherwise you'd have to always
have a turnaround router when these two paths cross.  You know its a
"turnaround router" when you receive a JOIN/PRUNE message that has only
a (*,G) part and no (S,G) part (prune or join).  So, I think what you
mean is that unless you specifically record this information and mark
the router as being in this state, you won't know that its a turnaround
router.

So, I'm assuming that what you (Isidor) mean here is that unless you
mark the (S,G)
entry as a "turnaround" entry, then it is indeed impossible to know this
from
just looking at the information in the mroute.

Let me expand on what Isidor is saying...

FWIW: 
   A "turnaround" router prevents data flowing all the way to the RP
   when a member (last-hop router) wants to remain on the shared-tree. 
The 
   new spec doesn't address this completely.  Whether or not you want to 
   implement this capability is debatable.  On the plus side, you save
network
   bandwidth as data isn't constantly forwarded to the RP.  On the
negitive side,
   well, it isn't necessarily "easy" to implement.  Also, it isn't clear
yet 
   how often a network will be configured so that some receivers will
stay on
   the shared-tree and some will switch to the shortest path.  

   But the advantages are also dependent on the physical layout of your
network.
   If your RP is on the edge, it will initially join toward the source
(one
   branch in the SPT which I've called the X-line) so now you have a
shortest
   tree branch.  Even if _all_ your receivers are configured to remain
on the
   shared-tree you may still have the X-line intercept a shared-tree
branch
   a long way (in hops) from the RP.

   Now, if your source is spewing out tons of traffic and your RP is at
the
   end of a fairly skinny pipe, you have problems.  (One of them being
you've
   designed your network poorly, but that's another problem.)

> Hence,
> once the SPT has been set up in an intermediate router you may create
> intermediate outages for downstream receivers whose DR is configured
> with "spt-threshold infinity" if you stop joining the (S,G) while the
> source is still active.
> 

(FWIW, turnaround routers only exist where the shortest-path from the
source to the RP intersects with a shared-tree branch.  Cisco uses a X
to mark such routers.  Hence, I call it the X-line.)

The spec (S,G) keepalive timer is only updated when traffic is forwarded 
by the router.  The "classic" turnaround router has an (S,G) with a NULL
olist and therefore must update the Keepalive timer when it "sees"
traffic
on the RPF interface toward the source.

Note that as long as the RP _knows_ there are receivers on the
shared-tree
only (ie it is receiving (*,G) joins without an (S,G) part) it is
responsible
for pulling source traffic all the way to the RP.  The turnaround router
moves this functionality to the first point (points since there can be
many share-tree branches) where the shared-tree-branch and X-line
overlap.


Now, isn't this a lot more than you wanted to know?  The spec only
mentions
the turnaround router in passing.  Here I do have an opinion that a
turnaround router is a "good thing".  I admit though that the changes in
the way multicast traffic is forwarded may make it obsolete.  (or
perhaps
in the way PIM-SM is used in a given network make it unnecessary.)


From owner-pim@catarina.usc.edu  Fri Jun 29 14:16:20 2001
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Subject: Re: Few questions
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Pawan wrote:
> 
> Thanks Isidor,
> 
> But I'm not clear why should there be any outages in downstream, provided
> router switching from RPT to SPT takes care of sending (S,G,rpt) Join towards

Did you mean "Prune"?  (S,G,R)JOINs are very rare and only used to
override
a prune when you've had a "strange" topology that causes the upstream
routers
assert for who the forwarder is.

> RP and when first data packet is received on RPT, send prune towards SPT.
> But yes, it will be very difficult to achieve so if both SPT and RPT is
> through same
> LAN!
> My main concern is regarding the unnecessary (S,G) states at all upstream
> router
> even when nobody downstream is actually interested in (S,G) specifically.
> 

This doesn't happen.


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        John Zwiebel <John.Zwiebel@procket.com>,
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Subject: Re: Few questions 
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             <5.1.0.14.0.20010629224934.00a89aa0@imap.myrealbox.com> 
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Pawan writes:
>Thanks Isidor,
>
>But I'm not clear why should there be any outages in downstream, provided
>router switching from RPT to SPT takes care of sending (S,G,rpt) Join towards
>RP and when first data packet is received on RPT, send prune towards SPT.
>But yes, it will be very difficult to achieve so if both SPT and RPT is 
>through same LAN!

You are right. But this behaviour is not defined in the spec...

>My main concern is regarding the unnecessary (S,G) states at all upstream router
>even when nobody downstream is actually interested in (S,G) specifically.

The main point is that intermediate routers should not *create* (S,G) state.
If soneone initially requests (S,G) state I do not think it is a real problem
keeping it around till the source stops sending or the receivers leave.

thanks
I


From owner-pim@catarina.usc.edu  Fri Jun 29 14:57:56 2001
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To: John Zwiebel <John.Zwiebel@procket.com>
From: Pawan <pnh@myrealbox.com>
Subject: Re: Few questions
Cc: "pim@catarina.usc.edu" <pim@catarina.usc.edu>
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John,
    No I meant (S,G,rpt) Join towards RPT, since it had previously sent 
(S,G,rpt) Prune towards RPT when (S,G) state was established.

Consider following scenario.


       RPT           SPT
        |             |
        |             |
      +----+        +----+
      | T4 |        | T5 |
      +----+        +----+
          \          /
           \        /
            \      /
             +----+
         +---| T1 |---+
        /    +----+    \
       /                \
      /                  \
   +----+              +----+
   | T2 |              | T3 |
   +----+              +----+
     |                   |
     R1                 R2

R1 sends (S,G) Join and R2 send  (*,G) Join.

There will be (*,G) state at T1, T3 and T4 and (S,G) state at T1, T2 and T5.
Besides T4 hold (S,G,rpt) Prune state.

Now at some later point of time, R1 disappears which will make T2 to send 
(S,G) prune towards T1. Now no (S,G) state at T2.
and nobody downstream of T1 is specifically interested in (S,G)  (R2 is 
interested in *,G ).
But because of keepalive timer T1 can never switch back! and everyone holds 
what ever state they are holding as long as Keepalive timer keeps ticking 
at T1.

To correct this (I mean to release the resources), T1 could have sent 
(S,G,rpt) Join towards T4 and once packet is received on (*,G) send (S,G) 
prune towards T5. I understand the issue if both T4 and T5 are no same LAN. 
I guess one can either go for duplicate packets for some time or a data 
flow break for some time.


Thanks
Pawan

At 10:43 AM 6/29/01 -0700, John Zwiebel wrote:
>Pawan wrote:
> >
> > Thanks Isidor,
> >
> > But I'm not clear why should there be any outages in downstream, provided
> > router switching from RPT to SPT takes care of sending (S,G,rpt) Join 
> towards
>
>Did you mean "Prune"?  (S,G,R)JOINs are very rare and only used to
>override
>a prune when you've had a "strange" topology that causes the upstream
>routers
>assert for who the forwarder is.
>
> > RP and when first data packet is received on RPT, send prune towards SPT.
> > But yes, it will be very difficult to achieve so if both SPT and RPT is
> > through same
> > LAN!
> > My main concern is regarding the unnecessary (S,G) states at all upstream
> > router
> > even when nobody downstream is actually interested in (S,G) specifically.
> >
>
>This doesn't happen.

--=====================_549638127==_.ALT
Content-Type: text/html; charset="us-ascii"

<html>
John,<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp; No I meant (S,G,rpt) Join towards RPT, since it had
previously sent (S,G,rpt) Prune towards RPT when (S,G) state was
established.<br><br>
Consider following scenario.<br><br>
<br>
<font face="Courier New, Courier">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
RPT&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; SPT<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
|&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
|<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
|&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
| <br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; +----+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
+----+<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; | T4 |&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
| T5 |<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; +----+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
+----+<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
\&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; /&nbsp; <br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
\&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; /&nbsp; <br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
\&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; /&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
+----+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; +---| T1 |---+ <br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; /&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
+----+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; \ <br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
/&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
\&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
/&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
\&nbsp;&nbsp; <br>
&nbsp;
+----+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
+----+<br>
&nbsp; | T2
|&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
| T3 |<br>
&nbsp;
+----+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
+----+<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
|&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
|<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
R1&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
R2<br><br>
</font>R1 sends (S,G) Join and R2 send&nbsp; (*,G) Join.<br><br>
There will be (*,G) state at T1, T3 and T4 and (S,G) state at T1, T2 and
T5.<br>
Besides T4 hold (S,G,rpt) Prune state.<br><br>
Now at some later point of time, R1 disappears which will make T2 to send
(S,G) prune towards T1. Now no (S,G) state at T2.<br>
and nobody downstream of T1 is specifically interested in (S,G)&nbsp; (R2
is interested in *,G ).<br>
But because of keepalive timer T1 can never switch back! and everyone
holds what ever state they are holding as long as Keepalive timer keeps
ticking at T1.<br><br>
To correct this (I mean to release the resources), T1 could have sent
(S,G,rpt) Join towards T4 and once packet is received on (*,G) send (S,G)
prune towards T5. I understand the issue if both T4 and T5 are no same
LAN. I guess one can either go for duplicate packets for some time or a
data flow break for some time.<br><br>
<br>
Thanks<br>
Pawan<br><br>
At 10:43 AM 6/29/01 -0700, John Zwiebel wrote:<br>
<blockquote type=cite class=cite cite>Pawan wrote:<br>
&gt; <br>
&gt; Thanks Isidor,<br>
&gt; <br>
&gt; But I'm not clear why should there be any outages in downstream,
provided<br>
&gt; router switching from RPT to SPT takes care of sending (S,G,rpt)
Join towards<br><br>
Did you mean &quot;Prune&quot;?&nbsp; (S,G,R)JOINs are very rare and only
used to<br>
override<br>
a prune when you've had a &quot;strange&quot; topology that causes the
upstream<br>
routers<br>
assert for who the forwarder is.<br><br>
&gt; RP and when first data packet is received on RPT, send prune towards
SPT.<br>
&gt; But yes, it will be very difficult to achieve so if both SPT and RPT
is<br>
&gt; through same<br>
&gt; LAN!<br>
&gt; My main concern is regarding the unnecessary (S,G) states at all
upstream<br>
&gt; router<br>
&gt; even when nobody downstream is actually interested in (S,G)
specifically.<br>
&gt; <br><br>
This doesn't happen.</blockquote></html>

--=====================_549638127==_.ALT--



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To: "'John Zwiebel'" <John.Zwiebel@procket.com>, Pawan <pnh@myrealbox.com>
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> 
> Did you mean "Prune"?  (S,G,R)JOINs are very rare and only used to
> override
> a prune when you've had a "strange" topology that causes the upstream
> routers
> assert for who the forwarder is.


(S,G,R) Joins are possible even without asserts - when a router sends (S,G,R) Prune on the shared X-line and some other router (who is just on a shared tree) wants to override this (S,G,R) Prune. This other router will send (S,G,R) Join towards RP or the turnaround router (when RP is away case).

--
Sonum


From owner-pim@catarina.usc.edu  Fri Jun 29 15:34:09 2001
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Mathur Sonum-CSM109 wrote:
> 
> >
> > Did you mean "Prune"?  (S,G,R)JOINs are very rare and only used to
> > override
> > a prune when you've had a "strange" topology that causes the upstream
> > routers
> > assert for who the forwarder is.
> 
> (S,G,R) Joins are possible even without asserts - when a router sends (S,G,R) Prune on the shared X-line and some other router (who is just on a shared tree) wants to override this (S,G,R) Prune. This other router will send (S,G,R) Join towards RP or the turnaround router (when RP is away case).
> 

I didn't say they weren't possible.  I was trying to understand the
question
being posed since it talked about switching from the RPT to the SPT and
sending an (S,G,R) JOIN.  I think Pawan meant to say that when you
switch
back from the shortest-path to the shared-path.  IMHO, not a good thing
to
plan on doing since it ends up with data paths coming and going and will
result
in duplicate packets that may then cause you to exceed your
spt-threshold so
you switch back to the shortest-path again, only to then flip-flop back
to
the shared-tree again.  If you get lots of receivers doing this your
network
gets hosed.  Your mileage may very.

Depending on your implementation, the only time you should need to send
an (s,g,r)join override is when you have a LAN with two upstream
routers,
one the RPF to the RP the other the RPF to the source, and two
downstream 
routers, one staying on the shared tree, one trying to prune the
shared-tree
(so sending the (s,g,r) prunes that have to be overridden).

If the (s,g,r) prunes are being sent to the upstream router that is the
RPF
to the RP, there's no reason to send an (s,g,r) join to override this
since
the upstream "should have known" that there was a downstream router that
wanted
to stay on the shared-tree and it wouldn't prune this interface.

So, its the "other" upstream router that would be receiving the (s,g,r)
prune
that would have to be overridden.  The only way the "other" router can
become
the RPF is through some kind of assert process so that both downstream
routers
now use RPF' for the (s,g,r).

(s,g,r)JOINs should be a very, very rare occurance.


From owner-pim@catarina.usc.edu  Fri Jun 29 16:20:52 2001
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From: Mathur Sonum-CSM109 <sonum@motorola.com>
To: "'John Zwiebel'" <John.Zwiebel@procket.com>
Cc: pim@catarina.usc.edu
Subject: RE: Few questions
Date: Fri, 29 Jun 2001 14:48:14 -0500
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> Depending on your implementation, the only time you should 
> need to send
> an (s,g,r)join override is when you have a LAN with two upstream
> routers,
> one the RPF to the RP the other the RPF to the source, and two
> downstream 
> routers, one staying on the shared tree, one trying to prune the
> shared-tree
> (so sending the (s,g,r) prunes that have to be overridden).
> 
> If the (s,g,r) prunes are being sent to the upstream router 
> that is the
> RPF
> to the RP, there's no reason to send an (s,g,r) join to override this
> since
> the upstream "should have known" that there was a downstream 
> router that
> wanted
> to stay on the shared-tree and it wouldn't prune this interface.
> 

But when this upstream router received (*,G) Joins (without (S,G,R) Prune) from two downstreams on the same X-line, it doesn't keep track of the number of downstreams. So, when the upstream router receives triggered (S,G,R) Prune from one downstream, the upstream router cannot know that other downstream exists. Its the other downstream's responsibility to tell upstream that he wants to override - typical Prune override case on shared links. And this is done by (S,G,R) Join

--
Sonum